广东省天河区高考英语语法二轮复习：阅读理解精讲精炼09含答案 9页

阅读理解精讲精炼0936.Havinggoodetiquette（礼节）attheworkplaceisveryimportanttobeafavoriteinanoffice.However,it"sobservedthatmanypeoplearen"tawareoftheworkplaceetiquetteandthiscreatesaverybadimpressionintheoffice.Soit"simportanttoknowsomeworkplaceetiquettetips.Amongalltheworkplaceetiquetteguidelines,themostimportantistobepunctualtoyouroffice.Thoughgoinglateduetoanemergencyisokay,habituallatecomersareneverappreciatedinanyorganization.Byarrivingatyourofficeontime,youshowthatyouYeawareofyourresponsibilitiesandhaverespectfortheorganization.Incaseyoufeelthatyouwouldbelate,calltheconcernedauthorityandreportthemattertohimorher.Also,aproperknowledgeoftheworkplaceemailetiquetteisamust.Intheofficialemails,youneedtomentionthesubjectconcisely（简F吉土也），whileatthesametimeincludealltheimportantdetailswhicharetobeshared・YoushouldusegoodandgrammaticallycorrectIanguagewhilewritingemails・Aknowledgeoftelephoneetiquetteintheworkplaceisveryimportantaswell.Whiletalkingonthetelephone,bepoliteandlistentowhatthey"resayingcarefully.Onlythenshouldyousaywhatyoufeel.Speakinavoicewhichwouldbeheardclearlyattheotherend.Theworkplaceguidelinesareimportantevenwhileyou"rediningorcelebratingwithyourco-workers.Ifyougetacallinbetween,receiveitafteryou"repermittedbytheothersbysaying"excusemeH.Don"ttalkloudlywhileeating・Greetpeoplewellandtrytomakethemfeelcomfortablewhilebeinginyourcompany.Theseguidelineswillhelpyoubecomethebestemployeeofacompany.Allthebest!56.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare.A.managersinchargeofacompanyB.studentsofabusinessclassC・peoplewhoareoutofworkD.generalreaders57.Whyshouldyoutrytobepunctual?A.Toproveyouarenotahabituallatecomer.B.Torespecttherulesoftheorganization.C.Toshowthatyouarearesponsibleworker.D.Towinotherworkers1respect. 56.Howshouldyouwriteanofficialemail?A.Writethesubjectclearlyandsimply.B.Includeallthedetailsintheemail・C・MaketheIanguageasbeaut讦ulaspossible・D.Makeemailsasbriefaspossible.59・WhichofthefollowingisconsideredNOTacceptableaboutmakingphonecalls?A.UsingpoliteIanguages・B.Listeningwithpatieneeandcare・C.Speakingclearly.D・Answeringacallinaloudvoice.60.Inthewriter"sopinion,workplaceetiquette—A.iseasytomasterB.isconsideredimportsntbyallemployeesC.canbehelpfulindoingyourworkwellD.willbringyougoodluckandgoodsalaries答案与解析：语篇解读：本文主要介绍一些工作中需要注意的礼节。56.D.推理判断题。根据文章首尾段可推断不管是任务人，只要是参加了工作，就有必要掌握一些工作上的礼节，即文章针对大众读者而写，故选D项。57.C.细节理解题。根据第二段"youshowthatyou"reawareofyourresponsibilitiesandhaverespectfortheorganization/nJ判断，上班准时可显示出你的责任感,故选C项。58.A.细节理解题。根据第三段"Intheofficiale-mails,youneedtomentionthesubjectconcisely（简练）."可判断选A项。59.D.细节理解题。根据第四段"Speakinavoicewhichwouldbeheardclearlyattheotherend."可知打电话时不需太大声，对话能清楚地听到则可，故选D项。60.C.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Theseguidelineswillhelpyoubecomethebestemployeeofacompany"可判断，工作礼节有助于做好工作，故选C项。37.Farmersarebeingtoldmoreneedstobedonetostoptheminjuringatwork.OneinfiveBritishworkplacedeathshappensinagricultureeventhoughfarmersareonlyasmallpartoftheworking population.Duringtheyear2010/11therewere1,061injuriesintotalanditisthoughtmanymoregounreported・JimChapmanfromWarwickshirehadhisarmtornoffbyfarmmachinerysevenyearsagowhenhewas23."Youdon"trealizehowmuchyourelyonyoursecondarmuntilit"sgone/hesaid.HefellagainstaPTOshaft（传动轴）,aspinningmetalbaratthebackofatractor.z,ltcatapulted（猛力掷出）mefromonesideofthemachinetotheother/hesaid."Ilandedonthefloor,minusallmyclothing.Myleftarmhadbeenrippedoff/7Headmitsthatthemachinerywasmissingpartofitspropersafetyguard."Butagain/headded,"itwasarushedday.Therewereafewmachinesthatdidn"twork.Also,Iwasgettingbehindwiththejobs."Overthelast10years,otherindustriesthatyou"dthinkofasdangerous,likebuildingorquarrying（矿采）,haveloweredthenumberofworkplacedeathsandinjuries・Inthefarmingindustrythough,deathsremainhighwith34deathsin2010/11・JudithHackitt,thechairoftheHealthandSafetyExecutive（HSE）saysitis"notacceptable"thattheaccidentstatisticsforfarmingarestillhigh・"Peopleinfarmingdon"thaveminor（较小的）injuries.Whentheygetinjured,ifsbad."shesaid."WhenIsaidtotheNationalFarmers7Union（NFU）thatifIhadsonsIwouldnotwantthemtoworkinagriculture,itreallymadethemsitupandtakenotice."There"sawholehostofreasonswhyfarmingisasdangerousasitis.Itisaveryroughindustry.Also,it"softenbecausepeopleareleftalone.Theycouldbeyoungandinexperieneed,orolderpeople,whowouldhaveretiredmaybefiveor10yearsagoinotherindustries.Jimwantsotherstolearnfromhisexperienee."Lookatwhatyou"redoingbeforeyougorunningin/hesaid."Youcouldmakeamistakethatyoulllivewithfortherestofyourlife."56.JimChapmanwasinjuredintheworkplacemainlybecauseA.hecrossedthemachineryB.thesafetyguardofthemachinerywasgoneC.hewasstandingatthebackofthetractorD.hedidn"tnoticethePTOshaft62.1nBritishfarmingindustry,・A.farmerstakeupalargepartofworkingpopulationB.thenumberofinjuriesisbiggerthanwhatthepublicknow A.oldmachinerywasnotreplacedintimeB.beingafarmeristhemostdangerous63.Judiththought—were(was)notacceptable・A.theinjuriesoffarmersB.thehighdeathsforfarmingC.herson"shopetoworkinagricultureD.farmers1retiring5or10yearslater64.Theunderlinedphrasedippedoff11inparagraph2probablymeans"—“A.turnedoffB.gotoffC.wornoffD.tornoff65.Fromthewholetext,wecanseethatJimfeelsA.regretfulB.angryC.shockedD.confused答案与解析：语篇解读：本文主要介绍英国农民工在做事时的受伤现象。60.B.细节理解题。根据第二段"Headmitsthatthemachinerywasmissingpartofitspropersafetyguard/可判断JimChapman受伤是因为机器的防护装置的脱落，故选B项。61.B.细节理解题。根据第一段"Duringtheyear2010/11therewere1,061injuriesintotalanditisthoughtmanymoregounreported."可推断英国农民实际受伤人数比所报道的受伤人数要多，故选B项。62.B.细节理解题。根据第四段"WhenIsaidtotheNationalFarmers"Union(NFU)thatifIhadsonsIwouldnotwantthemtoworkinagriculture"可知Judith不会让她儿子从事农业方面的工作，故选B项。63.D.词义猜测题。根据第二段"JimChapmanfromWarwickshirehadhisarmtornoffbyfarmmachinerysevenyearsagowhenhewas23."可推断划线部分应意为"tornoff",故选D项。64.A.推理判断题。根据最后一段Jim的讲话可推断他为自己的受伤感到遗憾，故选A项。38.SeveralanimalspeciesineludinggorillasinRwandaandtigersinBangladeshcouldriskextinctioniftheimpactofclimatechangeandextremeweatherontheirhabitatsisnotaddressed,a UNreportshowedonSunday.LaunchedonthesidelinesofglobalclimatenegotiationsinDurban，thereportbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationshowshowhighertemperatures,theriseinsealevels,deforestationandexcessivelandusehavedamagedthehabitatsofcertainspecies,especiallyinAfrica.“Manyecosystemshavealreadybeenstressedbyincreasingpopulation,historicalandrecentdeforestation,unsustainablemanagementpracticesandeveninvasivespecies/1EduardoRojas-Briales,assistantdirectorgeneralattheFAO"sforestrydepartment,saidatthelaunchofthereport.Themostaffectedareasineludemountains,isolatedislandsandcoastalareas,whichlimitthepossibilitiesforanimalstomigrateelsewhereandcreatenewhabitats・“Theremainingpopulationsbecomeenclosedinverysmallecosystems,theyhaveinbreed!ng（近亲交西己）problems...andattheendthesespeciesmaydisappear/headded・OtherexamplesofaffectedanimalsineludedelephantsinMali,lionsintheSerengetiandcrocodilesinMalawi.Thereportsaidanestimated20-30percentofplantandanimalspecieswillbeathigherriskofextinctionduetoglobalwarmingandasignificantproportionofendemicspeciesmaybecomeextinetby2050asaconsequenee.Otherconsequencescouldineludethespreadofinvasivespeciesandinfectiousdiseases,itsaid.Thereporturgesmorefocusonrestorationofdamagedecosystems,especiallythosekeytotackling（应对）climatechangesuchasmangroves（红树林），inlandwaters,forests,savannahs（非洲大草原）andgrasslands.TheFAOalsocalledforthecreationofmigrationcorridorsforanimalsinareaswheretheirmovementwasconstrained.Theorganizationsaidwhilemoreresourceswereflowingtobiodiversityconservation,moreactionatthegovernmentandpolicylevelwasneeded・Italsourgedlocalcommunitiestodevelopprojectsthatmitigatetheimpactofclimatechangeonwildlife,namingeco-tourismactivitiesasanexample・56.Whyaremountains,isolatedislandsandcoastalareasbecomingthemostaffectedareas,accordingtothepassage?A.Becauseanimalstherearemorelikelytomigratetootherplacesandcreatenewhabitats. A.Becauseofhighertemperaturesandtheriseinsealevelsthere.C・Becauseitislesspossibleforanimalstomovetootherplacesandcreatenewhabitats・D・Becauseofthespreadofinvasivespeciesandinfectiousdiseases.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mitigate"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Makingsomethingbecomelessserious.B.Makinguseof.C・Developing.A.Movingfromoneplacetoanother.57.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT".A.Theincreasingpopulation,historicalandrecentdeforestation,unsustainablemanagementpracticesandeveninvasivespecieshaveputgreatpressureontheecosystem.B.WeshouldpaymoreattentiontotherestorationofdamagedecosystemsC・Alltheplantsandanimalspecieswillbeathigherriskofdistinctionduetoglobalwarmingby2050.D.Foranimalslivinginareaswheretheirmovementswerelimited,weshouldcreatemorecorridorsforthem・59・Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A・Therearenoresourcesavailabletoconservethebiodiversity.A.Itisthelocalcommunitiesratherthanthegovernmentthatshouldtakemeasurestoprotectthespeciesfromextinction.B.Itisbetterforthelocalcommunitiestorestricteco-tourismactivities.C.Thegovernmentshouldtakesomemeasuresandsomepoliciesshouldbemadetoprotectthebiodiversitythoughmoresourceswerebeingusedforit.60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnimalsatriskB.GlobalwarminganditsconsequencesC.SolutionstoanimaldistinctionD.Animalsatriskduetoclimatechange语篇解读：气候变化对野生物带来极大的影响，因为有必要采取措施减轻气候变化。 56.C.细节理解题。根据第四段"Themostaffectedareasincludemountains,isolatedislandsandcoastalareas,whichlimitthepossibilitiesforanimalstomigrateelsewhereandcreatenewhabitats/可判断选C项。57.A.词义猜测题。要求当地发展项目来减轻气候变化对野生物的影响，由此可推断划线词应意为"使某事物变得更不严重〃，故选A项。58.C.细节理解题。C项内容与文中"Thereportsaidanestimated20-30percentofplantandanimalspecieswillbeathigherriskofextinotionduetoglobalwarmingandasignificantproportionofendemicspeciesmaybecomeextinetby2050asaconsequenee"不相符合，故选c项。59.D.推理判断题。根据"Theorganizationsaidwhilemoreresourceswereflowingtobiodiversityconservation,moreactionatthegovernmentandpolicylevelwasnceded•"可哭Q断D项正确。60.D.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍气候变化给野生活带来血临灭绝的彫响，故正确答案选D项。39.Holdingacellphoneagainstyourearorstoringitinyourpocketmaybedangeroustoyourhealth・Thisexplainsawarningthatcellphonemanufacturersineludeinthesmallprintthatisoftenignoredwhenanewphoneispurchased・Apple,forexample,doesn"twantiPhonestocomeclosertoyouthan1.5centimeters;ResearchInMotion,BlackBerry"smanufacturer,recommends2.5centimeters.Ifhealthissuesarisefromcellphoneuse,thepossibleeffectsarehuge.Voicecalls-Americanschatoncellphones2.26trillion（万亿）minutesannually-earn$109billionforthewirelesscarriers・DevraDavis,anexpertwhohasworkedfortheUniversityofPittsburgh,haspublishedabookaboutcellphoneradiation,"Disconnect.z,Thebooksurveysscientificresearchandconeludesthequestionisnotsettled.BraincancerisaconcernthatMs・Davisexamines.Overall,therehasnotbeenanincreaseinitsincidencesincecellphonesarrived.Buttheaveragemasksanincreaseinbraincancerinthe20-to-29agegroupandadropfortheolderpopulation. "Mostcancershavemultiplecauses/shesays,butshepointstolaboratoryresearchthatsuggestslow-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldpossiblyleadtocancer.Childrenaremorevulnerable（易受伤的）toradiationthanadults,Ms.Davisandotherscientistspointout.Radiationthatpenetratesonlyfivecentimetersintothebrainofanadultwillreachmuchdeeperintothebrainsofchildrenbecausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainscontainmoreabsorptivefluid（易吸4攵tl勺液体）.Nostudieshaveyetbeencompletedoncellphoneradiationandchildren,shesays・HenryLai,aresearchprofessorinthebioengineeringdepartmentattheUniversityofWashington,beganlaboratoryradiationstudiesin1980andfoundthatratsexposedtoradiationhaddamagedDNAintheirbrains.Ms.Davisrecommendsusingwiredheadsetsorthephone"sspeaker.Childrenshouldtextratherthancall,shesaid,andpregnantwomenshouldkeepphonesawayfromtheabdomen（腹部）.60.Whyisthewarninginthesmallprint?A.Theydon"twanttheuserstopayattentiontoit.B.Thereisnotenoughspaceforthewarning・C・Theythinkpeoplewillnotcareaboutit.D.Thewarningisnotimportantatall.61.AccordingtoMsDavis,braincancerincrease.A.amongchildrenB.amongoldpeopleC・inthetwentiesD.amongpregnantwomen62.Whydochildreneasilybeaffectedbyradiation?A.Becausetheyhaverftgrownup.B.Becausetheyaretooyoungtoprotectthemselves・C・Becausetheyusecellphonesmoreoftenthanadults.D.Becausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainsareeasilyhurt.63.Whatcanweconeludefromthelastparagraph?A.Pregnantwomenshouldkeepcellphonesaway.B.Peopleshouldusecellphonesinthecorrectway・C・Ifyouareachild,you"dbettertextthanmakephonecalls. D・Whenyouuseacellphone,useawiredheadsetorthephone"sspeaker.60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Becarefulwhenusingcellphones.B.Don"tholdyourcellphoneagainstyourear.C・RatsexposedtoradiationhavedamagedDNAintheirbrains.D.Low-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldleadtocancer.语篇解读：使用手机会带來辐射的负影响，因此蛊要正确使用手机。63.A.细节理解题。根据第一段"Thisexplainsawarningthatcellphonemanufacturersincludeinthesmallprintthatisoftenignoredwhenanewphoneispurchased/"可推断丿商不想让顾客注意到它而将警示语印得极小，故选A项。64.C.细节理解题。根据第四段"Buttheaveragemasksanincreaseinbraincancerinthe20-to-29agegroupandadropfortheolderpopulation"可脑癌主要发生在20多岁的时候,故选C项。65.D.细节理解题。根据"Radiationthatpenetratesonlyfivecentimetersintothebrainofanadultwillreachmuchdeeperintothebrainsofchildrenbecausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainscontainmoreabsorptivefluid（易吸收的液体）"可知,小孩更容易受辐射的影响是因为他们的头骨更薄，大脑更容易受伤，故选D项。66.B.推理判断题。最后一段"Ms.Davisrecommendsusingwiredheadsetsorthephone"sspeaker.Childrenshouldtextratherthancall,shesaid,andpregnantwomenshouldkeepphonesawayfromtheabdomen^所讲述的都是一些正确使用手机以防止辐射的影响的方法，由此判断选B项。67.A.主旨大意题。本文主耍介绍使用手机的负作用，最后警示人们要正确使用手机。因此A项更能说明全文的主旨，而其它三项只是文中的细节内容，故选A项。