高一英语下学期期末试卷（附解析）和高考满分作文：时代变革请不要放弃“习惯”（100） 45页

高一英语下学期期末试卷（附解析）和高考满分作文：时代变革请不要放弃“习惯”（100）2018级高一下期期末考试      英语试题卷 2016.7英语试题卷共9页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。第I卷第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）   听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhattimeisitnowinLondon?  A.6:00a.m.  B.11:00a.m. C.6:00p.m.2.Whatiswrongwiththewoman? A.She’scaughtacold. B.Shehastroublebreathing.C.Sheisrunningalowfever. 3.Whoisthewomanwaitingfor? A.Tommy. B.Todd.  C.Timmy.4.Whydidthemancutthetreedown?  A.Hedidn’tlikeit. B.Itwasdying.C.Hehatedtocleanuptheleaves. 5.Whatdoesthewomanmean? A.Frankisbetterthantheman. B.Themandeserves(值得)abetterpartner.C.Shedoesn’twanttogetanewpartner. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至第7题。 6.Howoftendoesthewomangoskiing? A.Onceayear. B.Twiceayear. C.Threetimesayear. 7.Whatwillmakethemanexcitednow? A.Goingskiing. B.Goingskating. C.GoingtoLasVegas.听第7段材料，回答第8至第9题。8.Whyisthewomanwalkingwithdifficulty?  A.Shewentskatingyesterday. B.Shehadbeenwalkingtoofast.C.ShewaspracticingChineseKungFu. 9.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardsskatingnow?   A.Shethinksit’sreallyfun. B.Sheintendstogoonemoretime. C.Shedoesn’twanttothinkaboutit. 听第8段材料，回答第10至第12题。10.Whereisthemanvisiting?   A.Hawaii. B.California. C.NewMexico.11.Accordingtotheman,whatbringsbadluck?   A.Certainrooms. B.Certainviews. C.Certainnumbers.12.Whichroomwillthemanstayin?   A.Room23.  B.Room21.  C.Room13.听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。 13.WhatdoweknowabouttheweatherinHawaii?   A.Itneverrainsthere. B.It’swarmallyearround.  C.It’salwayscoldthere. 14.WhatisHawaiiwellknownfor,accordingtoRon?   A.Itsrainbows. B.Itsforests. C.Itsanimals.15.Wheredothewallabies(沙袋鼠)originallycomefrom?   A.India. B.SouthAfrica. C.Australia.16.WherearetheHawaiianwallabiesraised?   A.Inthewild. B.Inpeople’shomes. C.Inthezoo.听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。17.WhywasDeansentbacktoIndiana?   A.Hismotherdiedofcancer. B.HisfatherleftforCalifornia.  C.Hegraduatedfromhighschool. 18.WhatwasDean’sfirstmajorincollege?   A.Theater.  B.Law.  C.Medicine.19.WhendidHollywoodshowinterestinDean?   A.In1951.  B.In1954.  C.In1956.20.WhatwasthecauseofDean’sdeath?    A.Competinginacarrace. B.Workingatafarm.  C.Actinginafilm. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）(原创)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）   阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AAdventureWorksWorldToursHowoftenhaveyousaidoutloud,“IwouldlovetoseetheEiffelTowersomeday…”or“Mydreaminlifeistoseethepyramids”?Nowyoucanstoptalkingaboutitanddoit!Ourmissionistoprovideyouwiththemostcomprehensiveandcompleteplanningandtravelservicessothatyoucanhavetheadventureofalifetimethatisexciting,comfortableandworry-free.Wehaveseveralpackagestoaccommodatealmostanyneed,oryoucanletuscreateacustomtravelpackage.Followingisasmallsamplingofsomeofourpackages.EgyptiannightsTravelwithustothelandofthepyramids,whereyou’llseeancientmysteriesdisplayedbeforeyoureyes!Ourspecialistswillsharewithyoutheirextensiveknowledge ofEgyptianhistoryandartifactsasyouadmireancientwondersliketheSphinxandthepyramidsatGiza.Packagesrangefrom7daysandnightsto21daysandnights,andallpackagesincludehotel,tours,andmeals.Pricedfrom$1,000perperson.SplendorsofItaly FromtheleaningtoweratPisatotheVatican(梵蒂冈)inRome,you’llseethegreatestsightsinItaly.You’llvisitFlorence,Rome,Pisa,andvillagesintheItaliancountryside.You’llevengetaprimer(入门书)intheItalianlanguagefromaworld-celebratedlinguist(语言学家).Plus,you’llvisitacookingschoolforalessononhowtomakerealItalianlasagna!Pricedfrom$800perperson.Russianexperience ExplorethebestofRussia,aplaceofculturalandhistoricalbeauty.You’lltourMoscowandSt.PetersburgandseeforyourselfplaceslikeRedSquare,theKremlin,MoscowUniversityandmore.Learnaboutthehistoryandthepeoplethatmakeupthisremarkableplace.Pricedfrom$1,500perperson(doesnotincludeairfare).Letuscreatejusttherightcustompackageforyou!Let usshowyoutheworld!AdventureWorksOneMainStreet,Seattle,WA75006Phone(425)5550125Fax(425)5550145http://www.adventure-works.com21.WhichpointmightbethemostattractivetothosechoosingAdventureWorksfortraveling? A.Travelingwithafairprice. B.Gettingtoknowthehistoryofthosecountries. C.Learningcookingwhiletraveling.D.Enjoyingatravelpackagedesignedjustforthem.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesamplingpackages? A.21daysandnightsinEgyptwillcostoneperson1000dollars. B.IfonechoosestheItalypackage,hecanonlyenjoythebeautifulsightsofthemajorcities. C.Ifoneisinterestedinreligion,hemightchoosetheItalypackage.D.TheRussiapackageisagoodchoiceifoneislookingforthebeautyofnature.23.YoucancontactAdventureWorksbythefollowingEXCEPT ____. A.ane-mail B.acall C.afax D.inperson24.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext? A.Toinformpeoplethedetailedschedulesoftheirtravelpackages. B.Toencouragepeopletosignupfortheirtravelpackage. C.Tointroducesomepopularholidaydestinations.D.Toprovidepracticalinstructionsonhowtomakeatravelplan.BAdog,itissaid,isaman’sbestfriend.Putadog,akidandabooktogether,andyouhaveastrugglingreader’sbestfriend.ThetherapydogsofR.E.A.D.–ReadingEducationAssistanceDogs–havebeenhelpingchildrenimprovetheirreadingskillssince1999,whenIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)begantheprograminSaltLakeCity,Utah.Today,tensofthousandsofR.E.A.D.teams–dogsandtheirowners–volunteertospendtimewithyoungstersinschoolsandlibrariesacrosstheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.Theideaisthatsharingabookwithanonjudgmental(不带评论的)partnerencouragesstudents’confidenceand helpsdevelopaloveofreading.Izzy,aHavanesetherapydog,isaregularvisitortoPublicSchool57inEastHarlem,NewYork.Studentsmeethiminthelibrary,pickoutabookandsitdownonthecarpet.Izzysnuggles(依偎)uptothemandgetsreadytohearastory.“IlovereadingtoIzzybecausehelistenstome,andhedoesn’tmakefunofmewhenImakeamistake,”saysthird-graderAelaneVasquez.The9-year-old,whoseparentsarefromMexico,isoneof15Latin-Americanstudentsattheschoolwhowereselectedfortheprogram.“AllthestudentsthatweworkwithintheR.E.A.D.programwerebehindreadinglevelsatthebeginningoftheyear,”BridgetMcElroy,whoteachesEnglishasaSecondLanguage,explained.“Nowmostofthemhavereachedtheaveragelevel,ifnotaboveit.”That’simportant,becauseachievingproficiency(熟练)inreadingisvitalforkidstosucceed.Studieshaveshownthatstudentswhocan’treadatgradelevelbytheendofthirdgradearefourtimeslesslikelytograduatehighschoolbytheageof19.TheR.E.A.D.teamsfromNewYorkTherapyAnimalsworkwith175kidsatPublicSchool57andnineotherschools. McElroysaidsheseesamarkeddifferenceinAelaneandherclassmates,andnotjustinstudy.“Notonlydothekidshavetimetopracticereading,whatwearereallyseeingisthattheyareexcitedtoreadandpracticeevenwhenIzzyisnothere,”shesaid. 25.Accordingtothispassage,dogsarethebestfriendofkidsbecause____. A.theykeepkidscompanythroughtherapy B.theycanprotectkidsfromdanger C.theyarehelpfultoencouragekidstoread D.theyarestrugglingandworkhard26.WhatdoestheexampleofAelaneVasquezshow? A.KidsfromMexicolovereadingtoIzzy. B.OnlyLatin-Americanstudentscanbechosenfortheprogram. C.TheR.E.A.D.teamsareresponsiblefortheselection. D.Listeningwithoutjudgmentisinspiringforthekids.27.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.ThestudentsintheR.E.A.D.programimprovealotonlyinstudy. B.Withoutproficiencyinreading,it’sdifficultforkidstosucceed.  C.AllthestudentsintheR.E.A.D.programcanbeabovethereadinglevel.D.Whennotaccompaniedbythedog,kidswillstoppracticingreadingconsequently.CHowmanytimesdoyoucheckyourMomentsorFacebookpageinadaytoseewhetheryourlatestposthasgotanother“like”or“thumbsup”?Althoughyoumightbeembarrassedtoadmithowmanytimesyoudothis,don’tworry.Psychologicalfindingshaveshownit’scompletelynormal.Infact,thepleasurewederivefrom(取自)gettinga“like”isequaltothatofeatingchocolateorwinningmoney,andwecan’thelpwantingmore.AccordingtothefindingsoftheUCLABrainMappingCenter,whichobserved32teensagedbetween13and18,thefeedbackcircuit(反馈电路)intheteens’brainsareparticularlysensitive,andthe“social”and“visual”partsoftheirbrainswereactivatedwhentheyreceived“likes”onasocialnetwork.Theresearchalsoshowedthatthoughthethumbsupmightcomefromcompletestrangers,thegoodtheyderivefromitworkedequally. Sodoesitmeanweshouldtryourbesttowinasmanythumbsupaspossible?Notnecessarilysoifweknowthereasonsbehindourdesireforattention.In“Whydopeoplecrave(渴望)attention”byM.FaroukRadwan,heexplainedseveralcasesinwhichpeoplenaturallylongedforattention.Radwansaidpeoplewhowereanonlychild,whowereusedtobeingthecenterofattentionintheirhouse,maytrytoreproducetheseconditions.Feeling“overlookedandunappreciated”mightalsoleadyoutobeeagerforattention.Othertimes,thestateofbeingjealousorwantingtocoveryourmistakesmayalsocontributetosuchlongings.Infact,toomuchdesireforattentioncancreateanxiety,andinturnruinyourhappinessevenwhenyougetit.Sowhatcanwedoaboutit?Theanswerisquitesimple. “Ifpeoplecouldadoptgoalsnotfocusedontheirownself-esteem(自尊)butonsomethinglargerthantheirself,suchaswhattheycancreateorcontributetoothers,theywouldbelesssensitivetosomeofthenegativeeffectsofpursuingself-esteem,”wrotepsychologyprofessorJenniferCrockerintheJournalofSocialIssues. 28.Youmayfindthistextinamagazineabout____. A.technology B.education C.entertainment D.sociallife29.WhowillNOTnaturallyexpectattentionaccordingtoRadwan? A.Peoplewhoarelivingwiththeirparents. B.Thosewholacksocialrecognition. C.Peoplewhoarethefocusofattention. D.Thosewhowanttoblanketwhatthey’vedone.30.Weknowfromthelastparagraphthat____. A.checkingyourMomentsorFacebookpageisawasteoftime B.itishelpfultosetgoalsconcerningmakingcontributions C.focusingonone’sself-esteemisquitenatural D.self-teemhasabadeffectonone’sgoals31.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’saddictionto“thumbsup”? A.worried. B.objective. C.critical. D.supportive.DNexttimeyouraiseaneyebrowattheviewsofyourpartner, friend,sibling(兄弟姐妹)orcolleague,remembertheycouldbehelpingtomakeyousmarter.Newresearchshowsthatintelligenceisnotfixedbutcanbeboostedthroughoutadulthoodbyfamilymembers,brightmatesandintellectuallystretching(拉伸)careers.Thestudychallengesthecommonlyheldbeliefthatintelligenceisstaticbytheageofabout18.Currentscientificconsensussuggeststhatintelligenceiscontrolledbygenes,withenvironmentalfactorssuchasschoolingandnutritionplayingapartialroleuptothisage.Afterthispoint,IQscoresstabilize(稳定).ButJamesFlynn,professorofpoliticalstudiesandpsychologyattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealand,arguesthatpeoplecan“upgrade”theirownintelligencethroughouttheirlives.Hebelievesintellectualstimulation(刺激)fromothersiscrucialasthe“brainseemstoberatherlikeamuscle–themoreyouuseit,thestrongeritgets”.However,theoppositeisalsotrue–sopeoplesharingahomeorworkplacewiththosewhoareintellectuallychallengedriskseeingtheirIQlevelsfallasaresult.Hefoundthe“understandingquality”ofafamilychanges theIQsofallmembers,especiallychildren.Itcan“lift”orholdback,dependingonthe“gapbetweentheirbrightnessandthatoftheirsiblingsandparents”.Abrightten-year-oldwithbrothersandsistersofaverageintelligencewillsufferafivetotenpointIQdisadvantage,comparedtoasimilarchildwithequallybrightsiblings.However,childrenwithalowIQcouldgainsixtoeightpointsbyhavingbrightersiblingsandspecialeducationaltreatmenttohelppullthemup.ProfessorFlynnalsoconcludedthatalthoughgeneticsandearlylifeexperiencesdetermineabout80percentofintelligence,theremaining20percentislinkedtolifestyle.ThismeansthatpeoplecanraisetheirIQ,orallowittofall,bytenpointsormore.Therefore,thebestwaytoboostIQlevelistomixwithbrightfriends,findanintellectuallychallengingjobandmarrysomeonecleverer.32.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____. A.astheagegrows,youwillbecomesmarter B.a35-year-oldmanissurelysmarterthanhimselfattheageof18 C.youwillbesmarterifyouhaveapartner,afriend orasibling D.after18,youstillhavethepossibilitytobecomesmarter33.Theunderlinedword“static”inthe3rdparagraphprobablymeans____. A.unstable B.fixed C.varied D.repeated34.JamesFlynnholdsthebeliefthat____. A.intellectualstimulationfromothersmakesthebrainworkbetter B.peopleshouldavoidworkingwiththoseintellectuallychallenged C.one’sIQcouldbeheldbackifhehasbrightbrothersorsisters D.theIQofchildrenisleastinfluencedbytheunderstandinglevelofafamily35.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage? A.GeneticsDeterminesIntelligence. B.WatchOutforIntelligenceFalling. C.BrightSiblingsMakeYouSmarter. D.BrainIsLikeMuscle.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）    根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone,fromhomelesspeopletobillionaires,islikelytobeinfluencedbystress;there’ssimplynowaytoavoidit.__36__Herearefivepowerfultipsforwaystokillstressinalmostanysituation.EatHealthierThoughalotofstressispsychological,therearealsoplentyofphysicalfactorsthatleadtothisnaturalhumanresponsetonoticeddanger.Inordertorelievestress,makesureyou’retreatingyourbodyright.Abigpartofthisiseatinghealthier.__37__Anyway,adoptinganalkaline(碱性的)dietinsteadofanacidic(酸性的)oneisrecommended.WakeUpEarlier__38__However,wakingup15or20minutesearliereachmorningmayhavemorebenefitsthansleepingin.Bygivingyourselfsomeextratime,youwon’tfeelquiterushedinthemorning,whichleadstobetterpreparationandmoreconfidence.__39__Sinceyouarenevergoingtoremove100percentofthestressinyourlife,oneofthebestthingsyoucandoisletit beoneofyourmotivations.Thisiswhatstressisdesignedtodo,afterall.Thepsychologicalandphysicalreactionsbroughtonbystressaresupposedtoheightenoursensesandempowerustofightoffathreat.WatchaFunnyVideoHereisasimpleandpracticaltip:watchafunnyvideoonYouTube.Researchshowsthatseeingsomethingamusingactivatesthepartofthebrainthatproducescalmphysiological(生理的)responses.Thiscanleadtolessanxietyandmorehappiness.TakeaWalkOutsideWheneverpossible,makesureyoutakeyourwalkoutdoors.__40__Itcanimproveenergylevelsandmemorybyasmuchas20percent.A. Anumberofstudiesshowthatspendingtimeintheopenisagreatwaytorelievestress.B. Dietandrelaxationaretwoimportantkeystogoodhealth.C. Therearenomagic“anti-stress”foods.D. However,therearewaystoreducetheamountofstressyousufferfrom.E. KeepPositiveRelationships F. LetStressMotivateYouG. Itiscertainlytruethatthemoresleepyouget,thelessstressedyou’llbe.第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分55分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onthefirstdayofmyhighschool,IranintomynewEnglishteacher,Ms.Kirschmann.Ireallymeanthat–Ialmostknockedher__41__.OnenteringmyEnglishclassroom,Ihitsomebodyhard.Shewastallwithredhair,andshewas__42__ablackandwhiteskirt.AsIbeganto__43__,shestarted“yelling”atme.ButsoonIrealizedthatshewas,__44__,sayinghelloandwelcomingmetoherclassinavery__45__voice.IrealizedthatIhadjustmetmynewEnglishteacheramomentago.Kirsch,asshewantedustocallher,hada__46__andfascinatingcharacter.Herhaircolor,fashionsenseandenergytookuptheentireroom.WhenwereadtheplayMacbethbyShakespeare,Kirschletusplay__47__andwearmasks.Therewasabigdrumintheclassroom.Everytimeweread theword“thunder”inthetext,shewouldhit__48__onthedrum,makingaloudnoise!MyclassmatesandIwould__49__loudly.Duringgroupdiscussions,Kirschoftentoldustositina__50__onthefloor.Wetalkedaboutthe__51__whileshejustsatinacornerandtooknotesofwhatwesaid.Doingsomadeusfeelindependentand__52__ourselvesmorewithcriticalthinking.Itisthestrangest__53__themostentertainingclassIhaveeverhad.Kirschisreallya“socialbutterfly”.Shesmiles,laughsandtellsjokes__54__shegoes.ButIfoundoutaboutanother__55__ofhertheotherday.Afterschoolthatday,IwaswalkingbymyEnglishclassroom__56__IsawMs.Kirschmannwithherson.Shewastryingto__57__himtoputonhisjacketinalowvoice.ShespokeinsuchagentlemannerthatIwasquite__58__.Untilthen,itnever__59__tomethatMs.Kirschmanncouldbequiet.Ihadthoughtshewas__60__energetic,calm,intelligentandcaringallatonce.AllIknowwasthatIcouldn’twaitforthenextdayofherEnglishclass.41.A.off B.about C.over D.out42.A.dressing B.wearing C.puttingon D.havingon 43.A.scold B.shout C.run D.apologize44.A.infact B.afterall C.incase D.forsure45.A.scary B.weak C.loud D.soft46.A.traditional B.quiet C.creative D.rude47.A.instruments B.games C.characters D.tricks48.A.quickly B.heavily C.hardly D.gently49.A.cry B.read C.speak D.laugh50.A.line B.circle C.chair D.corner51.A.film B.book C.novel D.play52.A.treat B.devote C.improve D.learn53.A.despite B.yet C.so D.or54.A.whenever B.whatever C.wherever D.whichever55.A.side B.story C.identity D.purpose56.A.when B.while C.as D.after57.A.advise B.persuade C.force D.talk58.A.excited B.disappointed C.delighted D.amazed59.A.thought B.happened C.occurred D.hit60.A.both B.just C.less D.also第II卷第二节短文填空（共10小题,每小题1.5分，满分15分）（原创）       阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Duringourdailylife,weareoftenfaced__61__problemsthatsimplyturnout__62__(be)moredifficultthan__63__(expect),andthis,inturn,causesgreatnegativefeelings.However,mostdifficult__64__(experience)willbecome__65__(value)lessons,__66__canhelpuspreventfuturemistakes.Besides,thetoughsituations__67__wecanseeourselvesdifferentlyofferusanopportunitytoachieveself-promotion,andtheyalsomake__68__easierforustogetthroughhardtimesinthefuture. Aslongaswehave__69__strongwill,thetemporarydifficulties__70__(overcome)andwecanlivethroughthemwithabetterpreparationforthefuture.第三节单词拼写,每空一词（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）(原创)请根据首字母提示及所给汉语意思，在空格处填入正确的单词，并将答案填写在答题卡上（请填写完整的单词）。71. Hewassittingbythewindowwithhisheadb____(埋)inabook.72. Theworkersons____(罢工)forapayrisewereallfired.73. Wereceivedanumberofc____(抱怨)fromcustomers aboutthelackofparkingplaces.74. Thesmallvillage,whichisl____(位于)atthefootofthemountain,hasbecomeaholidayresort.75. AnancientphilosopherinChinaarguedthateveryonemustbetreatede____(平等地).76. Heisoneofthemosti____(有影响的)peopleinthepolitics.77. Tobegreat,youmustbesmart,confident,andaboveall,h____(诚实的).78. Hisparentsdidn’tearnmuchmoneysohedroppedoutofschoolbecauseofp____(贫穷).79. Themann____(勉强地)escapeddeathwhenhecrashedhiscaragainstthewall.80. Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintothec____(建设)ofthosehouses.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）（原创）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）   假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。   注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；         2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Nowadaysit’scommonformanyhighschoolstudenttoskip(跳过)breakfast,leadingtobothpoorschoolperformanceordamagetotheirhealth.Whenaskedwhytheyskipthebreakfast,somestudentssayhethinkofbreakfastastheleastimportantmealoftheday,andthinkitunnecessary,whileotherssaidtheyhavetoofewtimeinthemorningtohavebreakfast.Andathirdgroup,mostlygirlswhofiguresaretheirbiggestconcern,saytheywantloseweighttokeepslim.Istronglysuggestthateverystudenthasbreakfastproperlyeveryday,sincebreakfastcanprovidethenecessaryenergyoneneeds.Inaddition,havingbreakfastcanhelpyouconcentrateinclassandstudyefficient.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假设你是学生李华，对于如何安排即将到来的暑假拿不定主意。你既想多花时间在学习上，又希望能出去旅游。请给你在美国的朋友Tom写一封信，征求建议。包括以下内容。1.写信目的 2.目前的倾向及理由3.期待对方回复注意：1.词数100左右；  2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；                                                       出题人：彭 佳                                                          审题人：张云建2016年重庆一中高2018级高一下期期末考试  英语答案 2016.71—5BBABC 6—10BCACA 11—15CBBAC 16—20AABBA21．D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Wehaveseveralpackagestoaccommodatealmostanyneed,oryoucanletuscreateacustomtravelpackage.”可知，AdventureWorks为游客提供了几种可以满足游客需求的旅游套餐，游客还可以要求Adventure Works创造一种风俗旅游套餐，这是最吸引游客的因素。故D选项切题。 22．C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中“FromtheleaningtoweratPisatotheVatican(梵蒂冈)inRome”可知，SplendorsofItaly的旅游路线包括比萨，梵蒂冈。其中，梵蒂冈是天主教的中心。所以对宗教感兴趣的游客，可以选择该旅游套餐。故C选项切题。 23．A【解析】细节理解题。由最后一部分中的“OneMainStreet,Seattle,WA75006 Phone(425)5550125 Fax(425)5550145  http://www.adventure-works.com”可知，联系方式中包括地址，电话，传真号，网址，故游客可以亲自去打电话，发传真或者到网上浏览，但没有e-mail地址，所以无法发e-mail。故A选项切题。 24．B【解析】写作意图题。这是一篇旅游广告，其目的当然是鼓励人们报名参加旅游。故B选项切题。【备注】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章是一篇旅游广告，介绍了三个旅游套餐的相关信息，其目的在于鼓励游客报名参加。  25．C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段的“Putadog,akidandabooktogether,andyouhaveastrugglingreader’sbestfriend。”和第二段中的“ThetherapydogsofR.E.A.D.—ReadingEducationAssistanceDogs—havebeenhelpingchildrenimprovetheirreadingskillssince1999”可知，狗有助于提高孩子的阅读技能，所以，当孩子阅读时，旁边有狗相伴，对孩子来说，狗无疑是最好的朋友。故C选项切题。 26．D【解析】推理判断题。由第五段中AelaneVasquez所说的话“IlovereadingtoIzzybecausehelistenstome,andhedoesn’tmakefunofmewhenImakeamistake”可知，AelaneVasquez认为在他阅读的时候，小狗会倾听他阅读，在他犯错误的时候，小狗也不会嘲笑他。由此例证明了第三段中“Theideaisthatsharingabookwithanonjudgmental(不带评论的)partnerencouragesstudents’confidenceandhelpsdevelopaloveofreading”。像小狗这种只会倾听而不做任何评论的听众可以鼓舞孩子们的自信心，帮助培养他们对阅读的热爱。故可推知D选项切题。  27．B【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“achievingproficiency(熟练)inreadingisvitalforkidstosucceed”可知，在阅读中，达到熟练程度对孩子们成功来说是至关重要的。由此可知，如果阅读达不到熟练水平，一个孩子想成功是很困难的。故B选项正确。【备注】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。研究证明，在孩子阅读的时候，有小狗相伴有助于提高孩子的阅读水平。小狗是忠实的听众，但不会对孩子的阅读发表任何评论，这有助于鼓舞孩子的自信心，提高他们对阅读的热爱。 28．D【解析】推理判断题。很多人都习惯检查一下自己新发的帖子得到了别人多少“like”or“thumbup”(即得到了多少人的关注)，作者在文中分析了这种行为背后的原因，并且指出：想得到别人关注这很正常，但是，过于追求别人的关注将会产生不好的影响。很明显，这样的文章和我们的社会生活息息相关，和技术、教育、娱乐无关，故D选项切题。 29．A【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第三段中“heexplainedseveralcasesinwhichpeoplenaturallylongedforattention. Radwansaidpeoplewhowereanonlychild,whowereusedtobeingthecenterofattentionintheirhouse...Feeling‘overlookedandunappreciated’mightalsoleadyoutobeeagerforattention.Othertimes,thestateofbeingjealousorwantingtocoveryourmistakesmayalsocontributetosuchlongings”可知，下列几种情况下的人很自然地期望别人的关注：1.独生子女；2.习惯于是家人关注中心的人；3.感到受到忽视或者未受到欣赏的人；4.嫉妒别人或者想掩盖自己所犯错误的人。A选项不符合上述情况，故A选项切题。 30．B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Ifpeoplecouldadoptgoalsnotfocusedontheirownself-esteem(自尊)butonsomethinglargerthantheirself,suchaswhattheycancreateorcontributetoothers,theywouldbelesssensitivetosomeofthenegativeeffectsofpursuingself-esteem”可知，如果人们设定的目标不是以自己的自尊为中心，而是超越自我，比如以如何为别人做贡献为中心，那么，他们对于追求自尊带来的消极影响就不那么敏感了。由此可知，设定一些为别人做贡献的目标是有好处的。故B选项切题。 31．C 【解析】观点态度题。由第三段中的“Infact,thepleasurewederivefrom(取自)gettinga‘like’...,andwecan’thelpwantingmore”可知，人们总是情不自禁的想得到“like”或者“thumbup”(即别人的关注)。由倒数第二段“Infact,toomuchdesireforattentioncancreateanxiety,andinturnruinyourhappinessevenwhenyougetit”可知，过于渴望得到别人的关注往往会使人产生焦虑，最终会毁掉你的幸福。由此可知，沉迷于得到“thumbup”是不好的，因此，作者对此持批评的态度。故C选项切题。【备注】这是一篇社会生活类文章。很多人都习惯检查一下自己新发的帖子得到了别人多少“like”or“thumbup”(即得到了多少人的关注)，作者在文中分析了这种行为背后的原因，并且指出：想得到别人关注这很正常，但是，过于追求别人的关注将会产生不好的影响。 32．D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Newresearchshowsthatintelligenceisnotfixedbutcanbeboostedthroughoutadulthoodbyfamilymembers,brightmatesandintellectuallystretching(拉伸)careers”可知，研究表明，智商不是固定的，在成年之后，你的家人、聪明的同事、可以拉伸智商的职业都会使你的智商提高。故D选项切题。  33．B【解析】词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Newresearchshowsthatintelligenceisnotfixedbutcanbeboostedthroughoutadulthoodbyfamilymembers,brightmatesandintellectuallystretching(拉伸)careers”可知，研究表明，智商不是固定的，在成年之后，你的家人、聪明的同事、可以拉伸智商的职业都会使你的智商提高。这一结果挑战了传统的观念“intelligenceisstaticbytheageofabout18”，由此可以推知，传统观念认为，到了18岁左右，人的智商就是固定的了。故画线单词意思意为“固定的，不变的”，B选项切题。 34．A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“JamesFlynn...arguesthatpeoplecan‘upgrade’theirownintelligencethroughouttheirlives.Hebelievesintellectualstimulation(刺激)fromothersiscrucialasthe‘brainseemstoberatherlikeamuscle—themoreyouuseit,thestrongeritgets’”可知，JamesFlynn认为，大脑就像肌肉一样，你用的越多，它就变得越强。来自别人的智商方面的刺激对智商的提高至关重要。故A选项切题。  35．C【解析】标题归纳题。文章第二段是文章的中心段。由第二段以及下文的详细介绍可知，研究表明，智商不是固定的，在成年之后，你的家人、聪明的同事、可以拉伸智商的职业都会使你的智商提高。故C选项作为标题最为合适。【备注】研究表明，智商不是固定的，在成年之后，你的家人、聪明的同事、可以拉伸智商的职业都会使你的智商提高。 36．D【解析】上一句提到，压力不可避免。下一句提到五个消除压力的建议，故该空应提到有办法减轻压力，故D选项切题。 37．C【解析】该段提到要健康饮食。下一句建议吃碱性食物而非酸性食物，故该空应提到食物，故C选项切题：没有神奇的可以抗压力的食物。 38．G【解析】该段提到通过早醒一会儿来减轻压力，选项中只有G选项睡眠有关：你睡得越多，你的压力就越小，这一点非常正确。引出下文：但是，每天早醒15或20分钟更好。  39．F【解析】由该段中的“oneofthebestthingsyoucandoisletitbeoneofyourmotivations”可知，该段建议要把压力转化成动力。故F选项切题。 40．A【解析】上一句提到要到户外散步。下一句介绍这么做的好处，故承上启下，A选项切题：大量研究表明，花一定时间在户外活动有助于缓解压力。【备注】文章就如何缓解压力提出了几条建议。 41．C【解析】考查动词短语。由上一句中的“runinto(撞上，撞倒）”可知，在开学的第一天，作者差点撞到自己的英语老师。故C选项切题。knockover是固定短语，意为“撞倒，撞翻”。 42．B【解析】考查动词。dress给……穿衣服；wear穿（表示穿着的状态）；puton穿（表示穿的动作）；haveon穿（表示穿的状态，不用于进行时态）。由语境可知，老师穿着一件黑白相间的裙子。该处表示穿着的状态，且用的进行时，故B选项切题。  43．D【解析】考查动词。scold斥责；shout大喊；run跑；apologize道歉。由语境可知，作者撞到了人，所以开始道歉。故D选项切题。 44．A【解析】考查介词短语。infact事实上，实际上；afterall毕竟；incase以防，万一；forsure肯定地。由上一句可知，老师开始“大喊”，实际上，老师在向作者问好。故A选项切题。 45．C【解析】考查形容词。scary令人恐惧的；weak虚弱的；loud大声的；soft软的，温和的。由上文的“yell(大喊）”可知，老师和作者打招呼的声音很大。故C选项切题。 46．C【解析】考查形容词。traditional传统的；quiet安静的；creative有创造性的；rude粗鲁的，无礼貌的。结合下文老师让学生们扮演戏剧里的人物，敲鼓创造出雷的声音，说明老师在教课的时候非常有创造性，故C选项切题。 47．C 【解析】考查名词。instrument乐器，工具；game游戏；character人物；trick把戏，诀窍。由语境可知，当作者他们阅读莎士比亚的Macbeth的时候，老师让他们戴上面具，扮演里面的人物。故C选项切题。 48．B【解析】考查副词。quickly迅速地；heavily沉重地；hardly几乎不；gently温和地。由下文“makingaloudnoise”可知，老师重重地敲鼓。故B选项切题。 49．D【解析】考查动词。cry哭，喊；read读；speak说；laugh笑。由语境可知，老师的举动使学生们哈哈大笑。故D选项切题。 50．B【解析】考查名词。line线；circle圈，圆圈；chair椅子；corner拐角。由语境可知，讨论的时候，老师让学生们围成一个圆圈。故B选项切题。 51．D【解析】考查名词。film电影；book书；novel小说；play戏剧。结合上一段作者列举的例子theplayMacbethby Shakespeare可知，作者他们讨论的是戏剧，故D选项切题。 52．C【解析】考查动词。treat对待，治疗；devote把……奉献给……，把……专注于……；improve提高，改善；learn学习，学会。由前面的independent可知，老师这么做，让学生们感到独立，从而获得自我提高。故C选项切题。 53．B【解析】考查连词。despite尽管；yet但是，仍然；so因此；or或者。作者认为这是自己曾经上过的最奇怪但却最有趣的课。故B选项切题。 54．C【解析】考查连词。whenever不管什么时候；whatever不管什么；wherever不管什么地方；whichever不管哪一个。由语境可知，不管Kirsch走到哪儿，她都会微笑，大笑，讲笑话。故C选项切题。 55．A 【解析】考查名词。side边，面；story故事；identity身份，个性；purpose目的。由语境可知，上文介绍了老师非常活泼，有创造力的一面。通过but可知，作者发现了老师的另一面。故A选项切题。 56．A【解析】考查固定句式。bedoing...when...意为“正在……这时突然……”，是固定句式。由语境可知，作者在经过教室的时候，突然看到了老师和她的儿子。故A选项切题。 57．B【解析】考查动词。advise建议；persuade说服；force强迫；talk交谈。由语境可知，老师正在努力地说服孩子穿上夹克。故B选项切题。 58．D【解析】考查形容词。excited兴奋的；disappointed失望的；delighted高兴的；amazed惊奇的。由上文可知，老师一直非常活泼，所以当作者看到老师如此温柔的时候，感到很惊奇。故D选项切题。 59．C【解析】考查动词。think想，认为；happen发生；occur发生；hit击打，击中。Itoccurtosb. that...是固定句式，意为“某人突然想到……”。由语境可知，作者从来没有想到过老师会如此的安静。故C选项切题。 60．B【解析】考查副词。both两者都；just仅仅，刚刚；less较少；also也。由语境可知，作者原以为老师只是精力充沛、冷静、聪明、充满爱心，却没有想到老师也有温柔的一面。故B选项切题。【备注】这是一篇记叙文。作者在文中介绍了自己的英语老师Ms.Kirschmann，她开朗，活泼，充满创造性。但是，一次偶然的发现，让作者看到了老师温柔的一面。 61．with【解析】考查介词。befacedwith意为“面对着”，是固定搭配，故该空填with。句意：我们经常面对着很多问题。 62．tobe【解析】考查非谓语动词。turnouttobe意为“结果是，证明是”，是turnout的固定用法，故该空填tobe。句意：结果证明，这些问题比我们预料的要难。 63．expected 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。than是连词，该句补充完整为“theyareexpected”，主句主语和从句主语一致，从句谓语部分有be，可以省略从句中的主语和be，故该空填expected。 64．experiences【解析】考查名词。experience是名词，意为“经历”时可数，意为“经验”时不可数。该句表达的意思是大多数困难的经历将会变成宝贵的经验。该空中，experience意为“经历”，前面有most修饰，故该空要用名词复数形式。 65．valuable【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词lessons用形容词。 66．which【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“____canhelpuspreventfuturefailures”是非限制性定语从句，修饰lessons，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，故该从句要用which引导。 67．where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_____wecanseeourselves differently”是定语从句，修饰situations，该从句中主谓宾齐全，故引导词在从句中作抽象地点状语，该从句要用where引导。 68．it【解析】考查it的用法。it是make的形式宾语，指代“togetthroughhardtimesinthefuture”。 69．a【解析】考查冠词。will作名词，表示“意志，意志力”时，可以作可数名词，尤其是有形容词修饰时，常和不定冠词a连用。astrongwill意为“坚强的意志”。 70．willbeovercome【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：只要我们有坚强的意志，暂时的困难都将会被克服，由此，我们可以为未来做好准备。aslongas引导条件状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则，该空要用一般将来时，且主语difficulties和overcome之间是被动关系，故该空要用被动语态。综上所述，该空填willbeovercome。【备注】生活中，我们会遇到很多困难。实际上，这些困难对我们来说确实一件好事。 71.buried72.strike 73.complaints74.located75.equally76.influential77.honest78.poverty79.narrowly80.construction 81.Nowadaysit’scommonformanyhighschool  toskip(跳过)breakfast,leadingtobothpoorschoolperformance  damagetotheirhealth.Whenaskedwhytheyskipthebreakfast,somestudentssay  thinkofbreakfastastheleastimportantmealoftheday,andthinkitunnecessary,whileothers theyhavetoo  timeinthemorningtohavebreakfast.Andathirdgroup,mostlygirls  figuresaretheirbiggestconcern,saytheywant loseweighttokeepslim.Istronglysuggestthateverystudent  breakfastproperlyeveryday,sincebreakfastcanprovidethenecessaryenergyoneneeds.Inaddition,havingbreakfastcanhelpyouconcentrateinclassandstudy. 【解析】第一处：考查名词。student是可数名词，前面有many修饰，many修饰可数名词复数，故要将student改为students。第二处：考查固定短语。both...and...意为“既……又……，两者都”，是固定短语，故要将or改为and。第三处：考查冠词。三餐前一般不加冠词，故the多余，应去掉。第四处：考查代词。指代somestudents，且在句子中作主语，故要用they。第五处：考查时态。该段主要介绍的是学生们不吃早餐的原因，整段都用的是现在时态，故要将said改为say。第六处：考查few和little的区别。few修饰可数名词复数，little修饰不可数名词。time是不可数名词，故要用little来修饰。第七处：考查定语从句。“whosefiguresaretheirbiggestconcern”是定语从句，修饰girls，引导词在从句中作figures的定语，whosefigures意为“girlsfigures”，故要将who改为whose。第八处：考查非谓语动词。wanttodo意为“想要做某事”，是固定句式，故要在want和lose之间加上to。第九处：考查虚拟语气。句意：我强烈建议每个同学都要吃早饭。suggest意为“建议”，后面的宾语从句“everystudenthavebreakfastproperlyeveryday”谓语部分要用should do形式的虚拟语气，其中，should可以省略。故要将has改为have。第十处：考查副词。修饰动词study用副词。写作（略）高考满分作文：时代变革请不要放弃“习惯”一年一年，在时代的变革和变迁下，我们一点点的放弃了我们从祖先那里传承下来的习惯。时代在进步，时代在改变，为了跟上所谓的“时代”，我们放弃了原本的我们，放弃了原本的习惯。 追溯回古代，买包子，老板会给我们用一张草纸包些拿着。出门在外，不管是达官贵人还是皇子王孙皆乘马车、轿子，或者骑自己的坐骑。这种习惯，从夏商时期就一直被传承到清末。这些习惯不是没有改进，而是在改进的同时我们在其中学会了不劳而获。因为我们知道这些东西是祖先留下的，是我们继承过来的，是属于我们的，抢不走。而恰恰是这些不在意的“习惯”毁了我们自己。曾经的秦，他们用三根手指拿捏刻刀在竹简上刻字；后来的清，他们用四根手指拿捏沾有香墨的狼毫在雪白的纸上写字；今天的我们，却用上了是根手指在这里噼里啪啦的敲击键盘。我们是改革了，我们是进化了，我们是站在科技发达的前沿，但请问：“我们变革以后，您是否还会用两根手指拿捏一支钢笔，在我们雪白的A4纸上写我们祖辈创下的行、草、楷、隶……书呢？” 很早以前我问过自己，为什么我们一定非要用键盘来敲击自己的生活，不能传承中国的“美体”字，来书写我们华美的人生？我们的时代在一点点的进步，一点点的变化，我们也在其中悄无声息的“前进”。我们的“前进”就是在摒弃了我们的习惯的前提下改变的，不是吗！看似没有新颖的漫画，看似没有意义的考题，其实从侧面告诉我们，“如果我们都在吃鱼，谁去抓老鼠，谁去保留我们曾经的习惯？”我们学会了吃鱼，但是却忘记了怎么去抓一只老鼠，怎么去保护我们原有的“财产”和“资本”？非要等到那一天，突然有一只“狗”在我们的面前拿着一只心脏还在跳动的老鼠给我们说：“我才有本事传承你们祖先留下的东西，你们没资格”。那时，我们失去的就不止有习惯了，还有什么我也说不清了……。我们的国家在进步，我们的国家在发展，我们的国家在完善他所有的不足，但是却忘记了发扬我们的优势，开发我们的资产。我们走在科技的顶端，我们走在科技的前沿，但是我们也要不时的回头看看，是否有些东西和“习惯”我们没有拿走，或者已经丢弃了。如果没拿走，请回头再拿。如果丢弃了，请回头捡起，因为那是中国的东西。我们要找回习惯，找回原本属于我们的东西，不能让别人抢占了本来就是我们的东西和文化，那是我们祖先的精髓。时代，还是在一天一点的变化着，但是请所有中国人不要放弃原本就属于我们的“习惯”！因为，那是我们一个国家的命脉！