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2012届高考英语二轮语法复习学案(形容词和副词)比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级说明 例词 一般情况加er,estsmaller,smallest 以e结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词,加词尾er,est以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词改y为i,再加er,estbusier,busiest 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母,加er,estfatter,fattest 以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er,estnarrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加moremost morebeautiful, mostimportant 副词的比较级和最高级 1.大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。 2.少数单音节副词,加er,est构成其比较级和最高级。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder,elderoldest,eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句
相等as原形as (as原形+名词as)Thetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train. Hehasnotasmuchmoneyashisfriend.不及notas(so)原形as (notas+名词+原形as)Sheisnotas(so)beautifulashersister. 比较级+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.超越the+比较级+ofthetwo 两者中较…的一个Heisthetallerofthetwo.用于否定no+比较级+than 和…一样不HeisnoricherthanI. 他和我一样不富有。用于否定最…不过Hisworkcouldn"tbeworse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增erander,moreandmore+多音节词原级(越来越…)higherandhighermoreandmoreimportant两种情况同时变化the+比较级,the+比较级 (越…,越…)Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe"llbeabletoleave.三者或三者以上比较the+最高级+of/in+比较范围 (…之中最…)Ofallthingsintheworld,peoplearetheprecious.比较级结构的修饰语 1.用于原级之前: almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,half,twice,threetimes,athird,etc. Johnisalmostastallasyou. Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone. Wehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm. 2.用于比较级前 many,afew(用于"more+可数名词"前) Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane. alot,much,abit,even,alittle,still,agreatdeal,far,rather,twoyears,tenpercent,threetimesetc. It"scoldthisyear,butit"sevencolderlastyear. Weproduced6%moregrainthisyearthanwedidlastyear. 3.用于形容词和最高级前
thevery,muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/second Thishatisbyfarthelargestintheworld. Goldistheverymostvaluableofallmaterials.位置与功能高考重点要求 1.掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法 2.掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。 3.注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。 4.分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。 此项语法内容从1991年到达2001年间共出现45次(包括上海题),可见其重要。 形容词作用与位置 1.定语。 在名词前做定语,为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词(含其它起形容词作用的词)做前置定语的顺序。 "县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即: 限(冠词数词等)观(描绘)形(大小、形状等)龄(年龄、新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍、出处等)材(材料、功用等) aninterestingEnglishfilmaheavyblackChinesesilkumbrella 做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no,any,some,every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。 2.表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。 常见系动词有:be 变化系词:become,get,turn,grow,go 保持系词:keep,remain,stay 感观系词:look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc. 3.形容词作状语,表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。 Hewenttobed,coldandhungry. 4.做宾补。 N:①某些以a开始的形容词只做表语,不做定语。 afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive ②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语 well,illfaint ③某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。 friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,orderly等。 ④复合形容词的形式问题。 an800-meter-wideriveranEnglish-speakingcountryamiddle-agedman 副词 位置 1)时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现,则地点副词在前。 TheywentboatinginZhongshanParkyesterday. 2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点 always,seldom,often,never,rarely,usually等,通常放于行为动词之前,be词、情态动词和助动词之后。
Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillneverbelievehim. 3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前(但enough除外) Heisveryyoung,soheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool. N:有些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以ly结尾,但它们的含义是不同的。 closely-closenearly-nearfreely-freedeeply-deephighly-highwidely-wide等。 以ly结尾的词表较为抽象的含义,而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。 Heishighlypraisedforwhathehasdone.(高度地) Hecanseeabirdisflyinghighinthesky.(飞得高,具有可见性)练1、练习、形容词和副词高考题选:1.Johnhasthreesisters.Maryisthe___ofthethree.(MET88) A.mostcleverest B.moreclever C.cleverest D.cleverer2.Thestudentsare___youngpeoplebetweentheageofsixteenandtwenty.(MET88) A.most B.almost C.mostly D.atmost3.Shetoldus___storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.(MET88) A.suchaninteresting B.suchinterestinga C.soaninteresting D.asointeresting4.Itisimpossibleforso___workerstodosoworkinasingleday.(MET88) A.few,much B.few,many C.little,much D.little,many5.Thehorseisgettingoldandcan"trun___itdid.(MET88) A.asfasteras B.sofastthan C.sofastas D.asfastas6.Thestorysounds___.(MET89) A.tobetrue B.astrue C.beingtrue D.true7.I"dbeenexpecting___lettersthewholemorning,butthereweren"t___forme.(MET89) A.some;any B.many;afew C.some;one D.afew;none8.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced___grain___theydidlastyear.(MET89) A.asless;as B.asfew;as C.less;than D.fewer;than9.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.(MET90) A.astwicemany B.asmanytwice C.twiceasmany D.twicemanyas10.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe,but______.(MET90) A.cheaper;notasbetter B.morecheaper;notasbetter C.cheaper;notasgood D.morecheap;notasgood11.---CanIhelpyou? ---Well,I"mafraidtheboxis___heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.(MET90) A.so B.much C.very D.too12.---Excuseme,isthisMr.Brown"soffice? ---I"msorry,butMr.Brown___workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.(MET90) A.notnow B.nomore C.notstill D.nolonger
13.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith___moneyand___people.(MET90) A.less;less B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer D.fewer;less14.Oh,John.___yougaveme!(MET90) A.Howapleasantsurprise B.Howpleasantsurprise C.Whatapleasantsurprise D.Whatpleasantsurprise15.---Howdidyoufindyourvisittomuseum? ---Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas___thanIexpected.(MET91) A.farmoreinteresting B.evenmuchinteresting C.somoreinteresting D.alotmuchinteresting16.Canadaislargerthan___countryinAsia.(NMET91) A.any B.anyother C.other D.another17.Thoseorangestaste___.(MET91) A.good B.well C.tobegood D.tobewell18.Theexperimentwas___easierthanwehadexpected.(NMET91) A.more B.muchmore C.much D.moremuch19.___foodyou"vecooked!(NMET91) A.Howanice B.Whatanice C.Hownice D.Whatnice20.Goandgetyourcoat.It"s___youleftit.(MET92) A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere21.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes___.(MET92) A.open B.tobeopened C.toopen D.opening22.---Areyoufeeling___? ---Yes,I"mfinenow.(NMET92) A.anywell B.anybetter C.quitegood D.quitebetter23.Whichis___country,CanadaorAustralia?(MET92) A.alarge B.larger C.alarger D.thelarger24.---WillyougivethismessagetoMr.White,please? ---Sorry,Ican"t.He___.(MET92) A.doesn"tanymoreworkhere B.doesn"tanylongerherework C.doesn"tworkanymorehere D.doesn"tworkhereanylonger25.Howcanyoufinishthedrawing?(MET92) A.often B.soon C.long D.rapid26.___terribleweatherwe"vebeenhavingthesedays!(MET92) A.Howa B.Whata C.How D.What27.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain.It"s___byroad. (MET93) A.quick B.thequickest C.muchquick D.quicker28.___fromBeijingtoLondon!(MET93) A.Howlongwayitis B.Whatalongwayisit C.Howlongwayisit D.Whatalongwayitis29.Shedoesn"tspeak___herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(MET93) A.aswellas B.asoftenas C.somuchas D.asgoodas30.---Mum,IthinkI"m___togetbacktoschool.
---Notreally,Mydear.You"dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.(NMET93) A.sowell B.sogood C.wellenough D.goodenough31.---Ifyoudon"tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone. ---OK,butdoyouhavesize___inblue?Thisone"sabittightforme.(NMET93) A.abig B.abigger C.thebig D.thebigger32.Johnplaysfootbal___,ifnotbetterthan,Davi.(NMET94) A.aswell B.aswellas C.sowell D.sowellas33.Weallwrite___,evenwhenthere"snetmuchtosay.(NMET94) A.nowandthen B.byandby C.stepbystep D.moreorless34.---Doyouremember___hecame? ---YesIdo,hecamebycar.(NMET94) A.how B.when C.that D.if35.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.(NMET94) A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertime C.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertime36.---Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet? ---No,I"llfinishin___tenminutes.(NMET95) A.another B.other C.more D.less37.---I"dlike___informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please. ---Well,youcouldhave___wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.(NMET95) A.some;a B.an;some C.some;some D.an;a38.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,___greatitis.(NMET95) A.what B.how C.however D.whatever39.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining____.(NMET96) A.badly B.hardly C.strongly D.heavily40.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard___.(NMET96) A.thebettervoice B.agoodvoice C.thebestvoice D.abettervoice41.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.(NMET93) A.littletwoother B.twolittleother C.twootherlittle D.littleothertwo42.---HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?(NMET95) ---Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspent___thedaysattheseaside. A.fewlastsunny B.lastfewsunny C.lastsunnyfew D.fewsunnylast43.Canyoubelievethatin___arichcountrythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople?(MET95) A.such;such B.such;so C.so;so D.so;such44.Waittillyouaremore___.It"sbettertobesurethansorry.(NMET97) A.inspired B.satisfied C.calm D.certain45.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis___knownforhisplays.(NMET98) A.thebest B.more C.better D.themost
46.___totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(NMET2000) A.Braveenoughstudents B.Enoughbravestudents C.Studentsbraveenough D.Studentsenoughbrave47.It"salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,___ifyoudon"tspeakthelanguage.(NMET2000) A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially48.Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)___trick.(2001春招) A.ordinary B.easy C.smart D.simple49.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___itisascience.(NMET2001) A.anartmuchas B.muchanartas C.asanartmuchas D.asmuchanartas50.---I"mvery___withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious. ---Mm,itdoeshavea___smell.(2002春招) A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant51.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas___IQ. A.ahigh B.ahigher C.thehigher D.thehighest形容词和副词1.C.原题中的threesisters这一信息词语暗示考生要用最高级的形式。clever的最高级有两种:themostclever,thecleverest2.C.mostly是副词,意思是:"主要地",修饰整个句子。用most时应为mostofthestudents;用almost通常说almostall+n.3.A.such与so修饰名词时可这样使用。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数somany/few十可数名词复数somuch/little+不可数名词4.A.few修饰可数名词的复数;much修饰不可数名词。5.D.A、C项是语法错误。as…as之间不能用比较级形式。B项也是语法错误,than前没有比较级,把than变成as就对了。实际上notas…as=notmorethan.6.D.sound是"听起来"的意思。它是系动词,其后接形容词做表语。类似的系动词还有lookseemtastesmellfell.7.A.some常用在肯定句中,而any常用在否定、疑问和条件句中。8.C.grain是不可数名词。A项是语法错误,as…as之间用原级,B项few不修饰grain,D项也如此。9.C.表示倍数的词与其他表示程度的副词修饰as…as结构时,应放在其前面。10.C.该题考查了考生是否掌握形容词比较级的两种形式,该句可理解为:Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnotasgoodasthoseinthisshop.11.D.此处可理解为theboxistooheavyforyoutocarry.12.D.nolonger强调时间;nomore强调数量和次数。13.C.better这一信息词可暗示考生用比较级形式,less修饰不可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词的复数。14.C.what与how修饰名词引起的感叹句: what+a/an+形容词十单数可数名词
what+形容词+可数名词复数 what+形容词+不可数名词 How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 注意what的用法与sach相似,how与so相似。且gives B.asurprise是惯用法。15.A.用来修饰比较级的副词有:alittle,abit;evenstill;far,byfar;alot,agreatdeal;much,any(用于否定、疑问);rather.16.A.用比较级表示最高级的意思,用than+anyother+单数名词(包括主语在内)或用any+单数名词(比较范围不包括主语在内)。因加拿大不属亚洲。如,把Asia改为NorthAmerica,则B正确。17.A.taste是系动词,后接形容词做表语。B项well如果是形容词,表示"身体好"。但Thingsarewellwithme.属于特殊情况。参看6题。18.C.参看15题。19.D.参看14题。20.B.where引导表语从句,且where在表语从句中做地点状语。21.A.当open做宾补时,一般用它的形容词,不用它的现在分词。又如:withhiseyesopen/closed22.B.any修饰比较级时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中。23.D.表示两者中"最…"的意思,用the+比较级。此句可理解Canadaisthelargerofthetwocountries.24.D.nomore与nolonger变成not…anymore或not…anylonger时anymore和anylonger要置于句尾,可参看12题。25B.howoften表示频率,与题意不符。howlong句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词,是"多久"的意思。D项rapid是形容词不能修饰动词。Howsoon的回答词用in+时间,因此,全句的意思是:"在多长时间之内(或以后)你能画完画?"且句中谓语是瞬间动词。26.D.可参看14题。weather是不可数名词。27.D.此处可理解为It"squickertogobyroadthanbytrain. 28.D.参看14题。 29.A.原题中的but与excellent两个信息词可暗示考生,且notas…as相当于notmorethan,因此,该句的意思是:"她讲的不如朋友的好,但她的笔头好。"30.C.well是形容词"身体好"的意思。这是It"s+adj+enoushtodosth句型。该句意思是:"我身体已好,可以返回学校了。"31.B.形容词的比较级修饰可数名词的单数时,前面不要忘了加a,泛指比较…的-个。例如,Thisshirtisalittlelarger.Couldyoushowmeasmallerone?32.B.是29题的创新。该句的意思是:"如果不比David好的话,那么会跟David踢的一样好。"ifnotbetterthan为插入语。33.A.从evenwhenthere"snotmuchtosay这一信息句可知。nowandthen相当于sometimes,occasionally和fromtimetotime,B项byandby=soon,C项stepbystep=gradually,D项moreorless=about,修饰名词,但也可修饰动词,作状语。34.A.从答语中bycar可知,how问的是方式。35.D.haveagood/happytime是惯用法,much修饰比较级。参看31题。36.A.more与another在表示"再、又"时,用法不同,more置于数词后面,而another置于数词的前面。37.A.information是不可数名词。haveawordwithsb.相当于speak/talkto/with
sb.与…谈话。38.C.however是连接副词,修饰形容词great并引导一个让步4状语从句,意思是:"无论困难有多大。"39.D."下大雨"应说"rainhard/heavily".40.D.意为:"我从未听过比她还好的噪音。"用比较级表达最高级的概念。41.C.要知道形容词排列作定语的顺序。42.B.与41题考查的目的相同。43.B.可参看3题。44.D.从下文It"sbettertobesurethansorry.即"确信要比后悔好"可知,填入D项。A、B、C项不符合逻辑。45.C.该题考查副词用法。四个选项均为副词的比较级或最高级,题干的两个并列分句中,已给出someshortstories和hisplays这一特定的语境,表示二者之间的比较需用副词的比较级。wellknown是一惯用词组,意为"出名的"、"众所周知的",well的比较级为better,故答案为C。46.C.形容词作后置定语。enough为副词,修饰形容词brave,放在其后。47.D.意为"在国外通常是困难的,特别是你不会说外语"。48.D.意为"我很吃惊你竟然被这么简单的一个诡计愚弄了。"此处,只有用D项才能准确表达这种语气。49.D."教学更像是一门科学。"第一个as为副词。50.D。51.B