高三英语阅读理解(人物故事)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案).docx 17页

高三英语阅读理解(人物故事)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类1．阅读理解WhenIwas12yearsold,Ialreadyknewthatmyteenyearsweregoingtobetheworstyearsofmylife.Iwasatotaloutsider,bullied(欺凌)atschool.Ifeltcompletelyaloneinmysmalltown.ButbystartingtodovolunteerworkwhenIwas14,Iturnedmyproblemintoapassionforhelpingothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessmademefeellikemylifehadagreaterpurpose.ThemorepositiveenergyIshared,themorekindnessandappreciationIreceived.Irealizedthatmypurposeinlifewouldbetoreachouttopeople,specificallyteenagers,andhelpthemfeellessalone.Booksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwassothankfulthattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.OneofmybiggestdreamswastobecomeanauthorsoIcouldwritebooksthatwouldhelpotherteenagersthewaythosebookshelpedme.Aftersurvivingterribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,iswhatIamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.KindnesssavedmewhenIneededhelpthemost.Evensmallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone"slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Butbypracticingdailykindness,youbecomeanarchitectofpositivechange.（1）Whatwastheauthor"slifelikewhenhewas12?A.Boring.B.Peaceful.C.Unhappy.D.Meaningful.（2）Howdidthevolunteerworkbenefittheauthor?（3）Whydidtheauthorchoosewritingashisjob?A.Hewasinspiredbyhisteacher.B.Hecouldpasspositiveenergytoreaders.C.Hewantedtosharehisschoolexperiences.D.Hefoundhehadatalentforwriting.（4）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdointhelastparagraph?A.Say"no"tobulliesbravely.B.Makepositivechangesintheirlives.C.Treatotherswithkindnessindailylife. D.Learntocaremoreaboutothers"feelings.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己参加志愿活动的经历，告诉人们：一次小善举也可能改变一个人的一生。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“WhenIwas12yearsold,Ialreadyknewthatmyteenyearsweregoingtobetheworstyearsofmylife.可知，十二岁时，”“我”就意识到青少年时期是“我”一生中最糟糕的阶段；以及“Iwasatotaloutsider,bulliedatschool，“我”觉”得自己是局外人，说明此时的生活是不如意的。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ButbystartingtodovolunteerworkwhenIwas14,Iturnedmyproblemintoapassionforhelpingothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessinthefaceofsomuchangermademefeellikemylifehadagreaterpurpose.可知，但是在我14岁”的时候开始做志愿者工作，我把我的问题变成了帮助别人的热情。面对如此多的愤怒，我有机会实践仁慈，这让我觉得我的生活有一个更大的目标。因此推断参加志愿活动给“我”提供了表达善意的机会，让“我”感觉到生活有更大的意义。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.OneofmybiggestdreamswastobecomeanauthorsoIcouldwritebooksthatwouldhelpotherteenagersthewaythosebookshelpedme.可知，书中作”者的善意拯救了“我”的生活，“我”最大的梦想就是成为一名作家，可以写书去帮助其他的青少年，把善意传递给他们。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Evensmallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone"slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Butbypracticingdailykindness,you可知，作者在”提醒我们注意善意的力量，一次小善举becomeanarchitectofpositivechange.也可能改变一个人的一生，平时以善意待人，会让人们成为积极改变的缔造者。故选【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。C。2．Directions:Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Whenshewastenyearsold,IsadoraDuncandroppedoutofschooltoteachpeopledance.Ifthatjobwaslefttoanyotherten-year-old,itwouldhaveturnedoutfrustrating,difficult,andalittlediscouraging. ButDuncanwasdifferent.Notonlywasshealreadytalentedenoughtoearnmoneyevenatthatage,butshealsohadararekindofconfidencethathelpedhertreattroublesasfuel—somethingtoelevatethefirethatisalreadyburninginsideofher.It"snosurprise,then,thatwhenshemovedtoNewYorktojoinatheatrecompany,shefoundherselfrestricted.Theexistingdancingstyle,theirwayofoperating—allofthisseemedtohertheworkofamisguidedpast.Duncanwasverydirectaboutwhatshewanted,confidentlytellingpeopleshehadadifferentvisionofdancethatshewasgoingtospreadintheworld.This,naturally,ledtoridiculeandlaughsearlyon,butasshebuiltupherwork,theseinstancesbecamelessfrequent.Today,sheisrememberedas"TheMotherofDance,"withmuchofthemodernartowingitsexpressivestyletoherinfluence.InspiredbytheancientGreeks,shebroughtthestyletolife.Inherautobiography(自传),oneofthethingsDuncanfrequentlyreferstoasthebasisofherexpressivespiritisthefactthatshehadachildhoodwhereshewasn"tconstantlywatched.Theexpectationsofhermother(whoraisedher)wereopen-ended.Itwasthefreedomofthislifestylethatdrovehertoseewhatshecoulddo.Growingup,beforesheleftschool,shewastoldoneoftwothings:thatshewaseithercompletelyuselessorthatshewasagenius.Therewasnothinginbetween.Evenwhenshestartedworking,peopleeitherbowedtoherortheybasicallyignoredher.Buttherewasn"tonemomentDuncandoubtedherowngenius.Thereisanoldquotation"ifyoujudgeafishbyitsabilitytoclimbatree,itwillliveitswholelifebelievingthatitisstupid."Anditcapturesanimportanttruth.Atschool,IsadoraDuncanwasafailure.Inthedancehall,shegaveformtobrilliance.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"treattroublesasfuel"mean?（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutDuncan?A.HerexperienceinNewYorkwasthefoundationofhercareer.B.Herteachingjobwhenshewaslittledestroyedherconfidence.C.Herdancingstylewasnotverywellreceivedatthebeginning.D.Hermothersethigherexpectationonherthanshecouldbear.（3）Whatdoestheauthortrytotellthereadersinthelastparagraph? A.Itisuselessclimbingatreetocatchfish.B.Everybodyisageniusinhisownway.C.Miseriescomefromhumanstupidity.D.Teacherscanimpactstudentsgreatly.（4）Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.IsadoraDuncan"schildhoodandherachievementstoday.B.Duncan"scareerdevelopmentandotherdancers"opinionsofher.C.IsadoraDuncan"searlyexperiencesandthereasonsforhersuccess.D.Duncan"shighstatusinthedancingworldandheruniqueexpressivestyle.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Notonlywasshealreadytalentedenoughtoearnmoneyevenatthatage,butshealsohadararekindofconfidence即使在”那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“somethingtoelevatethefirethatisalreadyburninginsideofher”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncanwasverydirectaboutwhatshewanted,confidentlytellingpeopleshehadadifferentvisionofdancethatshewasgoingtospreadintheworld.This,naturally,ledtoridiculeandlaughsearlyon,butasshebuiltupherwork,theseinstancesbecamelessfrequent.”可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ifyoujudgeafishbyitsabilitytoclimbatree,itwillliveitswholelifebelievingthatitisstupid.如果你以爬树的能力来”判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解OnarecenttriptotheislandofNewfoundland,Canada,myhusbandaskedourtalkativecabdriverwhatmadehimmostproudtobefromthere. "Ourgenerosityandhospitality(好客),"herepliedinastronglocalaccent."Yourcarbreaksdowninthemiddleofnowhere,someonewillstoptohelp.Peopleherearekindlikethat."Hisanswerlingeredinmymindduringthatridewithmyhusbandandteenagekids,asweheadedouttoexploreonthefirstdayofourvacation.LittledidIknowwewereabouttoexperiencesomeofthatremarkableNewfoundlandkindnessforourselves.WemetAlmathatsamemorningatthestartofalonghike.Ourteenagershurriedahead,andaswewalkedbehind,admiringthescenery,twowomeninsunglassesandsummerhikinggearstopped.They"dheardusdiscussingdifferentroutes,thenaskedifwe"dlikesuggestions.Theylookedtobeintheir40s,andwerebothenthusiastictosharetheirlocalexpertise.Welistenedeagerly,takingmentalnotes,untiloneofthewomenasked,"Youhaveacar,right?"Iexplainedthattherewerenocarsavailableduringourweekontheisland,sowehadtorelyoncabsinstead."Ohno,"shesaid,"youneedacar."Andthen,ascasuallyasifofferingapieceofchewinggum(口香糖),shesaid:"Takemine!"Dumbfounded,myhusbandandIjustsmiledindisbelief."Whynot?"Sheinsisted."Youneedacartogettoknowalltheseplaces.""Butyoudon"tevenknowus,"Isaid."Thatdoesn"tmatter,"shecontinuedwithabsolutedetermination.Stunned,Ilookedoveratherfriend,whoshruggedandsaid,"That"sAlma."Fortyminutesoftalkinglater,myfamilyclimbedintoAlma"scar.Wespenttherestofourvacationdiscoveringdifferentareasofthisbeautifulisland.Butitwasn"tthegroupsofwhaleswesaw,orthevastareasofwoodland,thatmadethisplacesomemorable.Instead,itwastheactofkindnessfromacompletestrangerthatmadeusrealizehowspecialNewfoundlandreallywas.Nextyear,there"snodoubtwherewe"llbetakingoursummervacation.Whoknowswhatactofkindnesswe"llmeetthen?（1）Whatproblemdidtheauthor"sfamilyhaveinNewfoundland?（2）Theunderlinedword"dumbfounded"inParagraph12isclosestinmeaningto______.A.shockedB.satisfiedC.relievedD.embarrassed（3）WhatimpressedtheauthormostduringherstayinNewfoundland? A.Thetalkativecabdriver.B.Thewhalesswimming.C.Thebeautifulsceneryoftheisland.D.Thehelpfromanenthusiasticstranger.（4）Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.SheislookingforwardtomeetingAlmaoncemore.B.SheexpectstovisitNewfoundlandagain.C.Shehasn"tdecidedwheretogonextyear.D.Shealsowantstobekindtoothersduringvacation.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者最近一次去加拿大的纽芬兰旅行时，被当地人的热情好客深深触动。（1）考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“Iexplainedthattherewerenocarsavailableduringourweekontheisland,sowehadtorelyoncabsinstead.我解释道，我们周”末来岛上度假没有汽车，我们只能打出租车，可知，作者一家人在纽芬兰岛上旅行时遇到的问题是，他们没有一辆车。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第十二段中的“myhusbandandIjustsmiledindisbelief我丈夫和”我只是不相信地笑着，可知，当Alma提出让作者一家开自己的车去旅行的时候，作者和丈夫很惊诧。并且此处单词与第十六段中的“stunned呼”应。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead,itwastheactofkindnessfromacompletestrangerthatmadeusrealizehowspecialNewfoundlandreallywas.取而代之，是一”个陌生人的善意之举让我意识到纽芬兰的真正特别之处。可知，给作者留下最深刻印象的是来自一位热心的陌生人的帮助。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，陌生人的善良和热情好客给作者留下了最深刻印象，且根据最后一段“Nextyear,there"snodoubtwherewe"llbetakingoursummervacation.Whoknowswhatactofkindnesswe"llmeetthen?毫无疑问我”们明年会去哪里过暑假。谁知道到时候我们又会遇到什么样的善意之举呢？可知，作者将还会去纽芬兰岛旅行，期待那里人们的热情。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解MyfamilylivesinTexas.IwasbornandbroughtupinTexasandIamagraduateoftheUniversityofTexas.However,aroundmysecondyearinlawschool,Iwantedtomakeagreatchange,whichwasalmostunheardofforTexans:Iwantedtoleave!Irealizedthisaftercompletingmyfirstyear-yearinternship(实习期)IknewIwanted somethingdifferentandmychancecameduringthe2011SuperBowlinDallas.Asnowstormblanketedtheentirecityinsnowandthousandsofpeopleweregathered.IoverheardthatStubHub,abigcompanyfromagreatcity,SanFrancisco,wasthrowingapartynextdoortomyhotel.Ithoughtiflcouldgetaninternship,Icouldleaveforthesummerandatleastseewhatitwaslike.Yes,itwasahugeleap.ItoldmyselfIwasready.Therewasjustoneproblem:Iwasn"tinvitedtotheStubHubparty.ButyouknowI"mthetypeofpersonwhogoesforsomethingshewants.Needlesstosay,Icrashedthepartyandfoundmywaytothepresident.Ikindlyintroducedmyselfandthenaskediftheyhadalegalinternshipprogram.Guesswhat?Theyacceptedmyrequesttobealegalintern,eventhoughnosuchprogramexisted.Althoughthelegaldepartmentdidn"thaveapermanentpositionforme,theexperiencehasshapedmylife.WorkingforagreatcompanyinSanFrancisco,I"mincrediblyhappyformakingmydecisiontoleaveTexas.ByleavingTexas,Ilearnedthatitissomuchmorerewardingtotrytheunfamiliarthantostayinthecomfortable.Exploringtheunfamiliarishowyou"llunderstandwhatfitsyourlife.Isay,diveinheadfirst.（1）TheauthorwenttoDallastoin2011.A.watchtheSuperBowlB.meetupwithherfamilyC.fleeSanFranciscoD.huntforaninternship（2）Whichisthebiggestlessonthattheauthorlearnedfromtheexperience?（3）Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribetheauthor?A.Patientandmodest.B.Supportiveandenergetic.C.Intelligentandhumorous.D.Determinedandadventurous.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去达拉斯寻找实习机会，并从中学到了很多。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"IoverheardthatStubHub,abigcompanyfromagreatcity,SanFrancisco,wasthrowingapartynextdoortomyhotel.Ithoughtiflcouldgetaninternship,"可知，作者无意中听到来自旧金山的一家大公司在自己所住酒店的隔壁开派对，她在想自己能否在那家公司得到一个实习的机会，因此，2011年作者去达拉斯是为了寻找一个实习机会，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"ByleavingTexas,Ilearnedthatitissomuchmorerewardingtotrytheunfamiliarthantostayinthecomfortable." 可知，作者认识到尝试不熟悉的东西比呆在舒适区更有意义，也就是说作者从这个经历中学到的最大的教训是跳出舒适区是有意义的，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Iwasn"tinvitedtotheStubHubparty.ButyouknowI"mthetypeofpersonwhogoesforsomethingshewants."可知，作者没有被邀请参加派对，但她是那种追求她想要的东西的人，由此可见作者很坚定，再根据"Icrashedthepartyandfoundmywaytothepresident.Ikindlyintroducedmyselfandthenaskediftheyhadalegalinternshipprogram."可知，作者闯进派对，直接找到董事长进行自我介绍并问是否有实习项目，由此可见作者很大胆，综合以上两方面可知作者是坚定和大胆的，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解UnbelievableStoriesofAnimalsActingJustLikeHumansHorsesarepickyeatersHorseshaveanevenbettersenseofsmellthanhumansdo.Whenhorsesraisetheirnosesandopentheirnostrils(鼻孔),theirnervoussystemallowsthemtosensesmellswecan"tsense.Thismightexplainwhytheyrefusedirtywaterandcarefullymovearoundmeadows,eatingonlythetastiestgrasses,expertssay.WhalesaysthanksIn2011,awhaleexpertspottedahumpbackwhaletrappedinafishingnetandspentanhourfreeingit.Afterward,inanhour-longdisplayofthanks,thewhaleswamneartheirboatandleapedintotheairabout40times.PandasliketobenaughtyIsthereanythingmorelovelythanababypanda,exceptmaybeahumanbaby?Infact,babypandassometimesbehavelikehumanbabies.Theysleepinthesamepositionsandvaluetheirthumbs.Pandasareshybynatureforitsshybehaviorssuchascoveringitsfacewithapawofduckingitsheadwhenconfrontedbyastranger.AcathonorsitsownerPapertowels,andaplasticcuparejustafewofthegiftsthatToldo,adevotedthree-year-oldgray-and-whitecat,hasplacedonhisformerownerIozzelliRenzo"sgraveeverydaysincethemandiedinSeptember2011.RenzoadoptedToldofromashelterwhenthecatwasthreemonthsold,andthetwoformedaninseparablebond.AfterRenzopassedaway,Toldofollowedthecoffintothecemetery,andnow"standsguard"atthegraveforhoursatatime.（1）Whatcanhorsesdotopickdeliciousgrasses?A.Feelthem.B.Tastethem.C.Smellthem.D.Observethem.（2）Whatdothewhaleandthecathaveincommonaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyareclever.B.Theyhaveagratefulheart.C.Theyareactiveandlovely.D.Theyhaveagoodsenseofsmell.（3）Whichofthefollowingactslikeahumanbabyaccordingtothepassage? A.Thewhale.B.Thecat.C.Thehorse.D.Thepanda.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了4个令人难以置信的动物与人类行为类似的故事。（1）考查细节理解。根据Horsesarepickyeaters部分介绍的内容可知，马的嗅觉比人类还要强。当马抬起鼻子打开鼻孔时，它们的神经系统让它们感觉到我们感觉不到的气味。因此它们能够拒绝脏水，只吃最美味的草。这说明马靠嗅觉辨别草的好坏。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据Whalesaysthanks可知，这条鲸鱼通过跳跃表达对拯救它的救命恩人的感激。根据Acathonorsitsowner的内容可知，这只猫到墓地去怀念自己的主人。由此可知，两者共同之处在于都有一颗感恩之心。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据Pandasliketobenaughty中的“Infact,babypandassometimesbehavelikehumanbabies可知，”熊猫宝宝的行为与人类的婴儿相似。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解Duringtheperiodfrom1660through1800,GreatBritainbecametheworld"sleader.Languageitselfbecamesubmittedtorulesduringthisperiod.ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.GuidestotheEnglishlanguagehadbeeninexistencebeforeJohnsonbeganhisprojectin1746.These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords.Whendefinitionsofcommonwordsweresupplied,theywereoftenunhelpful.Forexample,a"horse"wasdefinedinanearlydictionaryas"abeastwellknown".Johnsonchangedallthat,butthetaskwasnotaneasyone.Rentingahouseat17GoughSquare,Johnsonbeganworkingintheworstofconditions.Supportedonlybyhispublisher,JohnsonworkedontheDictionarywithfiveassistants.ComparedtotheFrenchAcademy"sdictionary,whichtookfortyworkersfifty-fiveyearstocomplete(1639-1694),Johnson"sdictionarywascompletedbyveryfewpeopleveryquickly.Balancedonachairwithonlythreelegs,Johnsonsatagainstawallinaroomfilledwithbooks.Johnsonwouldreadwidelyfromthesebooks,markpassagesillustratingtheuseofaparticularword,andgivethebookstohisassistantssothattheycouldcopythepassagesonslipsofpaper.TheseslipswerethenstucktoeightylargenotebooksunderthekeywordsthatJohnsonhadselected.Fixingthewordbythismethod,Johnsoncouldrecordaword，susageanditsdefinition.Howmanypassageswereused?AccordingtoJohnson"smodernbiographerWalterJacksonBate,theoriginaltotalnumbercouldhavebeenover240,000.Howmanywordsweredefinedbythelexicographer?Over40,000wordsappearedintwolargebooksinAprilof1755.DidJohnsonfullyunderstandthehugetaskhewasundertakingwhenhebegan?Ashetoldhiscontemporary biographerJamesBoswell,"IknewverywellwhatIwasundertakingandverywellhowtodoitandhavedoneitverywell."（1）WhatistheproblemofearlyEnglishdictionaries?A.Theyonlyoffersimplepictures.B.Theylistjustafewforeignwords.C.Theysimplygivesometranslations.D.Theyaddnomorethansomebigwords.—（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lexicographer"inparagraph4referto?A.Apublisher.B.Abiographer.C.Amakerofdictionaries.D.Anassistant.（3）WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelJohnsonfromthetext?A.HestandardizedEnglish.B.Hecaredaboutauthorityalot.C.Hegainedmuchfinancialsupport.D.Hecomplainedofworkingconditions.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscusstheproblemsofdictionaries.B.Toencouragepeopletoworkonaproject.C.Topersuadepeopletobuythenewdictionary.D.TointroducehowJohnsoncompletehisdictionary.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Johnson编纂词典的故事。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords可”知，早期英语词典的问题是只是增加了一些难词。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Howmanywordsweredefinedbythelexicographer?中的”关键词defined及联系前后句，可以猜测出这里lexicographer指的是词典编纂者。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.及最”后一段中的SamuelJohnson为词典编纂所作的努力可以推断出，SamuelJohnson使得英语标准化。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了SamuelJohnson在恶劣的条件下编纂词典的。所以本文主要是告诉读者Johnson编纂词典的故事，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解VioletteChilde,67,isadiningcompanionwhohelpsservepatientslunches.Therolewasintroducedtenyearsagobyadietitianconcerningthatsomepatientswerenoteatingtheirmeals."Manyofourpatientsareelderlyandcanbeconfusedbythenoisy,busyenvironmentofthehospitalandsowon"tfocusoneating."explainsYvonneDonglas-Morris,headofvolunteering,whooverseestheactivitiesofall528ofthetrustyvolunteers."Staffarebusywiththeclinicalside ofthings,sothediningcompanionswereintroduced.Theywillassistthepatientsandencouragethemtoeat."Violette,aretiredlibrarymanager,hasbeenhelpingoutforsixyears."Itmakesmefeelabitmorecomplete,"shesayssimply."Helpingwiththemealsfreesupthenursestogetonwithotherthings.Ibelieveinbeingapartofthecommunityandthishospitalispartofmycommunity."Anotherkeyroleisplayedbythedischargevolunteers,whooffersupporttotheelderly,especiallythoseaged70andover-leavinghospitaltoreturntoanemptyhome.Theteamhasabudgetof￡10perpersonandwillpoptotheshopsandbuymilk,breadandamealtotidethemoverforthefirstfewhours.Theythencallthepatientsregularly,foraslongastheyneed,tocheckhowtheyaregettingonandiftheyneedextrasupport.ThevolunteersinKingstonworkfromadedicatedoffice-asmallroominoneofthebuildingsonthehospitalgrounds,whereaChristmastreedecoratedwithbaubles(小饰物)bearingthefacesofvolunteerssitsinthecorner."Allthevolunteerscomeandgatherhere,itgetsverybusyattimes,"smilesNicolaHutin,67,adischargesupportvolunteer.Amotheroftwo,andgrandmotheroffour,shewasamembershipcoordinator(协调员)foratradeassociationuntilsheretired,andhassincevolunteeredatthehospitalonemorningaweekfor18months.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutdiningcompanions?（2）WhatdoesViolettethinkofherwork?（3）Whatdoesadischargevolunteerdoforthepatients?A.Raisemoneyfortheelderly.B.PayavisittothemathomeC.Buydailynecessitiesforthem.D.Ringtochecktheirhealthcondition.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethethemeofthetext?A.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Healthisbetterthanwealth.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，通过讲述志愿者的工作，告诉我们的是"人多力量大"。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Manyofourpatientsareelderlyandcanbeconfusedbythenoisy,busyenvironmentofthehospitalandsowon"tfocusoneating.""我们的许多病人 都是老年人，可能会被医院嘈杂繁忙的环境所迷惑，因此不会集中精力吃饭。"---sothediningcompanionswereintroduced.Theywillassistthepatientsandencouragethemtoeat.""所以介绍了吃饭的同伴。他们会帮助病人，鼓励他们吃东西。"可知，关于用餐同伴，我们能了解到他们的工作环境很嘈杂。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Violette,aretiredlibrarymanager,hasbeenhelpingoutforsixyears.‘Itmakesmefeelabitmorecomplete,Violette是一名退休’”的图书馆经理，她已经帮了六年的忙。"这让我觉得更完整了”，以及“---Ibelieveinbeingapartofthecommunityandthishospitalispartofmycommunity.我相信成为社区”的一份子，而这家医院也是我社区的一份子。可知，Violette觉得她的工作会给她一种归属感。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Theythencallthepatientsregularly,foraslongastheyneed,tocheckhowtheyaregettingonandiftheyneedextrasupport.然后他们会定期给病人”打电话，只要他们需要，检查他们的情况以及是否需要额外的支持。可知，出院志愿者为病人打电话来检查他们的健康状况。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“ThevolunteersinKingstonworkfromadedicatedoffice-asmallroominoneofthebuildingsonthehospitalgrounds,whereaChristmastreedecoratedwithbaubles(小饰物)bearingthefacesofvolunteerssitsinthecorner.的”Kingston志愿者们在一间专门的办公室里工作，这是医院场地上一栋大楼里的一个小房间，角落里有一棵圣诞树，上面装饰着印有志愿者面孔的小玩意。可知，本文告诉我们的是"人多力量大"。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解Losingawalletisoneofthosecarelessactsmostofushavecomeacross,atsomepointortheotherinourlives.Whilemostofustendtomoveonaftermourningoverthelostnecessities,thereareafewluckyoneswhogetthemback,withthehelpofthepoliceorthegenerosityofthepersonwhofindsit.AndthenthereisHunterShamatt,whonotonlygotbackhiswalletbutwithsomeaddedhappinessthatwastaggedalong!Hunterwasonhiswaytoattendhissister"sweddingonaLasVegas-boundflightwhenherealizedthathehasmisplacedhiswallet,sometimeduringthejourney.Hunter"sfamilyreachedouttotheFrontierflighttoenquireifsomeonehadhandeditovertothem.Unfortunately,therewasnosignofthemissingwallet.Butwait.Thestorywasfarfromover.JustaweekafterHunter"ssister"swedding,hereceivedapackageinhismail.Andguesswhat?Therewashiswallet!Surprisingly,thewalletwasnottheonlythingthatwasinsidethepackage.ItalsohadahandwrittennoteforHunterwhichturnedouttobeabonus!Thepieceofpaperread,"Hunter,FoundthisonaFrontierflightfromOmahatoDenver—row12,seatFwedgedbetweentheseatandwall.Thoughtyoumightwantitback.Allthebest.P.S.Iroundedyourcashuptoaneven$100,soyoucouldcelebrategettingyourwalletback. HAVEFUN!!!"Movedbythetouchinggesture,Hunter"smom,JeannieShamatt,decidedtowriteapostonFacebookgivingadetaileddescriptionoftheincident.Shealsourgedeveryonetosharethepostasshewouldliketomeetandgreetthepersonbehindtheactofkindness,personally.Now,thankstotheastonishingpowerofsocialmedia,thepostfinallyreachedthemanbehindthenote.ThemanwasidentifiedasToddBrownanditwasoneofhisco-workerswhomadesureJeannieShamatt"spostreacheshiscolleague.JeannieturnedtoFacebookagaintothankBrownandhisfamilyforrestoringherfaithinhumanity."Itrytoteachmychildrentodotherightthingsinlife,helppeoplewhenyoucanregardlessoftheoutcome.Thisstoryismoreaboutrestoringfaithinpeoplethananything.Wehearalotofbadnewsbutnotenoughgoodnews.IpersonallywanttothankToddBrownandhiswifeforrestoringfaiththatthereareamazingpeopleoutthere."（1）HowdidHunterShamattgethiswalletback?A.ToddBrownsentitback.B.Thepolicemaileditback.C.Hefoundthewalletbyhimself.D.TheFrontierflighthelpedhimgetitback.（2）Whatthingswerefoundinthepackage?A.Awalletandatag.B.Awalletandanote.C.Anoteandatag.D.Amailandatag.（3）HowdidHunter"smomfeelafterreceivingthepackage?A.Touched.B.Uninterested.C.Satisfied.D.Confused.（4）Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconvey?A.Friendship.B.Freedom.C.Kindness.D.Justice.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇叙文，叙述了ToddBrown到Hunter的包，将其寄给Hunter的故事。体了ToddBrown善良，拾金不昧的品。（1）考理解。根据"JustaweekafterHunter"ssister"swedding,hereceivedapackageinhismail.Andguesswhat?Therewashiswallet!⋯Italsohadahandwritten"Hunter,noteFoundthisonaFrontierflightfromOmahatoDenver—row12,seatFwedgedbetweentheseatandwall.Thoughtyoumightwantitback.Allthebest.Now,thanks⋯totheastonishingpowerofsocialmedia,thepostfinallyreachedthemanbehindthenote.ThemanwasidentifiedasToddBrown"可知，ToddBrown到了Hunter的包，然后将它通的方式寄了Hunter。故A。⋯（2）考理解。根据第四段中的"Andguesswhat?Therewashiswallet!Surprisingly,thewalletwasnottheonlythingthatwasinsidethepackage.Italsohadahandwrittennotefor（3）考理解。根据倒数第三段中的"Movedbythetouchinggesture,Hunter"smom,JeannieShamatt,decidedtowriteapostonFacebook"可知，Hunter母被ToddBrown拾金不昧的行感了。故A。 （4）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，文章叙述了ToddBrown捡到Hunter的钱包，将其寄还给Hunter的故事。这个故事体现了ToddBrown善良，拾金不昧的品质。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Althoughtheideaof"zeroemissionnetcarbon-positive,sustainable(可持续)"developmentwaspromotedworldwide,mostcitiesareatalosswhattodoorevensomehaveobjectedtoit.ButinLiuzhou,acityinsouthernChina,attitudescouldnotbemoredifferent.TheLiuzhouMunicipalityUrbanPlanningBureauhassignedupItalianarchitectStefanoBoeri,thefatheroftheforestcitymovement,tobuildaself-containedcommunityforupto30,000people.Heisthego-tomanforsuchprojectsthankstothesuccessofhis"verticalforests",tworesidential(住宅的)towers.Completedin2014,theyremoveupto17.5tonsofsoot(煤烟)fromtheaireachyear,andayearlateroneofthemwasnamedBestTallBuildingWorldwide.TheLiuzhouprojectisamuchmoreambitiousundertaking,however.Itshomes,hospitals,hotels,schoolsandofficeswillbebuiltona340-acresiteinwhatBoericallsthefirstattempttocreatean"urbanenvironmentthatisreallytryingtofindabalancewithnature".Its100speciesofplantlifeareexpectedtoabsorbalmost10,000tonsofcarbondioxideand57tonsofpollutantsperyear,whileatthesametimeproducing900tonsoflife-givingoxygen.Althoughthearchitectshaven"tpublishedthecostoftheforestcity,theMilantowerscostonlyfivepercentmorethantraditionalskyscrapers.TheconstructionofhisforestcityatLiuzhouissettobeginin2020,andthereisstillagreatdealofplanningandresearchrequiredbeforeaprojectedcompletiondatecanbeset.However,Boeriremainsoptimisticabouttheprojectandhasconfidenceinthesoundnessofhisvision:"Ireallythinkthatbringingforestsintothecityisawaytodealwithglobalwarming."（1）What"sLiuzhou"sattitudetowardsthesustainabledevelopment?A.ApprovingB.CautiousC.UnfavorableD.Doubtful（2）WhyisStefanoemployedfortheLiuZhouproject?（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"referto?A.Thearchitects.B.Thetwotowers.C.Forestsinthecity.D.Theresidentsofthecity.（4）What"sthepurposeofLiuZhouproject?A.Toprovidemorejobs.B.Tobringforestintocity.C.Tosolvehouseshortage.D.Toimprovetheenvironment.【答案】（1）A（2）D （3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国南方城市柳州为改善环境，实现可持续发展，将建立一座森林城市。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Althoughtheideaof"Zeroemission,netcarbon-positive,sustainable(可持续‘developmentwaspromotedworldwide,mostcitiesareatalosswhattodoorevensomehaveobjectedtoit.ButinLiuzhou,acityinsouthernChina,attitudescouldnotbemoredifferent.可知，大“多数城市反对，而柳州的态度却截然不同。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Heisthego-tomanforsuchprojectsthankstothesuccessofhis‘verticalforests’,two住宅residential的)towers(.可知”，由于他的“垂直森林”——两座住宅楼的成功，他是此类项目的关键人物。从而推断出，他在类似的项目中积累了经验。故选D。（3）考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“Heisthego-tomanforsuchprojectsthankstothesuccessofhis‘verticalforests’,two住宅residential的)towers(.可”知，they指代前句中的tworesidential(住宅的)towers。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Itshomes,hospitals,hotels,schoolsandofficeswillbebuiltona340-acresiteinwhatBoericallsthefirstattempttocreatean"urbanenvironmentthatisreallytryingtofindabalancewithnature".Its100speciesofplantlifeareexpectedtoabsorbalmost10,000tonsofcarbondioxideand57tonsofpollutantsperyear,whileatthesametimeproducing900tonsoflife-givingoxygen.和”最后一段中的“However,Boeriremainsoptimisticabouttheprojectandhasconfidenceinthesoundnessofhisvision:‘Ireallythinkthatbringingforestsintothecityisawaytodealwithglobalwarming.可知，柳州建造森林’"城市可以减少污染，从而推断出，其项目的目的是改善环境。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Itwasrainy,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn"shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcometoseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.SohereIwas,reluctantlymakingthetwo-hourjourneythroughfogthathunglikeveils.BythetimeIsawhowthickitwasnearthesummit,I"dgonetoofartoturnback.Nothingcouldbeworththis,IthoughtasIinchedalongthedangeroushighway."I"llstayforlunch,butI"mheadingbackdownassoonasthefoglifts,"IannouncedwhenIarrived."ButIneedyoutodrivemetothegaragetopickupmycar,"Carolynsaid,"Couldweatleastdothat?""Howfarisit?"Iasked."Aboutthreeminutes,"shesaid,"I"lldrive—I"musedtoit."Aftertenminutesonthemountainroad,Ilookedatheranxiously."Ithoughtyousaidthree minutes."Shegrinned."Thisisadetour."Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblack-greenevergreenstoweredoverus.Gradually,thepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacomerandstopped—andIgaspedinamazement.Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossthemountainsideandvalleys,wereriversofflowersinnumerouscolors.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.Aseriesofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasignthatread:"AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking."Thefirstanswerwas:"OneWoman—TwoHands,TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain."Thesecondwas:"OneataTime."Thethird:"Startedin1958."Aswedrovehome,Iwassomovedbywhatwehadseen.Icouldscarcelyspeak."Shechangedtheworld."Ifinallysaid,"onebulb(球茎)atatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit."Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego."Imagine,"Isaid,"ifI"dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmightIhaveaccomplished?"Carolynlookedatmesideways,smiling."Starttomorrow,"shesaid."Betteryet,starttoday."（1）Whatwastheweatherlikewhentheauthordrovetovisitherdaughter?A.Itwassnowing.B.Itwasfoggy.C.Itwasfreezing.D.Itwassunny.（2）Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedaughter?A.Shetoldawhitelietohermother.B.Shewasanexperienceddriver.C.Shedidn"tknowthewayverywell.D.Shekneweverythingaboutthewoman.（3）Themotherbegantoenjoyherselfwhen________.A.theyweredrivinginthecarB.theywereatthegarageC.theywereontheirwaybackD.theywerewalkinginthewoods（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheowneroftheproperty?A.Crazyandsilly.B.Determinedandpersistent.C.Braveandcareful.D.Beautifulandcourageous.（5）Whatdoyouthinkthemotherwilldoafterthisvisit?A.Shewilllookafterhergrandchildren.B.Shewillpayasecondvisittothegarden.C.Shewillbegintodosomethingmeaningful.D.Shewillcomeandlivewithherdaughter.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在下雨天受女儿坚持去山顶看风景，去往山顶的过程有些麻烦，但到达山顶后，被山顶的美景所折服。当作者走到一个房子，看到了从 很久之前开始一直存在一个标牌，由此引发了作者感慨：如果有一个愿景，并为此每天坚持一点点，那最终会达到什么。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“SohereIwas,reluctantlymakingthetwo-hourjourneythroughfogthathunglikeveils.可知作者很”不情愿地走了两个小时，穿过像面纱一样悬挂着的雾开车去见自己的女儿。作者开车去见女儿时，是雾天，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Aftertenminutesonthemountainroad,Ilookedatheranxiously.‘Ithoughtyousaidthreeminutes可知.女儿告诉作者’"要走三分钟，结果走了十分钟也没到，再结合下文可知女儿这样做是为了让作者欣赏山上的美景而撒了一个善意的谎言。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.可”知作者和女儿是沿着一条满是老松针的小路走着时，开始欣赏美景，自得其乐的。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段“Thefirstanswerwas:"OneWomanTwoHands,—TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain."Thesecondwas:"OneataTime."Thethird:"Startedin1958."可知这些景色的所有者是一个女人，用两只手，两只脚，加上一点想法，一次一个从1958年开始种植的。可知这个所有人是非常有决心和坚持不懈的。故选B。（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段Carolynlookedatmesideways,smiling."Starttomorrow,"shesaid."Betteryet,starttoday."可知文章的最后Carolyn微笑着看着我。“明天开始，”她说。“更好的是，从今天开始。”结合上文作者的感悟可推理此次参观之后这位母亲会开始做一些有意义的事情。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。