最新安托瓦纳·贝尔曼PPT课件 32页

安托瓦纳·贝尔曼 AbriefintroductiontoAntoineBermanHisimportantworksImportantterms:trialoftheforeign,receivingtheforeignasforeign,literaltranslationBerman"sremarksbeforethenegativeanalyticThenegativeanalyticOutline Remarksbeforethe"negativeanalytic"1.theanalysisproposedhereisprovisional,itneedstobefurtherrevisedinordertobesystematic.2.Thisnegativeanalyticshouldbeextendedbyapositivecounterpart.Thenthesetwoanalyticscanproduceacritique评论，评判oftranslation.3.Thepsychologicalapproachtolanguageandlinguisticsystemscancontributetoa"translatology".4.Thefocuswillbethedeformingtendenciesthatinthedomainofliteraryprose-thenovelandtheessay. Twelvedeformingtendencies十二种变形倾向1.rationalization2.clarification3.expansion4.ennoblementandpopularization5.qualitativeimpoverishment6.quantitativeimpoverishment Twelvedeformingtendencies7.thedestructionofrhythms8.thedestructionofunderlyingnetworksofsignification9.thedestructionoflinguisticpatternings10.thedestructionofvernacularnetworksortheirexoticization11.thedestructionofexpressionsandidioms12.theeffacementofthesuperimpositionoflanguages 1.Rationalization合理化Rationalizationrecomposessentencesandthesequenceofsentences,rearrangingthemaccordingtoacertainideaofdiscursive散漫的,不着边际的order.Rationalizationmakestheoriginalpassfromconcretetoabstract,notonlybyreorderingthesentencestructure,butbytranslatingverbsintosubstantives,bychoosingthemoregeneraloftwosubstantives.eg.英：Youaretalkingdelightfulnonsense.汉：你虽信口胡诌，但也蛮有情趣。 2.Clarification明晰化Therearetwokindsofexplications:Explicitationcanbethemanifestationofsomethingthatisnotapparentbutconcealedorrepressed,intheoriginal.Thiskindofexplicationisthesupremepoweroftranslation.Explicitationaimstorender"clear"whatdoesnotwishtobeclearintheoriginal.Themovementfrompolysemytomonosemy,paraphrasticorexplicativetranslationbotharethemodesofclarification.eg.英:Aseriesoftheselittlesurprisesexhausts;andhewaswearingpumps,apoorpreparationforanycountry.汉:这样深一脚，浅一脚，磕磕碰碰，直走得你精疲力竭。何况阿济兹穿的是一双浅口软底鞋。穿这种鞋，在哪个国家走路都是不行的。 3.Expansion扩充Rationalizingandclarifyingrequireexpansion,anunfoldingofwhat,intheoriginal,is"folded".Theadditionaddsnothing,thatitaugments扩大onlythegrossmassoftext,withoutaugmentingitswayofspeakingorsignifying.Explicationmayrenderthetextmore"clear",buttheyactuallyobscureitsownmodeofclarity.Theexpansionisastreching,aslackening,whichimpairstherhythmicflowofthework.Itisoftencalled"overtranslation".well:deepandverticalExpansionflatten,horizontalizingwhatisessentiallydeepandvertical. 4.Ennoblement高雅化Rhetorizationconsistsinproducing"elegant"sentences,whileutilizingthesourcetext,sotospeak,asrawmaterial.Thustheennoblementisonlyarewriting,a"stylisticexercise"basedon-andattheexpenseoftheoriginal.Butgoodspeakingintheoriginalhasnothingtodowiththe"rhetoricalelegance"extolledbytherewritingthatennobles.Infact,thelattersimultaneouslyannihilatesbothoralrhetoricandformlesspolylogic. Example英：Ipicturemyselfgoinguptobed,amongtheunusedrooms,andsittingonmybed-sidecryingforacomfortablewordfromPeggotty.汉：我现在看到这样一幅图景：我一个人孤孤单单地到楼上冷冷清清的屋子里去睡觉，我坐在床沿上，一边哭着一边想象坡勾提来安慰我。 5.Qualitativeimpoverishment性质受损Thisreferstothereplacementofterms,expressionsandfiguresintheoriginalwithterms,expressionsandfiguresthatlacktheirsonorousrichnessor,correspondingly,theirsignifyingor"iconic"richness.Whenthispracticeofreplacementisappliedtoanentirework,tothewholeofitsiconicsurface,itdecisivelyeffacesagoodportionofitssignifyingprocessandmodeofexpression-whatmakesaworkspeaktous.eg.Murderstone摩德斯通 6.Quantitativeimpoverishment数量缺失Thisreferstoalexicalloss.(lossoflexicalvariation)Thislossperfectlycoexistswithanincreaseofthegrossquantityormassofthetextwithexpansion.Thetranslatingresultsinatextthatisatoncepoorerandlonger.Moreover,theexpansionoftenworkstomaskthequantitativeloss.eg.sadness,sorrow,grief:悲哀 7.Thedestructionsofrhythms韵律的破坏Thedeformingtranslationcanconsiderablyaffecttherhythm-forexample,throughanarbitraryrevisionofwordorderandpunctuation.eg.英：Wilfulwastemakeswoefulwant.汉：平日里挥金如土，到头来生活叫苦。 8.Thedestructionofunderlyingnetworksofsignification对原文潜在指示网络的破坏Theliteraryworkcontainsahiddendimension,an"underlying"text,wherecertainsignifierscorrespondandlinkup,formingallsortsofnetworksbeneaththe"surface"ofthetextitself.Ifsuchnetworksarenottransmitted,asignifyingprocessinthetextisdestroyed.Themisreadingofthesenetworkscorrespondstothetreatmentgiventogroupingsofmajorsignifiersinawork,suchasthosethatorganizeitsmodeofexpression. Example天净沙·秋思枯藤/老树/昏鸦，　　小桥/流水/人家，　　　古道/西风/瘦马。　　夕阳/西下，断肠/人/在/天涯。Sky-clearSand(Tien-chingSha)AutumnThoughtsWitheredvines,oldtrees,crowsatdusk;ASmallbridge,flowingwater,afewhouses;Anancientroad,aleanhorseinthewestwind,Theeveningsunsinkinginthewest-Aheart-brokentravelerstillatworld"send. 9.Thedestructionoflinguisticpatternings语言模式的破坏Rationalization,clarification,expansion,etc.destroythesystematicnatureofthetextbyintroducingelementsthatareexcludedbyitsessentialsystem.Whenthetranslatedtextismore"homogeneous"thantheoriginal,itisequallymoreincoherentand,inacertainway,moreheterogeneous,moreinconsistent不一致的. ExampleThepalewintersunshinehadstrengthenedalittleasthemorningworeonandtherewasahintofwarmthinitandanextrapatinaofbrightgoldlayoneverytwigandfallenbeechleaf.日头徐升，冬天淡淡的阳光热力渐强，现在倒有了些暖意。每条嫩枝，每片山毛榉落叶都涂上薄薄一层金黄的光泽。 10.Thedestructionofvernacularnetworksexoticization方言网络和异国情调的破坏Theimportanceofvernacularnetworks:thepolylogicaimofproseinevitablyincludesapluralityofvernacularelements.thetendencytowardconcretenessinprosenecessarilyincludestheseelements,becausethevernacularlanguageisbyitsverynaturemorephysical,moreiconicthan"cultivated"language.proseoftenaimsexplicitlytorecapturetheoralityofvernacular. 10.Thedestructionofvernacularnetworksexoticization方言网络和异国情调的破坏Thetraditionalmethodofpreservingvernacularsistoexoticizethem.twoforms:1.atypographicalprocedure(italics)isusedtoisolatewhatdoesnotexistintheoriginal.2.Exoticizationmayjoinupwithpopularizationbystrivingtorenderaforeignvernacularwithalocalone.Unfortunately,avernacularclingstightlytoitssoilandcompletelyresistsanydirecttranslatingintoanothervernacular. Example英：Thenwhatmightyourmeaningbeincallingme"SirJohn"thesedifferenttimes,whenIbeplainJackDurbeyfieldthehaggler?汉：俺分明是平平常常的杰克·德北，一个乡下小贩子，你可三番两次，老叫俺“约翰爵士”，到底是什么意思？ 11.Thedestructionofexpressionsandidioms对固定表达方式和成语的破坏Itisevidentthatevenifthemeaningisidentical,replacinganidiombyits"equivalent"isanethnocentrism.Toplaywith"equivalence"istoattackthediscourseoftheforeignwork.eg.英：That"sastaleoldyarn.汉：这早已是陈谷子烂芝麻了。 12.Theeffacementofthesuperimpositionoflanguages多种语言重叠的消除Thesuperimpositionoflanguagesinanovelinvolvestherelationbetweendialectandacommonlanguage,akoine,orthecoexistence,intheheartofatext,oftwoormorekoine(共同语).Therelationoftensionandintegrationthatexistsintheoriginalbetweenthevernacularlanguageandthekoine,betweentheunderlyinglanguageandthesurfacelanguage,etc.tendstobeeffacedintranslation. Example英："Mas"rDavy,"saidhe.Andtheoldnameintheoldtonefellsonaturallyonmyear!"Mas"rDavy,"tisajoyfulhourasIseeyou,oncemore,"longwithyourtrewwife!"汉：“卫少爷，”他说道，用旧声调发出的那个旧称呼那么自然地进入我的耳朵！“卫少爷，我又看到你，见到你跟你这位贤惠的太太一块儿，真是我的喜庆日子！” EvaluationofBerman"s"negativeanalytic"Theanalyticoftranslationcanbeusedtodiscoverthesedeformingtendenciesandshowwhereinthetexttheyhaveemerged.Itcanalsohelpthetranslatortomaintaintheforignnessofthesourcetextconsciously.However,thedeformingtendenciescannotbeavoidedbecauselanguagesandculturesaresodifferent,soBerman"s"negativeanalytic"istoostrict. Thankyouforlistening! 结束语谢谢大家聆听！！！32