2019学年高二英语期末试卷（有答案）+高考满分作文：利义权衡中，做平凡生活的达观者 28页

2019学年高二英语期末试卷（有答案）+高考满分作文：利义权衡中，做平凡生活的达观者高二英语试卷        考试时间120分钟    试题分数150     第一部分：听力第一节1． Whosewalletprobablyisit?A.thewoman’s          B.Theman’s          C.Gina’s2. Whatisthedatetoday?  A.May1st              B.May2nd             C.May3rd3. Whomadethewoman’spersonalwebpage?  A.Sheherself           B.Herfriend.          C.Theman4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Atown             B.Anaccident         C.Amurder 5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?  A.Relatives.            B.Colleagues.          C.Neighbors.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 6.Whatisthemandoing?  A.WatchingTV     B. Listeningtotheradio.   C.Readingthenewspaper7.Whyaretherichandfamoustargetsforbeingtalkedaboutaccordingtotheman?  A.Thepublicareinterestedinthem.   B.Thepublicwanttolaughatthem.  C.Thepublicwanttomakethemfamous.听第7段材料，回答第8-10题。8.Whydoesthemanlooksad? A.Hehadtostophisstudy.      B.Hefailedhistestagain. C.Hecouldn’tunderstandtheforeigners.9.HowdidthewomanimproveherFrench? A.ByreadingFrenchnewspapers  B.BywatchingFrenchfilms.  C.Byspeakingtoherself.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?  A.Beconfident.    B.Talkwithforeigners    C.Asktheteacherforadvice. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?  A.Abasketballgame.       B.Avolleyballgame.  C.Afootballgame.12.Wheredidthemangotolastnight?  A.Aclub.                B.Astadium  .      C. Ameeting.13.Whatdidtheaudiencethinkofthegame?A.Exciting             B.Dangerous           C.Unbelievable听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthepinkdress?   A.verycheap              B.verydull          C.ofgoodquality15.Whatcolorofthesweaterdoesthemanrecommend?  A.White .             B.Purple               C.Black16.Whatkindofjacketdoesthewomanwant?  A.aleatherone          B.alightone            C.anexpensiveone听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.WhatwasProfessorRudd’strouble?   A.lackofconfidence      B.lackofintelligence.     C.absent-mindedness 18.Whatdidtheprofessordecidedtodoonehotsummerday?  A.Visithischildrenwholivenearthebeach.        B.Haveaholidaywithhischildrenonthebeach.        C.Takehischildrentovisithisfriendinaseasidetown.19.Whathappenedtotheprofessorwhenhearrivedatthestation?A.hecouldn’tcontacthisfriend.       B.Hecouldn’tfindhistraintickets.       C.hecouldn’trememberthedestination.20.Whydidtheprofessorcomebackhomeforthe2ndtime?  A.heforgothisfriend’saddress.      B.helostthepaperhiswifehadgivenhim. C.heforgottotakethetrainticketswithhim. 第二部分：阅读理解（共2节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）                               A          ItwasMolly’sjobtohandherfatherhisbrown paperlunchbageachmorningbeforeheheadedofftowork．   Onemorning，inadditiontohisusuallunchbag,Mollyhandedhimasecondpaperbag.Thisonewaswornandheldtogetherwithstaples(书钉)．“Whytwobags?”herfatherasked.“Theotherissomethingelse”Mollyanswered．“What’sinit?”“Justsomestuff．Takeitwithyou．”Notwantingtodiscussthematter,heputbothsacks（bags）intohisbriefcase,kissedMollyandrushedoff．AtmiddayheopenedMolly’sbagandtookoutthecontents：twohairribbons，threesmallstones，aplasticdinosaur，atinyseashell，asmalldoll，and13pennies．．．Thebusyfathersmiled，finishedeating，andsweptthedeskcleanintothewastebasket,Molly’sstuffincluded．   Thatevening，Mollyranupbehindhimashereadthepaper．”Where’smybag?”“Whatbag?”“TheoneIgaveyouthismorning”“Ileftitattheoffice,why?”“Iforgottoputthisnoteinit” shesaid．“And，besides，Daddy，thethingsinthesackarethethingsIreallylike．Ithoughtyoumightliketoplaywiththem．Youdidn’tlosethebag，didyou，Daddy?”“Oh，no”hesaid，lying.“Ijustforgottobringithome．I’llbring itbacktomorrow”WhileMollyhuggedherfather’sneck，heunfoldedthenotethatread”Iloveyou，Daddy.”Mollyhadgivenhimhertreasures－allthata7-year-oldhelddear．   Loveinapaperbag，andhemissedit－notonlymissedit,buthadthrownitinthewastebasket.Sobackhewenttotheoffice.Justaheadofthenightjanitor(看门人),hepickedupthebagfromthewastebasket.Heputthetreasuresinsideandcarriedithomecarefully.Thebagdidntlooksogood,butthestuffwasallthereandthat’swhatcounted.  Afterdinner,heaskedMollytotellhimaboutthestuffinthesack.Ittookalongtimetotell.Everythinghadastoryoramemory.“SometimesIthinkofallthegreattimesinthissweetlife,”hethought.   Weshouldallrememberthatit’snotthedestinationthatcountsinlife,butthejourney.Thatjourneywiththepeopleweloveisallthatreallymatters.Itissuchasimpletruthbutitissoeasilyforgotten.21．WhatdidMollygiveherfatherasecondbagfor?  A．Shedidn’twanttokeepthethingsinthebag．  B．Shehopedthosethingswouldbringhappinesstoherfather．   C．Shewantedtoremindherfatherofthestoriesbehindthethings．  D．Sheenjoyedplayingwithherfather．    22．AfterFatherheardwhathisdaughtersaid，hefelt        .  A．regretful      B．surprised       C．sad        D.satisfied23.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleofthepassage?  A．AnImportantJourney                     B．TwoBags     C．FatherandDaughter                 D．LoveinaPaperBag                                       B       BettyFriedan,bornin1921inPeoria,Illinois,attendedSmithCollegeinNorthampton,Massachusetts．Shefinishedherstudiesinpsychologyin1942.AftercollegesheattendedtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleytocontinueherstudies.Later,shemovedtoNewYorkCityand workedasareporterandeditorforlaborunionnewspapers．   In1947,BettymarriedCarlFriedan.Theyhadachild,thefirstofthree．WhenBettyFriedan becamepregnantforthesecondtime,shewasdismissedfromherjobatthenewspaper．Afterthatsheworkedasanindependentreporterformagazines.Buthereditorsoftenrejectedherattemptstowriteaboutsubjectsoutsidethetraditionalinterestsofwomen．  In1966,BettyFriedanhelpedfoundNOW,theNationalOrganizationforWomen．Sheservedasitsfirstpresident.Sheledcampaignstoendunfairtreatmentofwomenseekingjobs．Shewantedwomentotakepartinsocialandpoliticalchange．BettyFriedanledahugedemonstration（游行）inNewYorkCityforwomensrights.Demonstrationswerealsoheldinothercities．   In1981,BettyFriedanwroteabookcalled"TheSecondStage"abouttheconditionofthewomensmovement.Friedanwrotethatthetimeforhugedemonstrationsandothersucheventshadpassed．SheurgedthemovementtotrytoincreaseitsinfluenceonAmericanpoliticallife．Someyoungermembersofthemovementcriticizedherastooconservative．    BettyFriedandiedonFebruary4,2006.Shewasconsideredthemotherofmodernwomensliberationmovement．BettyFriedanoncetoldatelevisionreporterhowshewantedtoberemembered:‘‘Shehelpsmakewomenfeelbetteraboutbeingwomen．”24．AccordingtoParagraph2,Bettylostherjobbecause        ． A．shewaspregnant                    B．shegotmarried C．hereditorsdidntlikeher D．shewastooindependent25．Bettyledahugedemonstrationto           ． A．fightagainstthegovernment B．fightforwomensrights C．takepartinpoliticallife D．getsupportfromthegovernment26．Thebook"TheSecondStage"       ． A.waspopularamongyoungwomenreaders B.thoughthighlyofthosehugedemonstrations C.wasabouttheconditionofthewomensmovementthen D.decreasedthemovementsinfluenceonAmerican politicallife27．Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat               ． A．Bettyhelpedwomenlivebetter B．Bettywantedtoberememberedforever C．Bettythoughtitbettertobeawoman D．thetelevisionreporterknewBettywell                                 C   Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobecomeshort-sightedinlatelife,astudyhasshown.   Asmanyasaquarterofallcasesofshort-sightednessarecausedbytoogreatanexposuretosunlightinthefirstweeksoflife,sayeyeexperts.Theyareadvisingallparentstoputsunglassesontheirbabiesduringthefirstweeks.Scientistshadalreadyestablishedthatover-exposuretosunlightcausedshortsightednessinanimals.Researcherswhocomparedthemonthsinwhichbabieswerebornwithwhethertheyneededglasseslateronsaytheprinciplealsoappliestohumans.Astudyofalmost300,000youngadults---thelargestofitskindshowedthatthoseborninJuneandJulyhada25percentgreaterchance ofbecomingseverelyshort-sightedthanthoseborninDecemberorJanuary.ResearchleaderProfessorMichaelBelkinofTelAvivUniversity,saiditwasbecauseprolongedillumination(光照)causestheeyeballtolengthen,causingshort-sightedness.Therefore,themorelightanewbornisexposedto,themoretheeyeballlengthensandtheworsetheshort-sightednesswillbe.Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.Inyoungbabiesnotenoughmelatoninisreleasedasprotection,meaningtheyaremorevulnerabletosunburnandchangestoeyeballshape.   SightexpertProfessorDanielO’Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said“Atthemomentwedon’tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted.”28.Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.   A.becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabies   B.becausebabieswhoareborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballs    C.ifexposedtomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyareborn   D.ifparentsdon’tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies’eyes29.Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.   A.preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted    B.protecttheskinfromharmfulsunrays   C.makeourbodystrong   D.protectbabies’eyesfromsummersun30.FromwhatProfessorDanielO’Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.   A.thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlight   B.whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherproved   C.hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightedness   D.hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight31.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthepassageprobablymeans__________.A.easytobeharmed         B. resistant   C.protective      D.changeable                                     D   Lastwinter,whenIwasheavilypregnant,Iwasvisitingmysisterandbrother-in-lawshouseandhadtoparkinanearbyparkinglotbecausetheydidnthaveaccessibleparking.Thesnowwasextremelyheavyandtherewaslotsoficeontheground---notmanypeoplehadventuredoutthatevening!    WhenIreturnedtomycararound11.pm,InoticedthatIwastheonlycarleft.Nervously,Ihoppedintothecarandletitwarmupabit.WhenIfinallytriedtodriveaway,mywheelsbegantospin.Iwasstuck!Ispunandspunandwonderedwhattodo.    Allofasudden,inmyrearviewmirror,Isawfourteen-agedboysapproachingmycar.Theywerewalkingsidebysideinalineanddressedabitlikegangmembers---atleastIthoughtthatswhattheylookedlike.MycarwasinaveryisolatedareaandIbegantopanic.Iwascertaintheywerecomingtomycartoharmme.Terrified,Ijustfroze.Oneoftheyoungmentappedonmywindowandsaid"Excuseme,Maam,canwehelpyou?Youseemstuck."Still afraidandfearingtheworst,Isaid"Iamstuck."Andtheyoungmansaid"Itsokay,stayinyourcarandwellpushyououtofthesnow."Andtheydid!   Whentheyfinallygotmeoutofthesnow,theysmiledandwaved.Irolleddownmywindowandthankedthem,embarrassedtohavejudgedthemsopoorly32.Whydidtheauthorjustfreezewhenthefouryoungmenwalkingtowardhercar?A.Becauseshewasafraidofbeingharmed B.BecauseshesatinhercarfortoolongatimeC.BecauseshewascoldindeedinthatfreezingeveningD.Becausesheknewtheywouldrobherofthecar33.Theauthorfailedtodriveawaybecause__________.A.shewasterrifiedatthefouryoungmen  B.hercarwasn’twarmenoughC.itwasicyandfullofsnowontheground. D.somethingwaswrongwiththewheels.34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Oneofthefourteenagerswasagangmember B.ThekidswantedtohelptheauthoroutoftroubleC.TheauthorwouldhaveababyinhercarD.Theyoungmenenjoyedpushingcarsoutofthesnow 35.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe___________A.Everymanhashisfaults         B.FortunefavorsthosewhousetheirjudgmentC.Dontjudgeabookbyitscover    D.Thinktwicebeforeyoudo第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答案卡36—40将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余项。Ifyouthinkyou’vegainedtoomuchweightoraretooskinny,youcantalktoadoctor.Yourdoctorwilltellyou______36________.Ifitisconcernedaboutyourheight,weight,orBMI(体重指数),yourdoctormayaskquestions_______37._______.Yourdoctormayalsoaskaboutyourfamilybackgroundtofindoutifyou’vereceivedsomethingfromyourparentsthatmightmakeyoutaller,shorter,oralatebloomer(someonewhodevelopslaterthanotherpeopleofthesameage).Thedoctorcanthenputalltheinformationtogethertodecide______38_______.Ifyourweightisn’tinahealthyrange,youwillprobablygetspecificdietandexerciserecommendationsbasedonyourindividualneeds.Followingadoctor’sor dietitian’splandesignedespeciallyforyouwillworkmuchbetterthanfollowingfad(时尚)diets.Forteens,faddietsorstarvationplanscanactuallyslowdowngrowth,andtheweightlossusuallydoesn’tlast.What ______39________?Mostteenswhoweighlessthanotherteensoftheiragearejustfine.Theymaybegoingthroughpubertyonadifferentschedulethankidsofthesameage,andtheirbodiesmaybegrowingandchangingatadifferentrate.Mostunderweightteenscatchupinweightastheyfinishpubertyduringtheirlaterteenyearssothere’srarelyaneedtotrytogainweight. Inafewcases,teenagerscanbeunderweightbecauseofahealthproblemthatneedstreatment.Ifyoufeeltiredorillalot,or_____40_______,orotherproblemsthathavelastedformorethanaweekortwo,besuretoletyourparentsoryourdoctorknow.A.whetheryoumighthaveaweightorgrowthproblem.B.ifyouhavesymptomslikeacough,stomachacheC.aboutyourhealth,physicalactivity,andeatinghabitsD.ifyou’reworriedaboutbeingtooskinnyE.ifyoutakecareofitF.whetheryou’regrowingnormally G.aboutyourdieting                     第三部分  语言知识运用     （共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Amanhadalittledaughter,anonlyandmuch-belovedchild.He___41___forher.Shewashiswholelife.Onedaywhileshewasatschool,amanbrokeintothebuildingandbeganshooting___42___.Hethenturnedthegunonhimselfandtookhisown___43___.Whentheaccidentwasexamined,theman’sdaughterwasamongthe___44___.Thefatherwassosadthathebecameabitterrecluse（隐居者),___45___himselfawayfromhisfriendsandrefusingevery___46___thatmightbringhimbacktohis___47___self.Hehatedtheworldandeverythingaboutit.Itwasnot___48___thathisinnocentdaughter,whonever___49___anyone,wasavictimofthissenselessact.Whydidithavetohappentoher?Whatcouldhehavedoneto___50____it?Whowasto___51___?Howcouldheforgivethemanwho_52__hisdaughter?Thenonenighthehada___53___.Hewitnessedagrand pageant（盛会）ofallthelittleangels.Everychildcarriedacandle.Henoticedonechild’scandlewasnot___54___.Thenhesawthatthechildwiththedarkcandlewashisownlittlegirl.___55___toher,heseizedherinhisarms,huggedhertenderly,andthenasked,“Howisit,darling,thatyourcandlealoneisunlighted?”Sheanswered,“Father,they___56___relightit,butyourtearsalways___57___itout.” Justthenthemanawokefromhisdream.The___58___wasclear,anditseffectswereimmediate.Fromthathouronhewasnolongerarecluse,butmingled（交往）freelyand___59___withhisformerfriendsandassociates.Nolongerwouldhislittledarling’scandlebeextinguished（熄灭）byhisuseless___60___.41.A.begged B.waited C.lived D.studied42.A.wildly B.carefully C.nervously D.silently43.A.wealth B.life C.chance D.position44.A.blind B.poor C.sick D.dead45.A.turning B.pulling C.shutting D.driving46.A.task B.secret C.plan D.activity47.A.wise B.polite C.normal D.strict48.A.obvious B.fair C.difficult D.natural 49.A.doubted B.asked C.hurt D.cheated50.A.create B.believe C.explain D.prevent51.A.blame B.save C.beat D.trick52.A.shot B.trapped C.bothered D.wounded53.A.party B.dream C.report D.memory54.A.lighted B.carried C.hidden D.decorated55.A.Pointing B.Rushing C.Shouting D.Seeing56.A.often B.sometimes C.also D.still57.A.send B.pick C.work D.put58.A.mind B.answer C.lesson D.story59.A.seriously B.quietly C.bravely D.cheerfully60.A.words B.tears C.methods D.materials第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Itwasasunnyday.Alittleboy’sfatherwassittingonthecouch,drinkingabeerwhilewatching   61  basketballmatch.Seeingthis,theboyrushedtohisfatherand shouted,“Daddy,showmehowtoplaycatch!”Thefather,staring   62   thetelevisionscreen,replied,“ Letmefinishwatchingthematch.Playoutsideandcomebackinfiveminutes.”“Okay,Daddy!”saidtheboy,runningoutoftheroom.Fiveminuteslater,theboyreturned,  63   (scream),“Daddy,let’splaycatchnow!”Bythistime,thefatherhadopenedanothercoldbeerandanothermatchwasbeginning.64   (patient)withtheboy’sinterruption,thedadbroughtamagazinetohisson.Onthecoverofthemagazinewasalargepictureoftheworld.Thefather,whowasangryand   65  (bother),begantearingthemagazinecoverintosmall   66  .Then,thefatherturnedtohisboyandsaid,“Son,onceyouputthispicturebacktogether,wecanplaycatch,butdonotinterruptmeagain   67   youfinish.”Afewminuteslater,theboyreturnedandsaid,“I   68   (finish),Daddy!Canweplaycatchnow?”Surprised,thefatherglancedtowardshischild,and   69   laythemagazinewiththeworldpiecedperfectlytogetherinhissmallhands.Thedadaskedhischildhowheputtheworldtogethersoquickly.‘‘  70   wassimple,”saidtheboy.“Ontheback oftheworldwasthepictureofaperson,andonceIputthepersontogether,that’swhentheworldcametogether.”第三部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I’mgladtohearfromyou.NowI’lltellyousomethingaboutmyafter-schoolactivities.Wehadmanyinterestgroups,suchasEnglish,maths,computer,science,singingordancing.Wealsohaveabandandsomesportsteam.Studentscanbemembersofanygroupaccordingtheirinterest.Everyday,weenjoyourselvesbytakingapartinallkindsofafter-schoolactivities.ThemostpopularonesisballgamesandtheEnglishcorner.MoreandmorestudentskeepcometotheEnglishcornerbecausetheyfindofgreathelptotheirEnglishstudy.I’mlookingforwardtoreceivingyourlettersooner.书面表达（满分25分）      假定你是李华。在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事，请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。                       VolunteersWantedOurannualEnglishFestival,whichwillbeheldonJune15-17,2016,isnowlookingfor20studentvolunteerstoprovideserviceforTalentShow,SpeechContest,andEnglishDebate.Ifyouareinterested,pleasesendanapplicationemailatyourearliestconveniencetoMsChenat  chenlaoshi@aef.com.写作要点：1.表示写信意图；2.陈述应征目的；3.说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。写作要求：1.邮件词数不少于100；2.开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；         3.可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯4.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。 SeatNo.Name:class高二英语期末考试答题纸 语法填空：（满分15分）61.____________                             62_______________ 63.___________                             64.______________  65.___________                             66._______________  67.____________                             68_______________    69.____________                             70.______________短文改错：（满分10分）I’mgladtohearfromyou.NowI’lltellyousomethingaboutmyafter-schoolactivities.Wehadmanyinterestgroups,suchasEnglish,maths,computer,science,singingordancing.Wealsohaveabandandsomesportsteam.Studentscanbemembersofanygroupaccordingtheirinterest.Everyday,weenjoyourselvesbytakingapartinallkindsofafter-schoolactivities.ThemostpopularonesisballgamesandtheEnglishcorner.More andmorestudentskeepcometotheEnglishcornerbecausetheyfindofgreathelptotheirEnglishstudy.I’mlookingforwardtoreceivingyourlettersooner. 书面表达：（满分25分）_DearMSChen,I’mLiHua,astudentfromClass2.Grade________________________________________________                              __________                                                ___________________ __                                                ___________________Lookingforwardtoyourreply.                                                           Yourstruly,  高二期末英语参考答案： 阅读：21—23BAD  24—27ABCA 29—31CBCA  32—35ACBC36—40FCADB 完型：41-45CABDC 46-50DCBCD 51-55AABAB56-60ADCDB语篇填空：61．a 62．at 63．screaming 64．Impatient 65．bothered 66．pieces 67．until/before 68．havefinished 69．there 70．It/That/This改错：1.my-our2.had-have3.or-and4.team-teams5.加to6.a删7.is-are8.come-coming9.find后加it 10.sooner-soonPossibleversion：DearMSChen,I’mLiHua,astudentfromClass2,Grade3.I’mwritingtoapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.  Ireallywanttoobtainthispreciousopportunitybecause,byofferingmyservice,Iwillbeabletoimprovemyorganizationalability,communicationskillsaswellasmyconfidenceinspeakingEnglishinpublic. Asanoutgoinggirl,Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.Besides,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.Successfully,IhavelentahelpinghandtoherinseveralEnglishactivitiesofmyclass,whichhavebeenappreciatedbybothteachersandclassmates.  IamsurethatIcanperfectlyliveuptoyourexpectations.Iwillbegratefulifyoucouldgivemeakindconsideration. Lookingforwardtoyourreply.                                 Yourstruly,高考满分作文：利义权衡中，做平凡生活的达观者 《说文解字》说，利，利括也。引申为收获鼓舞，得义好处。义则是指公正合宜的道德或举动。人们常常把利与义放在对立的角度看：孟子就曾对梁惠王说“王何必日利？亦有仁义而已矣”，在我初中课本里他也说“二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也”，我常感到困惑。毕竟：不是每个平的中学生都有机会舍生取义。而且，就连曾经贴在教室里的救火英雄赖宁，也被请了下去一我要学会在保证自身安全的情况下去见义勇为。可能，那个动荡的用牺牲和死亡造就英雄、成全美名的时代已经过去。但我认为，这是时代越发达观的表现，是人性越发真挚且被尊重的表现。其实，如果把利加上一个对象，不仅仅是我们日常生活中狭隘的于己有利，而目还于人有利更能于国有利，这样的利，又何尝不是义呢？ 只是在这几者之间，我们常常陷入动机与结果的道德判断。电影《剪刀手爱德华》里面的小女孩，捧着糖果送邻居，是因为妈妈教她要让别人喜欢你，然后才会帮助你，这种与人为善，并不是发自内心的善，而是想要利用这种善去讨好他人，于己得利。这种善，不就是伪善吗?儒家先贤的教导，“无欲速，无见小利。欲速则不达，见小利则大事不成”，难道也是这个意思吗?难怪少年时喜欢道家的洒脱果决，不喜欢儒家的投机取巧。就如同少年时读《红楼梦》都喜欢林黛玉，因为她真性情，宁可自私得纯粹，也不宽容得虚伪。可是慢慢长大了，却喜欢上了薛宝钗，因为她懂得这个世界的规则，即使她的最终的目的是让自己活得通达些，但她至少会表现得尊重别人，倾听别人所需。动机和行动哪个更为重要?或许，小孩才分对错，而大人只看利弊。但在利弊权衡时，先他人之利而后己，先成人，后达己，这样的人，本就是平凡生活中的大英雄啊！因为他的眼中并不是只见自己，而不见众生。破除小利，直奔大义，不仅仅是懂得成全他人，更是懂得不轻易苛责和评价他人。达观的人知道，生活不易，每个人都有每个人的难处。正如木心在《杰克逊高地》的结尾说，“不知原谅什么，诚觉世事皆可原谅”。到了这种境界，颇有一些佛心佛性了，不高悬道德的皮鞭，对他人任意鞭挞，而是慈悲地看着忙碌而庸常的众生，虽然艰难却积极地活下去，这就是普通人的达观，虽然艰难，甚至吃相有些难看，但没有放弃，依旧在为着明天而汲汲。对生命的热爱，对苦难的不屈，这难道不是普通人的英雄主义吗?我不再像曾经那般只用少年的眼来看这个世界，我知道，这个世界的绝大多数人都生活在尘埃里，他们虽艰难，但积极而乐观。如果真的那么荣幸，有机会接受大是大非的考验，达观的普通人，一样会做出不让人失望的抉择，因为舍鱼而取熊掌，会让日后的路走得太难太难。这何尝不是看透了大利与小利，而坚定地选择义呢？