高中英语阅读理解(人物故事)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析.docx 16页

高中英语阅读理解(人物故事)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类1．阅读理解Inthenineteenthcentury,oneofAmerica"sgreatestwriters,WaltWhitman,helpedpeoplelearntovaluepoetry.Whitmancreatedanewkindofpoetry.WaltWhitmanwasbornineighteennineteeninNewYorkCity.Duringhislonglife,hewatchedAmericagrowfromayoungnationtothestrongestindustrialpowerintheworld.Asayoungman,Whitmanworkedasaschoolteacher,aprinterandanewspaperreporter.Hewasthirty-sixyearsoldwhenhepublishedhisfirstbookofpoetryineighteenfifty-five.HecalleditLeavesofGrass.Ithadonlytwelvepoems.Thepoemsarewritteninfreeverse.Thelinesdonotfollowanysetform.Somelinesareshort.Somearelong.Thewordsattheendofeachlinedonothaveasimilarsound.Theydonotrhyme.OneofAmerica"sgreatestthinkersandwritersimmediatelyrecognizedtheimportanceofLeavesofGrass.RalphWaldoEmersonpraisedWhitman"swork.Butmostotherpoetsandwriterssaidnothingandevendenouncedit.MostreadersalsorejectedWhitman"spoems.Thenewformofhispoetrysurprisedmanypeople.EvenhisownbrothertoldWhitmanthatheshouldstopwritingpoetry.ButWhitmanhadmanythingstosay.Andhecontinuedtosaythem.ReadersbegantounderstandthatAmericahadagreatnewpoeticvoice.WaltWhitman"spoemspraisetheUnitedStatesanditsdemocracy.ThepoetexpressedhisloveforAmericaanditspeopleinmanyways.ExpertstodaypraiseLeavesofGrassasamajorliterarywork.Ineighteenseventy-three,WaltWhitmansufferedastroke.HespentthelastyearsofhislifeinCamden,NewJersey.Whitmanwaspoorandweakduringthelastyearsofhislife.Hediedineighteenninety-two.SomecriticssayWaltWhitmanwasaspokesmanfordemocracy.Otherssayhewasnotaspokesmanforanything.Instead,theysimplycallhimagreatpoet.（1）WhatcanweknowaboutWhitman?A.Hispoemshavethesamerhyme.B.HeisthefirstgreatpoetintheUSAC.Hehelpedpeopletocreatenewpoems.D.Hispoemsshowhisloveforhiscountry.（2）WhywasLeavesofGrassrefusedatfirst?（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"denounced"inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Accused.B.Downloaded.C.Published.D.Translated.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WaltWhitman—aGreatSoldierB.WaltWhitman—anUnfortunatePoetC.WaltWhitmanandLeavesofGrassD.TheFirstandGreatestPoetinAmerica 【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物介绍，介绍了美国著名的诗人WaltWhitman以及他的代表作《草叶集》。（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“WaltWhitman"spoemspraisetheUnitedStatesanditsdemocracy.ThepoetexpressedhisloveforAmericaanditspeopleinmanyways.”WaltWhitman的诗赞美美国及其民主。这位诗人以多种方式表达了他对美国及其人民的热爱。可知选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thenewformofhispoetrysurprisedmanypeople.”他的新诗形式使许多人感到惊讶，故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Butmostotherpoetsandwriterssaidnothingandevendenouncedit.”可知，人们不接受WaltWhitman的诗集，可推知denounced可能是“指责，批评”之意，选A。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了美国著名作家WaltWhitman以及他的代表作《草叶集》，并围绕《草叶集》的开始不被接受到最后的大受欢迎展开，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解ItwasatleasttwomonthsbeforeChristmaswhennine-year-oldRosetoldherfatherandmethatshewantedanewbicycle.AsChristmasdrewnearer,herdesireforabicycleseemedtofade---orsowethought,asshedidn"tmentionitagain.WeboughtthelatestfashionableBabySitter"sClubdolls,aholidaydressandsomebeautifulstorybooks.Then,muchtooursurprise,onDecember23rd,sheproudlyannouncedthatshe"reallywantedabikemorethananythingelse."Itwasjusttoolate,whatwithallthedetailsofpreparingChristmasdinnerandbuyinglast-minutegifts.Wecouldonlythinkofthebicycleandthedisappointmentofourchild."WhatifImakealittlebicycleoutofclayandwriteanotethatshecouldtradetheclaymodelinforarealbike?"Herdadasked.Thetheory,ofcourse,beingthatsincethatisahigh-ticketitemandsheis"suchabiggirl",itwouldbemuchbetterforhertopickitout.Sohespentthenextfivehourspainstakinglyworkingwithclaytomakeatinybike.Threehourslater,onChristmasmorning,wewereexcitedforRosetoopenthelittleheart-shapedpackagewiththebeautifulredandwhiteclaybikeandthenote.Finally,sheopeneditandreadthenotealoud.Shelookedatmeandthenatherdadandsaid,"sodoesthismeanthatItradeinthisbikethatDaddymademeforarealone?"Beaming,Isaid,"Yes." Rosehadtearsinhereyeswhenshereplied,"IcouldnevertradeinthisbeautifulbicyclethatDaddymademe.I"dratherkeepthisthangetarealbike."Atthatmoment,wewouldhavemovedheavenandearthtobuyhereverybicycleontheplanet!（1）Rose"sparentsdidn"tbuyherthebikeshewantedbecause______.A.theyhadboughtmanyotherwonderfulthingsforherB.theythoughtshehadchangedhermindC.theydidn"thavetimetodoanyshoppingD.theydecidedtomakeoneforher（2）WhydidDadmaketheclaybicycle?A.HethoughtRosewastooyoungforarealbike.B.Hedidn"twanttodisappointhisdaughter.C.Hethoughthisdaughterwouldlikeit.D.Hewantedtogivehisdaughterasurprise.（3）Fromthestory,weknowthat______.A.Rose"sfatherwasanartistwithspecialskillsB.RosewouldtradeintheclaybikeforarealoneC.TheparentsweremovedandproudofthegirlD.Rosewasathoughtfulandindependentgirl【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Rose希望圣诞节收到一辆自行车。父母没有给她买自行车，因为他们认为Rose可能对自行车失去了兴趣，为了满足女儿的愿望，爸爸决定给她做个粘土的自行车让她去换个新的，但是Rose决定保留这个粘土自行车，不要新的自行车。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"AsChristmasdrewnearer,herdesireforabicycleseemedtofade---orsowethought,asshedidn"tmentionitagain.可知，作者夫妻俩认为Rose买自行车的愿望褪去了，所以没给她买。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Wecouldonlythinkofthebicycleandthedisappointmentofourchild"可推知，作者夫妻因为没有帮女儿实现圣诞节的愿望而内疚，为了不让Rose失望，决定做一个黏土自行车模型先送给Rose，之后Rose可以用它来兑换一辆真正的自行车。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Atthatmoment,wewouldhavemovedheavenandearthtobuyhereverybicycleontheplanet!作”者夫妇愿意竭尽全力给Rose买自行车"可推知：这对父母亲为女儿的行为而感到并觉得自豪。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解 InearlyFebruary2019,51-year-oldRainerSchimpfandhisteamsetouttofilmSouthAfrica"sSardineRunoffthecoastofPointElizabethSardineRun,theannualmigration(迁徙)ofbillionsofsardines(asmallseafish),isabigdrawforlargepredators,especiallythedolphinandwhale.Predatorsareanimalsthatkillandeatotheranimals.Inanattempttoobtainthebestimagesoftheincrediblenaturalphenomenon,Rainerdivedintothemiddleofaspinningballoffish.Suddenlytheseamovedaroundviolently,andtheexperienceddiverandhisphotographerHeinzToperczer,whowasfilmingfromtheboat,instantlyrealizedsomethingstrangewasgoingon.Suddenlydolphinsshotoutofthewater,awhitespraycameoutandthenawhaleappearedandgraspedRainerWhileToperczerwasfilmingtheterrifyingturnofeventswithhisvideocamera,Rainer,whowastrappedhadfirstandengulfed(吞噬)indarknessinsidethewhalesmouth,wastryingtosurvive.Nothingcanactuallyprepareyoufortheeventwhenyouendupinsidethepureinstinct(本能),"thedivertoldBarcroftTV."Knowinginthewhale"smouth,Itriedtocontrolmyfear.ButIwasconvincedthatitwasgoingtodivedownandreleasememuchdeeperintheocean.""Thewhalequicklyrealizedhewasnosardine!Asthewhaleturnedsideways,heopenedhismouthslightlytoreleaseme,andIwaswashedout,togetherwithwhatfeltliketonsofwater,ofhismouth,"recalledRainer.Thoughtheentireincidentlastedjust1.8seconds,itfeltlikeayeartoRainer.Stillholdinghisunderwatercamerainhishand,thediverswamtohisboat,wherehewasquicklyrescuedbythemembersoftheteam.TheterribleadventuredidnotdisturbRainerfortoolong.Aftercheckingtoensurehehadnoinjuries,thediverreturnedtothewatertoseekoutmore.（1）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?（2）WhatanimalsdoesSardineRunappealtomost?A.seagull.B.Seals.C.Dolphins.D.tortoises.（3）WhatdidRainerprobablydofirstonceinthewhalesmouth?（4）Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatRainerwasvery_______.A.intelligentB.generousC.flexibleD.fortunate【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，51岁的Rainer在南非的海域拍摄沙丁鱼迁徙过程中。从鲸鱼口中死里逃生。（1）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文讲述了51岁的Rainer在南非的海域拍摄一年一度的沙丁鱼迁徙过程中从鲸鱼口中死里逃生的经历，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"theannualmigration(迁徙)ofbillionsofsardines(asmallseafish),isabigdrawforlargepredators,especiallythedolphinandwhale."可知，沙丁鱼迁徙最吸引海豚和鲸鱼，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Itriedtocontrolmyfear."可知，一开始，Rainer一定是惊慌失措的，故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后两段可知，鲸鱼意识到自己吞入的不是沙丁鱼后，把Rainer连同几吨水给吐了出来，Rainer竟然毫发无损地死里逃生，由此可知，Rainer非常幸运，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解I"dliketosharealittlestorywithyouaboutsomethingthathappenedwhenIwasfour.Irememberitclearly.Ourlovingfamilydogwasnearingtheendofhislife.Myfatherpickedhimupandputhiminalittlebedwehadmadeforhim.Ourdog,mycompanion,whomwehadcaredfor,bitmyfatherwhenheattemptedtohelphim.Howcouldhe?Why?Icouldn"tunderstandit.Ididn"tlikehimanymore.Ihadn"tthoughtaboutthatstoryforalongtimebutsomethingthathappenedlastweekbroughtitbacktome.Iwenttospeakwithafriend.WhenIknockedonthedoor,Imetinaninstantanangrylookandafewharsh(尖刻的)words.Whenthedoorwasslammed(砰地关上)inmyface,Istoodthereshocked,andinarush,Iwasremindedofmydogbitmyfather20yearsagoorso.Whatbroughtthatstorybackwasthatsamefeelingofbetrayal.Bothstoriestaughtmesomethingthenextday.Yousee,whenIgotupinthemorningandwastoldmydoghaddied,itbecamecleartomethathemusthavebeeningreatpain.Forhimtohavebittenafamilymember,hecouldnothavebeenhimself.MuchthesamefortheotherstorywhenIlearnedthatmyfriend"swifehadjustlefthim.Weareallbeingsofourenvironments,ouropinionsandfeelings.Andallofthosethingscancauseyoutosayanddothingsthatcan"tbeunderstoodbythosewhoarenotinthesamesituationwithyou.Ifyoumeetsomeoneeitherbehavingoutofcharacteroractinginawaythatdoesn"tseemtofitthesituation,putoutyourhandandbepatientwhenyouthinkitisleastpossibleforhimtodoso.Youmayturnaroundastorythathasasadendingsimplybyyouractions.（1）WhatistheinfluenceoftheincidentmentionedinParagraph1?A.Ithurthisfather"sfeelingdeeply.B.Ithaspuzzledtheauthoreversince. C.Itleftadeepimpressionontheauthor.D.Itmadetheauthordislikedogs.（2）Whydidtheauthor"sfriendsayharshwordstotheauthor?（3）What"stheauthor"sadvicetous?A.Helpthoseinneed.B.Lookbeforeyouleap.C.Respectforothersisakindofvirtue.D.Learntoputyourselfinothers"shoes.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者朋友因为失去妻子很痛苦以不友好的态度对待作者，使作者想起了20年前狗狗咬了父亲这件事情，从两件事情中得出了一个道理：很多因素都会影响人的行为，所以最后总结出，当我们看到别人出乎意料的行为的时候，要以理解的态度耐心的对待他人。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I"dliketosharealittlestorywithyouaboutsomethingthathappenedwhenIwasfour．Irememberitclearly，”可知作者对这件事情的印象很深刻，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“MuchthesamefortheotherstorywhenIlearnedthatmyfriend"swifehadjustlefthim，”可知作者的朋友因为失去了妻子而内心很痛苦所以才会用这样的不友好的态度对待作者，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“bepatientwhenyouthinkitisleastpossibleforhimtodoso”，可知当看到别人出乎意料的举动的时候，不要责怪，要耐心地理解他们，用最好的方式去对待，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解WilburandOrvilleWrightwerethetwoyoungestsonsofBishopMiltonWright,WilburwasbornonafarmnearMillvilleandOrvillewasborninAugustinthehousethefamilywouldcometooccupyformorethan40yearsinDayton.OrvillewoulddiscoverinlateryearsthatheandWilbur"sfirstinterestsinflightbeganwhentheywerechildren,withpoweredrubber-band-helicoptertoysthattheirfatherwouldbringhomeforthemfromtripsaroundthecountry.OrvilleandWilburwouldbuildduplicates（复制品）ofthesetoysandbouncethemofftheceiling.Theywerejustcrazyaboutthesethingsforthereasonsthattheydidnotyetunderstand. Bothboyslovedtosolveproblemsthatseemeddifficulttoothers.Themoredifficulttheproblemwas,themoretheysawitasachallenge.ExploringtheunknownwassuchajoyforthenthatOrvilleoncesaid,"IcanrememberwhenWilburandIcouldhardlywaitforthemorningtocometogetatsomethingthatinterestedus.That"shappiness."Puttingtheirgifttowork,theboysenteredtheprintingbusinesssoonafterhighschool.Orvilledesignedandthenbuiltaprintingpress（印刷机）forthisenterprise.Atfirst,theydidcontractprintingforotherpeople,andsoononeoftheircustomersduringtheearly1890swasFatherMilton"schurch.Theyalsotriedthenewspaperbusiness,andalthoughtheirtwonewspapers,theWestSideNewsandTheEveningItemwereconsideredtobeofhighquality,Daytonalreadyhaddailynewspapers,sotheWrightssoonreturnedtocontractprinting.Branchingoutintootherareas,theyalsoopenedabicyclebusiness.Bicyclingwasthefastestgrowingsportinthecountryatthattime,andtheirrepairshopsoonledthemintobuildingbicyclesoftheirowndesign,oftenwithtoolsoftheirownconstruction,suchasthelathe（车床）drivenbyaone-cylindergasolineenginebuiltbyOrville.Thebicycleshopwouldprovidethelivelihood（生计）thatwouldallowthemtocarryouttheirexperimentsonairplanes.（1）WhatmayinspireWilburandOrvilleWrighttobekeenonflightinchildhood？A.Theirexperiencesoftakingaflight.B.Theirwishestotravelbyplane.C.Thetoystheirfatherbroughtforthem.D.Theirinterestinduplicatingtoys.（2）WhatkindofchildrenweretheWrightbrothers？A.Enthusiasticandcurious.B.Quietandmodes.C.Naughtybutclever.D.Stubbornbutcareful（3）WhatbusinessdidWilburandOrvilleentershortlyafterhighschool？A.Thetoybusiness.B.Theprintingbusiness.C.Thelathebusiness.D.Thebicyclebusiness.（4）Whatwillpossiblybediscussedfollowingthistext？A.Whoguidedthemalotontheirwaytosuccess.B.Whattroubletheywouldmeetintheirbusiness.C.Whytheyclosedtheirbicycleshopsuddenly.D.Howthetwobrothersbegantoinventplanes.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了莱特兄弟是怎样的发明飞机的过程。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Orvillewoulddiscoverinlateryearsthatheand Wilbur"sfirstinterestsinflightbeganwhentheywerechildren，withpoweredrubber-band-helicoptertoysthattheirfatherwouldbringhomeforthemfromtripsaroundthecountry奥维尔后来发现他和威尔伯对飞行第一次兴趣是从他们小时候开始的，由于他们的父亲从乡村给他们带回家的，用橡皮筋为动力的直升机玩具，可知选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Theywerejustcrazyaboutthesethingsforthereasonsthattheydidnotyetunderstand他们只是”因为他们还不明白的原因而对这些事情疯狂；和第三段中的“Bothboyslovedtosolveproblemsthatseemeddifficulttoothers.Themoredifficulttheproblemwas，themoretheysawitasachallenge两个男孩都”喜欢解决别人觉得困难的问题。问题越难，他们就越觉得这是一个挑战可推出选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Puttingtheirgifttowork,theboysenteredtheprintingbusinesssoonafterhighschool.把他们的天赋投”入工作中，孩子们高中毕业后不久就进入了印刷业。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Thebicycleshopwouldprovidethelivelihood（生计）thatwouldallowthemtocarryouttheirexperimentsonairplanes自行车”店将提供生计，允许他们在飞机上进行实验，可知选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解Ifwewanttofindoutwhatkindoftechnologypeopleusedinthepast,wenormallyhavetorelyonarchaeologiststofindruinedbuildingsandpartsoftoolsorinstrumentsormachines.Archaeologiststhentrytoreconstruct,sometimeswiththehelpofcomputertechnology,whattheseancientbuildingsandobjectsmusthavelookedlike,andhowtheymighthavebeenmade.Sometimeshistoriansareluckyandfindanancientdocumentwithawrittendescriptionoftheseancientbuildingsandobjects.Wecanunderstand,then,whyChinesehistoriansweresoexcitedwhentheyfoundcavepaintingswhichshowancientscience.Theyfoundthesepaintingsintheworld-renownedMogaoGrottoesofDunhuangCity,inNorthwestChina"sGansuProvince.Thereare500man-madecavesandtheyhavesurvivedforatleast1,600years.Almostallofthesecaveshavepaintingsontheirceilingsorwallsandtheydatefromthe4thto14thcenturies.WangJinyuisanexpertonthesecavepaintings(alsocalledfrescoes)andhesays:"Wediscoveredfrescoescontainingscientificandtechnologicalcontentinalmostallofthecaveswhichhavefrescoes."WhatisremarkableaboutthesecavepaintingsaccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyisthattheyprovideevidenceof"scientificandtechnologicalinventionsbyancientChineseinmaths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,trafficandtransportation,armsandmilitaryequipmentandmedicalsciences".Amongthediscoveriesexpertshavemadearecavepaintingsshowingancienttechniquesofpotterymakingandwineproductionandpaintingsshowingancientweavingmachinesandthen toothbrushes!Thepaintingsalsogivesomeevidenceofthelifestyleatthetimewith,forexample,picturesofpeopleboilingmilkover1,000yearsago.Expertsbelievethatthereismoreevidencetobefound,butevennowthecavesareawonderfulnaturalmuseum.Ifthewallsandceilingsofthecaveswereallputtogethertheywouldformatapestry20kilometerslongand2metershigh!Itwon"tbepossibletotravelbackintime-thatonlyhappensinfilms-butvisitingthesecaveswouldbethenearestexperienceyoucouldgettotravellingbackintime.（1）WhywereChinesehistoriansexcitedwhentheyfoundcavepaintingsshowingancientscience?（2）TheMogaoGrottoesofDunhuangCity______.（3）Expertshaddiscoveredcavepaintingsshowingtheancienttechniquesof______.A.potterymakingandwineproductionB.weavingmachinesandtoothbrushesC.boilingmilkover1,000yearsagoD.architectureandweaving（4）Thearticleismorelikelytobeselectedfromthemagazine______.A.ModernCountriesB.BusinessWorldC.NetworkWorldD.PopularScience【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家们在中国甘肃的敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"WhatisremarkableaboutthesecavepaintingsaccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyisthattheyprovideevidenceof"scientificandtechnologicalinventionsbyancientChineseinmaths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,trafficandtransportation,armsandmilitaryequipmentandmedicalsciences"可知，这些壁画为中国古代在数学、物理、化学、天文，地理、建筑以及农学等领域的科技发明提供了证据，由此可知科学家们对此感到很兴奋的原因是他们可以通过这些壁画了解古代的科学，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Thereare500man-madecavesandtheyhavesurvivedforatleast1,600years."可知，敦煌莫高窟有500个人工洞穴，故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Amongthediscoveriesexpertshavemadearecavepaintingsshowingancienttechniquesofpotterymakingandwineproductionandpaintings"可知，科学家发现壁画中展示了古代制陶和酿酒技术，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画，这属于科学范畴，因此文章最有可能出自科学杂志，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解Generallyspeaking,peoplelikethosewhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.Sometimesatouchofhumormightwellenableustowin.Considerthecaseofayoungfriendofmine,whohitatrafficjamonhiswaytoworkshortlyafterreceivinganultimatum(最后通牒)aboutbeinglateonthejob.AlthoughtherewasagoodreasonforBrian"sbeinglate—seriousillnessathome—hedecidedthatthisby-now-familiarexcusewouldn"tworkanylonger.Hisbosswasprobablyalreadypacingupanddownpreparingadismissalspeech.Yes,thebosswas,asBrianenteredtheofficeat9:35.Theplacewasasquietasalockerroom(更衣室):everyonewashardatwork.Brian"sbosscameuptohim.Suddenly,Brianforcedasmileandstretchedouthishand."Howdoyoudo!"hesaid."I"mBrian.I"mapplyingforajob,which,Iunderstand,becameavailablejust35minutesago.Doesn"ttheearlybirdgettheworm?"Theroomexplodedinlaughter.Thebossclampedoffasmileandwalkedbacktohisoffice.Brianhadsavedhisjob,withtheonlytoolthatcouldwin—alaugh.Humorisamosteffective,yetfrequentlyneglectedmeansofhandlingthedifficultsituationsinourlives.Itcanbeusedforpatchingupdifferences,apologizing,saying"no",criticizing,gettingtheotherfellowtodowhatyouwantwithouthislosingface.Forsomejobs,it"stheonlytoolthatcansucceed.Itisawaytodiscusssubjectssosensitivethatseriousdialogmaystartaquarrel.Forexample,manybelievethatcomediansontelevisionaredoingmoretodayforracialandreligioustolerance(忍受力)thanpeopleinanyotherforum.（1）Brianwaslateforhisjobbecause________.A.hegotuplateB.hewasseriouslyillC.hewascaughtinatrafficjamD.hewasbusyapplyingforanewjob（2）Whatcanweinferabouthumor?A.Itistheearlybird.B.Itisimportantinourlives.C.Brianoftensavedhisjobwithhumor.D.Itcansolveracialdiscriminations.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"clampedoff"inParagraph3referto?A.chargeB.triedtosetC.gaveupD.triedtoholdback（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Manypeoplelackinasenseofhumor.B.Brianwassupposedtoarriveathisofficeat8:30.C.Itwasn"tthefirsttimethatBriancamelateforwork.D.Humoristhemostinterestingwayofsolvingproblems.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D （4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，上班族Brian因为遇到了交通阻塞上班迟到，而在此之前他已经收到了迟到的最后通牒，因此这次很可能被辞退。当他在9：35分时走进办公室，他的老板走向了他，突然，布莱恩强颜欢笑，伸出手来。"你好!""他说。"我是布莱恩。我正在申请一份工作，据我所知，这份工作在35分钟前才开始招聘。早起的鸟儿有虫吃吗?"于是办公室都爆发出了笑声，他通过一点幽默化解了这次危机。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Considerthecaseofayoungfriendofmine,whohitatrafficjamonhiswaytoworkshortlyafterreceivinganultimatum(最后通牒)aboutbeinglateonthejob.可知”Brian上班迟到是因为遇到了交通阻塞，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Brianhadsavedhisjob,withtheonlytoolthatcouldwin—alaugh.可”知布莱恩保住了他的工作，用的是唯一能赢的工具——笑声。即可推测幽默在生活中是很重要的，故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Theroomexplodedinlaughter.Thebossclampedoffasmileandwalkedbacktohisoffice.可”知房间里哄堂大笑，因此老板也是只能强忍住笑，走回他的办公室。故可知划线部分单词意思为"努力忍住；抑制住"，故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Considerthecaseofayoungfriendofmine,whohitatrafficjamonhiswaytoworkshortlyafterreceivinganultimatum(最后通牒)aboutbeinglateonthejob.可”知Brian在上班路上遇到了交通堵塞，就在他收到上班迟到的最后通牒后不久。可知这不是Brian第一次上班迟到了，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解WhenKatieStaglianowas9yearsold,shewasgivenaclassprojecttogrowherfirstcabbagefromjustoneseed.Shetookithomeandplanteditinherhomegarden.Itdidn"teventakeherlongtocomeupandbegintogrow.Butasfriendscameover,theypointedoutthatitwasbiggerthananyoftheirs.Anditgrewsomuchthatthecabbageendedupweighing40pounds!Katiethendecidedthatshecouldusethiscabbagetodosomethingniceforthecommunity.Soshetookthehugecabbagetoalocalsoupkitchen,wheretheyusedit,andcookeditwithhamandrice.Andbecauseofhercabbage,275peoplewerefed.Shebegantorealizethatgardeningandhelpingpeopleiswhatshelikestodomost.So,shedecidedtostartherfirstgardenonaplotoflanddonatedbyherschool."Ithinkifmorekidsgettoexperiencegardeningtheywouldfindouthowcoolitisandhowmanypeoplecanbefedifyoudonateyourproduce,"saidKatie.Now,just9yearslater,Katieis18yearsold,andhassetupherownbusinesscalled"Katie"sKrops"withthehelpofherfamilyfriends.Butthisdoesn"tevencomeclosetotheotheramazingpart.Shehasraisedover200,000dollars!Andthereareover100Katie"sKropswithin33statesintheUnitedStates.Shelovesgardeningandlovesinspiringotherchildrentoexperiencethejoyofgardeningaswell.Asoftoday,herfirst gardenisstilldoingamazingandisevenresponsibleforsupplyingover3,000poundsofproducedonatedtolocalcharities.Hergoalnow?Toget500gardensacrossall50states.（1）HowdidKatiedealwithherfirstcabbage?A.sharingitwithhercommunity.B.Presentingittotheschoolkitchen.C.Eatingitwithherfamily.D.Givingittoherfriends.（2）WhatinspiredKatietohelpothersbygardening?A.Thesupportfromherschool.B.Thegardeningandsharingexperience.C.Theencouragementofcommunity.D.Theadmirationofherfriends.（3）WhydoesKatiesuggestmorechildrenlearntogarden?A.Shethinksgardeningiscool.B.Sheneedsmorepeopletohelpher.C.Shehopestoearnmoremoney.D.Shewantsthemtoexperiencethejoy.（4）Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebriefintroductionofKatie"sKrops.B.Theamazingbenefitsofgardening.C.Katie"sachievementandfutureaim.D.Thejoyofgardeninganddonation.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Katie小时候体验到了种植和利用种出来的作物帮助别人的乐趣，因此开启了她的慈善事业。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Katiethendecidedthatshecouldusethiscabbagetodosomethingniceforthecommunity.Soshetookthehugecabbagetoalocalsoupkitchen,wheretheyusedit,andcookeditwithhamandrice.Andbecauseofhercabbage,275peoplewerefed.”可知，Katie用这个大白菜为社区做了一些事情，把大白菜送去一个当地的流动厨房，在那里供275个人食用，故可知，她把大白菜与人分享，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Shebegantorealizethatgardeningandhelpingpeopleiswhatshelikestodomost.可”知，园艺和帮助别人是自己最喜欢做的事情，因而开启了她的慈善生涯，故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Shelovesgardeningandlovesinspiringotherchildrentoexperiencethejoyofgardeningaswell.可知，她喜欢园艺”，喜欢激发其他孩子会体验园艺带来的乐趣，故选D。（4）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“Shehasraisedover200,000dollars!Andthereareover100Katie"sKropswithin33statesintheUnitedStates.可知，筹集了超过”20万美元，在美国33个州有超过100个Katie"sKrops。再根据本段中的“Hergoalnow?Toget500gardensacrossall50states.可知，本”段讲述了的慈善事业的成就以及未来的目标，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，概括，从而选出正确答案。9．阅读理解High-WireAct MickeyWilsonhadbeenonthemountainonlyafewsecondswhenheheardthescream.Wilson,28yearsold,hadjustgottenoffthecablecar(索道缆车)attheArapahoeBasinSkiAreainKeystone,Colorado,alongwithhisfriendsBillySimmonsandHansMueller.TheirfriendRichardhadbeenonthecablecaraheadofthem,butwhenthemenreachedthetopofthelift,hehaddisappeared.Themenwalkedtowardthesourceofthescreamandfoundskiersstoppedontheslope,pointingtothecablecar.Andthenthefriendsscreamedtoo."Oh,Richard!"yelledMueller.WhenRichardhadtriedtojumpoffthecablecar,hisbackpackhadbeencaughtinthechair,whichthendraggedhimbackdownthehill.Intheprocess,thebackpackbelttwistedaroundhisneck,makinghimbreathless.NowRichard"sbodywasswingingfourfeetabovethesnow.Thecablecaroperatorhadquicklystoppedit,andthefriendskickedofftheirskisandrantowardthescene.TheymadeahumanpyramidtotrytoreachRichard,buttheunconsciousmanwastoofarofftheground.Withtheclockticking,Wilsonrantotheladderofanearbylifttower.Scaredskierswatchedashestruggledthe25feet.Afterhereachedthetop,Wilson"sfirstchallengewastoclimbontothetwo-inchsteelcablethatheldthechairs.Hehandledthebalanceandheightbravely,butheknewhecouldnotwalkonthecable.Therefore,hecalmeddownandsatoveritandthenusedhishandstopullhimselftoRichardquickly.Wilson"sgreatestfearwasn"tthathe"dfall,butthathewouldn"treachRichard."Thiswaslifeordeath,"hesaid.WhenhereachedRichard"schair,Wilsonswungalegoverthecableandattemptedtodropdownontoit.Butashedidthat,hisjacketcaughtonthemovablefootrest,whichwasintheupposition.Thefootrestbegantoslidedown,withWilsonattached.Butbeforethatcouldhappen,hemanagedtofreehimselfandreachedRichard.Fortunately,theskipatrol(巡查)hadgatheredbelowandperformedemergencytreatmentonRichard,whohadbeenhangingforaboutfiveminutes,thenskiedhimdowntoanambulance.Thatnight,RichardcalledfromthehospitaltoexpresshisthankstoWilson,hisotherfriendsandtheworkersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArea.（1）WhathappenedtoRichardwhenhetriedtojumpoffthecablecar?（2）HowdidRichardsurvive?A.Peopleworkedtogetherandsavedhim.B.Wilsonclimbedonthecableandsavedhim.C.Theskipatrolgothimdownandtreatedhim.D.Skierstreatedhimandcarriedhimtothehospital.（3）Theauthorwrotethefourthparagraphtoshowthat.A.therescueprocesswasdangerousB.somethingwaswrongwiththecablecarC.WilsoncouldmanagetheprocessverywellD.theoperatorofthecablecarignoredhisduty （4）ThestoryattheArapahoeBasinSkiAreamainlytellsus.A.itisverydangeroustogoskiingB.hethatclimbshighoftenfallsheavilyC.braveryandcalmcanhelpyoumakeadifferenceD.apersonwithagreattalentalwayshasgreatwill-power【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇叙文，MickeyWilson和他的两个朋友乘坐索道上山的程中，其中一个朋友出了事故。在那个万分急的刻MickeyWilson不身地去救人。（1）考理解。根据第三段中的"WhenRichardhadtriedtojumpoffthecablecar,hisbackpackhadbeen⋯swingingfourfeetabovethesnow"可知，背包住了Richard的脖子把他在半空，也他呼吸困。故D。（2）考理解。根据最后一段中的“Thatnight,RichardcalledfromthehospitaltoexpresshisthankstoWilson,hisotherfriendsandtheworkersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArea.那天晚上，Richard从医院打表达Wilson，其他朋友和ArapahoeBasinSkiArea的工作人感，可知，Wilson，otherfriends和workersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArea都他施以援手,是他的共同努力救了他。故A。（3）考推理判断。根据第四段“WhenhereachedRichard"schair,Wilsonswungalegoverthecableandattemptedtodropdownontoit.Butashedidthat,hisjacketcaughtonthemovablefootrest,whichwasintheupposition.Thefootrestbegantoslidedown,withWilsonattached.Butbeforethatcouldhappen,hemanagedtofreehimselfandreachedRichard.当威”触到理德的椅子，他把一条腿甩，跳到上面。但是当他那做的候，他的克被活脚踏板挂住了。脚踏板在上面，然后挂着威开始向下滑。但他及自己脱困境，到了理德，段主要描述了Wilson救人的，且面惊，稍有不慎可能威自己也会受，所以段描写主要突出救人的危。故A。（4）考推理判断。根据文章大意可知，Wilson能在那个危急刻去求Richard表他的勇敢；在5分内能想到可行的方法，明Richard乱不惊，沉着冷静。上所述，面危勇敢，冷静才能化夷。故C。【点】本考点涉及理解和推理判断两个型的考，是一篇故事，考生需要准确捕捉信息，并根据上下文行推理，从而出正确答案。10．理解Formanyfamilies,anightattheballparkisatreat.Butitcanbeaterribleexperienceforthosewithautistic(自症的)children,whoaresensitivetolightandnoiseandusuallybecomeupsetandscared.Forthesefamilies,fearofhowtheirchildwillreacttonewsituations-andhowotherswillreacttothem-keepsthemfromgainingeverydayexperiencesothersgettohave. Dr.WendyRosswasheartbrokentoseethat.Thepediatrician(儿科医生)inPhiladelphiaalsoknewthatseparationfromthecommunitydidn"tserveherpatientswellinthelongrun."Ifkidsarenotinthecommunity,buildingtheirskillsfromveryyoungages,thenthere"snoreasontoexpectthemtobeindependentoneday,"Rosssaid."It"sasocialdisability.Itneedstobeaddressedinasocialsetting."Soin2007,Rosssetouttodojustthat.Today,hernonprofit,AutismInclusionResources,helpsfamiliesaffectedbyautismdealwithchallengingsocialsituations,suchassportingevents,airporttravelandmuseumvisits.ManyMajorLeagueBaseballteamsholdannual44autismawarenessnights",whentheytaketemporarymeasuressuchasloweringthevolume(音量)onthepublicaddresssystem.ButRosswantedtodomore."Youcan"tturndownthevolumeoftheworld,"Rosssaid."It"snicetodoitforonenight,butourgoalisforfamiliestobeabletogotoagameonanynight."Tothatend,RosspartneredwiththePhiladelphiaPhilliestodevelopacreativeprogram.ShearmedallthePhilliesplayersandgame-daystaffwithknowledgeaboutautismandhowtointeractwithindividualswhohavethedisorder.Eachfamilyisalsoprovidedaclinicianatthegamewhogivesadditionalsupportifproblemsarise.Shealsohelpspreparethefamiliesfortheevent.Rosshasalsofoundherairporttravelprogramtobesuccessfulforfamilies.Usingthesameprinciples,shetrainsairlineandsecuritystaffatmajorairportsandthenguidesfamiliesthroughthetravelexperience,includingcheckingin,goingthroughsecurityandboardingaplane.Rosshopesthatthetoolsshegivesfamiliescanhelpthemexploreothersettingsontheirown."Wereallyseeitasasteppingstonetoabrighterfuture,"shesaid.（1）AccordingtoRoss,whatdoesasocialdisabilitymean?A.Fearinglightandnoise.B.Lackingsocialexperience.C.Havingtorelyonothersforhelp.D.Beingseparatedfromthecommunity.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"domore",imply?（3）WhatisthePhiladelphiaPhillies?A.Abaseballteam.B.Abaseballgame.C.Ateamofclinicians.D.Familieswithautisticchildren.（4）WhatisthepurposeofRoss"sairporttravelprogram?A.Tohelpfamiliestolearnaboutairtravel.B.Toteachairportstaffknowledgeaboutautism.C.Toteachautisticchildrenhowtotravelbyair.D.Tohelpautisticchildrengetusedtosocialsituations.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A （4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，儿科医生Dr.WendyRoss为了让深受自闭症折磨的孩子和家庭能够顺利融入社会而做出的卓有成效的努力。（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Ifkidsarenotinthecommunity,buildingtheirskillsfromveryyoungages,thenthere"snoreasontoexpectthemtobeindependentoneday,"以及"It"sasocialdisability.Itneedstobeaddressedinasocialsetting."一句中解释了asocialdisability的概念:无法独立,只能依靠别人的帮助。故选C。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的”It"snicetodoitforonenight,butourgoalisforfamiliestobeabletogotoagameonanynight.可知Ross并不是“只想举办一场特殊的比赛,而是想让患有自闭症的孩子们每个晚上都能观看比赛。由此可知"domore意为:为自闭症孩子提供正常比赛。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的"partneredwiththePhiladelphiaPhillies"及第八段中的”ShearmedallthePhilliesplayers..."可知PhiladelphiaPhillies应该是一支棒球队伍。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的""...helpsfamiliesaffectedbyautismdealwithchallengingsocialsituations,suchassportingevents,airporttravelandmuseumvisits"；以及倒数第二段中的"Rosshasalsofoundherairporttravelprogramtobesuccessfulforfamilies.Usingthesameprinciples..."可知,让患自闭症的儿童去机场也是使这些儿童适应社会环境。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。