育才分流英语语法词法精品辅导(1) 19页

育才分流英语语法词法精品辅导4状语从句、简单句、习惯用法、交际用语状语从句【要点点拨】近几年高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：【考点1】when，while与as的用法均可表示"当…的时候"，但有区别：when：既可接表示动作性或短暂性的动词，也可接表示状态的动词，不强调主从句谓语动作同时发生。有时还有"这时"的意思。while：常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为"然而"。as：强调同时发生或伴随进行。常用一般现在时或过去时，意为"一边…一边…"。有时还有"随着"含义。①Idoeverysinglebitofhousework_myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as【考点2】"一…就…"几种表达法once，assoonas，themoment/minute，immediately/directly/instantly引导的从句常用一般现在时或过去时。 hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…结构中，前句常用过去完成式(常用部分倒装形式)，后句用过去式。Ondoingsth.，each/every/thefirst/thelast+time后也可直接接从句，一起作时间状语。②--DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?--Yes.Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once【考点3】because，as，since与for的用法比较because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。since：表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为"既然"。as：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系。for：常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，且不可位于句首。③_youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.A.ForB.SinceC.WhenD.while【考点4】nomatter后可接who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，whether引导的让步主语从句可用whoever，whomever，whenever，whichever，whatever，wherever，however替换，但在ever引导其它从句时不可用nomatter引导。 ④_,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestudyisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing【考点5】until/till的用法⑤Itwas_backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn"tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn"tgo⑥--Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?--Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinthegrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when【考点6】引导让步主语从句应注意等几个问题1.由although/though，evenif/though引导注意although/though引导从句时，主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。2.由whether…or(not)引导3.由though或as引导的倒装句中。4.though用作副词，可位于句末，并用逗号分开。⑦--Dad,I"vefinishedmyassignment.--Good,and_youplayorwatchTV,youmustn"tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter 【考点7】before用法注意before在下列句型中的使用Itwillbe+一段时间+before+从句Itwon"tbelongbefore+从句before一词在不同的句型中就有不同的意思，如："在…之前"、"过了…才"、"没…就"、"不知不觉就…"等。⑧Itwillbealongtime_Mr.Black_backabroad.A.before；comesB.since；hascomeC.before；willcomeD.after；willcome【考点8】where引导的定语从句与where引导的地点状语从句的区别⑨--Ihavelearnedthatalargenewbuildingwillbesetup_theTwinTowersoncestood.--SohaveI.ButtheAmericanpeoplehaven"tyetgotovertheshockofSeptember11.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that【考点9】sothat可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句⑩Rosesneedspecialcare_theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as【考点10】状语从句的省略用法1.当when，while，if，unless引导状语从句时，如果主从句的主语一致，且谓语部分由be动词构成(或者从句中有itis…)时，可省略主语和be动词(或省略itis)。 2.在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有had，should，were时，可省略if，用"had，should，were+主语"形式。3.以as，than引导的比较状语从句可全部或部分省去。4.asif和asthough从句可用省略形式，后接不定式、分词、形容词和介词。⑾Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun⑿Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken答案：BBBCCCBAABDB简单句【要点提示】1、感叹句：感叹句有两个基本句式句式：1)What+N.phrase+subject+be/v.！这里的名词短语有以下三种可能：a、a/an+adj.+名词单数b、adj.+名词复数c、adj.+不可数名词e.g.Whatalovelyboyheis！Whatsweetflowerstheyare！Whatcoldweatheritis！2)How+adj.+the+N.(单数、复数、不可数)+subject+be/link-v.e.g.Howlovelytheboyis！Howsweettheflowersare！ Howcouldtheweatheris！Howsmooththesilkfeels！另：上两种感叹句可以相互转换有时,在上下文明确的情况下，可以省略How后面的形容词。e.g.How(fast/well)thestudentswork！Howwell/beautifully)shesings！2、反意疑问句：1)反意疑问句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原则。e.g.Helikesplayingfootball,doesn"the?Youdon"twatchTVintheevening,doyou?注：a、当前否后肯时，要注意它的答局的意思。e.g.Shedoesn"tspeakEnglish,doesshe?Yes,shedoes.(不，她讲英语的)No,shedoesn"t.(是的，不讲)2)祈使句的反意部分用won"tyou?/shan"twe?或willyou?/shallwe?但常用willyou?/shallwe?e.gLendmeahand,willyou?Letuspassthroughtheroom,willyou?Don"tmakeanynoise,willyou?Let"splaytennisnow,shallwe?3)含有否定意思的副词：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely等，属于准否定词，用于句中时，该句即为否定句。e.g.HehardlygoeshomeonSundays,doeshe?Thelittleboyseldomtellslies,doeshe? 但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等词，虽然也有否定意思，但由于它们是在一个词前加前缀dis-/im-/un-等或在词后加后缀-less构成的，不属于准否定词。当这些词用于句中时，该句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。e.g.Youdislikethewayhespeaks,don"tyou?Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinthreehours,isn"tit?4)must表示推测时，反意部分用must后面的动词的相应助动词形式。e.g.HemustknowbothEnglishandFrench,doesn"the?Shemusthaveknowtheanswertothequestion,hasn"tshe?Theymusthavevisitedthefarmlastweek,didn"tthey?注意：a、Letme引起的祈使句，反意部分用willyou?/won"tyou?/mayI。b、当陈述部分的主语是：-body或-one构成的不定代词时，反意部分的主语用he或they；是-thing时，用it。c、Iam….的反意部分用aren"tI?3、双宾语：有些英语动词可以接双宾语，句式为：subject+vt.+sb.(间接宾语)+sth.(直接宾语)英语中，能接双宾语的常用动词有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish….。e.g.CanIaskyouaquestion,Sir?Shemademeamodelshipformybirthday.注：带双宾语的句子可以被改为subject+vt.+sth(直接宾语)+介词+sb.的形式。 其中的介词，常用的有：to、for、of….。归纳如下：handowepaypostpromisereadreturnsendshowteach…sth.tosb.boilbuydrawchooseearnfindgatherordersavesing…sth.forsb.askrequestdemandsth.of/fromsb.另还有：playajoke/trickonsb；playagamewith/againstsb.e.g.Excuseme,youdemandtoomuchfrom/ofme.MayIaskaquestionofyou?4、句型：Subject+link-v.+n./adj.在该句型中的系动词有特定含义，有"人称、数、时态"等形式变化。常用的有：显得：look,appear,seem变得：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn持续是：continue,keep,remain,stand,stay听(闻、尝、摸)起来：sound,smell,taste,feel证明是：provee.g.Hiswordsprovedright.Thedishsmellswonderful.5、有些动词不表示动作，而表示事物的特性，用主动形式表示被动含义，这类动词有：wash,write,sell,drive,feel,hang….等。e.g.Somepicturesarehangingonthewall.Thiskindofcardrivesmoothandfast. Thepenwriteswellsosellswell.习惯用法【要点点拨】1.It"sthefirsttimethat….(从句中用现在完成时)Itwasforthefirsttimethat…(强调句，对状语forthefirsttime进行强调)It"s(high)timethat….(从句中用过去时或shoulddo)2.It"sthesamewithsb./Soitiswithsb.表示某人也如此(用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词)3.…beabouttodo/bedoing…when….正要做/正在做…就在那时….4Aistwice/threetimesas+原级+asBAistwice/threetimesthen.ofB.Aistwice/threetimes+比较级+thanB5.It"sawasteoftime/moneydoing/todo…It"snouse/gooddoing…It"spossible/probable/(un)likelythat….Itmakesgreat/nosensetodo…做某事很有/没意义6.There"snouse/gooddoing….There"snosense/point(in)doing…Thereisnoneedforsth./todo….Thereis(no)possibilitythat…(同位语从句) 7.The+比较级….,the+比较级…越….,越….注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8.Itseems/appears(tosb.)thatsb….在某人看来某人….=Sb.seems/appearstobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….Itseems/looksasif….好象/似乎….9.It(so)happenedthatsb.….某人碰巧….=Sb.happenedtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….10.Itissaid/thought/believed/hoped/supposed….thatsb…=Sb.issaidtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hopesb.todo结构)12….such….that….如此….以致于(引导结果状语从句)….such….as…像….的这种…(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13.DoyoumindifIdosth.?/WouldyoumindifIdidsth.?14.Thechanceisthat…./(The)Chancesarethat….很可能….15.Check/Makesure/Seetoit/Seethat….(从句中常用一般现在时)确信/务必….16.dependonitthat….取决于seetoitthat….负责/设法做到….注意：除了except/but/in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17.Itis/was+介词短语/从句/名词/代词等+that… How/When/Where/Whyis/wasitthat….?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别)18.Howisitthat….(这几个句型都表示"怎么会….?""怎么发生的?")Howcome+从句?Howdoes/didsth.comeabout?(Howdiditcomeaboutthat….?)如：Howcomeyouarelateagain?19.Thereseems/appears/happenstobe/mustbe/can"tbe/is(are,was,were)saidtobe/is(are,was,were)thoughttobe….表示".似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/据说有/认为有…."介词(如of)therebeingwant/wish/expecttheretobe要/希望/期待有….adj./adv.enoughfortheretobe….足够….会有….注意：therebeing/theretobe为therebe的非谓语形式；Itissaid/thoughtthatthereis/are…=Thereis/was/are/weresaid(thought)tobe….如：Ihaveneverdreamoftherebeingsuchagoodchanceforme.Itwon"tbecoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight.20.疑问词+插入语+陈述语序?Whodoyouthinkhe"llhaveattendthemeeting? 21.Butfor+n./pron.,sb./sth.would(not)havedone….要不是….,某人早就…(表示虚拟语气)=Ifithadnotbeenfor….,…./Iftherehadnotbeen….,….22.Itwon("t)belongbefore+从句(从句中用一般现在时)不久/很久就要….Itwas(not)longbefore+从句(从句中用一般过去时)不久/很久才….23.Thosewho….(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式).Anyonewho…=Whoever….(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24….主句(一般现在时或过去时)….when从句….(might/shoulddo或might/shouldhavedone)表示"对比",意思为"本该…(可)而却",主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如：Whyareyouherewhenyoushouldbeinschool?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceeded.本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25.Thereis./Sb.havenodoubtthat…(同位语从句,that不可省略)Thereis/Sb.havesomedoubtwhether….(同位语从句不可用if)Sb.doubtif/whether….Sb.don"tdoubtthat…26.immediately/directly/instantly/themoment+从句on/upon+n./doingNosoonerhadsb.donethan….(过去时)Hardlyhadsb.donewhen….(过去时) 注意：这几个结构都表示"一….就"；27.everytime/eachtime/thelasttime/thefirsttime/nexttime+从句(名词性短语引导一个时间状语句)anywhere/everywhere+从句(相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句)Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyoursonalong.28.Ifonly/Iwish+从句(用过去类时态)表示虚拟语气,"要是….就好了""但愿…就好了！"29.Considering+n.或pron.或that从句/Seeingthat….考虑到/鉴于….Given+n./pron作状语,表示"在有…的情况下""如果有""假定",有时也表示"考虑到"Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldhelphimnow.Givengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.Giventheirinexperience/thattheyareinexperienced,they"vedoneagoodjob.30.Therewasatimewhen….曾经有那么一度….31.otherthan与no,not,none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如：ItwasnoneotherthanMr.Smith.这正是Smith先生.32.Notuntil….did/do/does/willsb.do…Itwas/isnotuntil…thatsb… 33.It"s(un)likesb.todo/tohavedone…做某事很像某人/做某事可不像某人34.ItremainstobeseenWh--words….是否….还有待于看.(不用that,if作连接词)35.Itonlyremainsforsb.todo…剩下的只是要某人做某事.We"vegoteverythingready.Itonlyremainsforyoutocometodinner.36.Onemoment….,andnow…刚才一会儿还在做…而现在却….37.Notall/both/everyone…表示部分否定38.Suchis/are….这(些)就是….(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39.I"drather(not)do/havedone…我宁愿….I"drather+从句(从句中用过去时或过去完成时)40.It"simportant/necessary/strange/surprising….+that…(用陈述语气或shoulddo)41.Ilike/hate/appreciateitthat/when等从句(it表示后面从句的这种情况)Iappreciateitifyouwillgivemeahand.42.Bythetime+从句(一般现在时/过去时)，主句(将来完成时/过去完成时)43….,asisoftenthecasewithsb./asisusualwithsb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44incase/lest/forfearthat….(从句中用陈述语气或shoulddo) 45.While置于句首可表示Aslongas或AlthoughWhilethereislifethereishope.WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisbadones.46.cannot(never)…too+adj.(adv.)/adj.(adv.)+enough"越…越好""非常"too+adj.(anxious/eager/willing/ready/glad等)+todo….表示肯定意思Ican"tthankyouenough.我非常感激你.Hewastoogladtoseehisfather.=Hewasverygladtoseehisfather.47.not/neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：---Doyouagreewithhissuggestion?---Ican"tagreemore.48.Whatif….要是….怎么办?Whatifhedoesn"tcometomorrow?49.more….than与其….不如….Heismorenervousthanfrightened.50.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)Itistwoyearssincehedrank.他不喝酒已两年了.交际用语易错常考的日常交际用语1.问候和应答 A：Howareyoudoing?B：Fine,thankyou./Justso-so.A：Pleaseremembermetoyourparents.B：Sure,Iwill.2.介绍和应答A：ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBrown.B：Hello！/Howdoyoudo?/Nicetomeetyou！3.告别Seeyou(later)！/Goodnight！(cf.Goodevening！)/Niceseeingyou.4.感谢和应答A：Manythanks！/Thanksforyourhelp！/Iappreciateyourhelp！B：That"sallright(OK)./Youarewelcome./Don"tmentionit./It"sapleasure./Mypleasure.(cf.Withpleasure.用于回答对方的求助、邀请)5.道歉和应答A：I"msorry.B：That"sallright(OK.)./Itdoesn"tmatter./Nevermind./That"snothing./Forgetit.6.邀请和应答A：Wouldyouliketo.?B：Yes,I"dloveto./Yes,withpleasure./Yes,it"sverykind(nice)ofyou./I"dloveto,butIhaveotherplans.7.请求允许和应答 A：CouldIsmokehere?/IwonderifIcouldsmokehere.B：Yes(Certainly)./Yes,doplease./Ofcourseyoumay./That"sOK(allright)./I"msorry,butitisnotallowed/You"dbetternot.A：DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?B：Notatall./Ofcoursenot./Certainlynot./I"msorry,butyou"dbetternot.8.祝愿、祝贺和应答A：Goodluck！/Bestwishestoyou./Haveanice/goodtime./Congratulations！/Haveagoodjourney.！B：Thankyou.A：HappyNewYear！/MerryChristmas！/Happybirthdaytoyou.B：Thesametoyou.9.提供帮助和应答A：CanIhelpyou?/Wouldyoulikesomehelp?B：Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/Yes,please./No,thankyouall(just)thesame./No,thankyouanyway./That"sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.A：WhatcanIdoforyou?B：I"dliketogototheNo.3MiddleSchool.10.约会A：Shallwemeetat4：30?/Let"smakeit4：00.B：Allright.Seeyouthen. 11.打电话A：Hello！MayIspeaktoTom?B：Holdon,please.A：IsthatMaryspeaking?B：Sheisn"thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?12.就餐A：Wouldyoulikesomemoremeat?/Helpyourselftosomemoremeat.B：Thankyou.I"vehadenough./Justalittle,please.13.看病A：What"sthematter?/Whatseemstobethetrouble?B：Idon"tfeellikeeating./I"vegotacough./Ifeelterrible(bad)./Idon"tfeelwell./I"vegotapainhere./Ithurtshere.14.购物A：WhatcanIdoforyou?/May(CanI)helpyou?B：I"dliketobuyadictionary.A：Howaboutthisone?B：That"sfine.I"lltakeit.15.问路和应答A：Excuseme.Where"sthewashroom?/Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?B：Godownthisstreet.Turnright/leftatthesecondcrossing.Sorry,Idon"tknow.Iamastrangerhere. 16.谈论天气A：What"stheweatherliketoday?/How"stheweatherinBeijing?B：It"sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc./It"sratherwarm(cold/hot).today,isn"tit?17.处理交际中的障碍Pardon.！/Ibegyourpardon./Pleasesaythatagain(moreslowly.)Whatdoyoumeanby….?/I"msorryIcan"tfollowyou.18.提醒注意Youcan"t(mustn"t)smokehere./Nosmoking！/Wetpaint！/Mindyourhead(step)/Takecare！/Becareful！/Lookout！19.同意和不同意Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse./Yes,please./That"sagoodidea./IagreeNo,Idon"tthinkso./I"mafraidnot./Ireallycan"tagreewithyou./Noway(决不,没门)20时间或日期和应答A：Whattimeisitnow?/What"sthetime?B：It"saboutthree.A：Whatdayisittoday?B：It"sWednesday.A：Excuseme.Haveyougotthetime?B：Yes,it"ssixtwenty.特别声明：1：资料来源于互联网，版权归属原作者2：资料内容属于网络意见，与本账号立场无关3：如有侵权，请告知，立即删除。