高三一轮复习英语语法--定语从句 11页

定语从句概念回顾Wrestling,Fatherisatouchingmovie.ItwasadaptedfromatruestoryinIndia.划出句子中的定语：Wrestling,Fatherisatouchingmovie.ItwasadaptedfromatruestoryinIndia.定语的定义：修饰名词或代词，起修饰、限定作用。讲例句连成一个句子：Wrestling,FatherisatouchingmoviewhichwasadaptedfromatruestoryinIndia.定语从句定语从句：一整个句子充当定语成分定语从句的结构：Wrestling,FatherisatouchingmoviewhichwasadaptedfromatruestoryinIndia.先行词+关系词+从句【自己动手，丰衣足食】请写出定语从句中的所有关系词。 【归纳总结】关系代词人物成分that,who,whom,whosethat,which,as,whose主，宾，定关系副词时间地点原因成分whenwherewhy状语【辩一辩】请画出定语从句部分：1.（2015阅读理解，重庆B）Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfoodlaterintheirtrip.2.（2015阅读理解，全国2卷）Visitthepalaceanditsvarioushistoricgardens,whichincludethefamousmazewhereitiseasytogetlost!考点直击【改错】Allwhichcanbedonehasbeendone.Heisnolongerthepoormanwhoheusedtobe.考点一：只用that的情况谨记重要口诀：极端不定人和物，疑问双表不重复。1．先行词为something，everything，nothing，anything，few，little，some，much等不定代词或先行词被不定代词所修饰时。2．先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰或先行词本身就是形容词最高级或序数词时。3．先行词被all，theonly，thevery，thelast等修饰时。4．先行词既有人又有物时。 5．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。【改错】ThetrafficisquitecrowdedinCS,thatmakesmecrazy.ThisisthebookforthatIpaid5dollars.考点二：只用which的情况1．关系代词前有介词时。2．非限定性定语从句。Inmanyofhisfilms，hemadetheaudiencelaughwithinterestingstories，whichhemadeupalmosthimself.非限定性定语从句中，关系代词既可以代指前面的先行词，也可以代指整个句子。TheWarriorhavebeatentheCavaliersintheNBAFinals,whichcheeredallthefans.3.先行词本身是that时。Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.Ⅰ.单句填空【导学号：25180006】1．Shewastheteacherwho/thattaughtusEnglish.2．Theartmuseumwhosegardenisveryattractivewillopennextweek.3．Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.4．Isthisthereasonwhich/thatheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork? 5．Thisistheonlybusthatgoestothevillageschool.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Doyouknowthegirlherhairisbrown?her→whose2．I"venevertakenanythingwhichdidn"tbelongtome.which→that3．Canyoutellmethenameofthecitywhereyouvisitedlastweek?where→which/that或去掉where4．ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhencouldaskedmequestionsinChinese.when→who/that5．Bearsoftenhidethemselvesintheplaceswherecan"tbefoundbyhunters.where→which/that考点三：介词+关系代词填写合适的介词：ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8yuan.从句中的动词搭配=ThisisthebookwhichIpaid8yuanfor.Therewasnowayinwhichitcouldbebroughtbacktotheearth.与先行词搭配Thegaswithoutwhichwecan"tliveiscalledoxygen.意义搭配Therearedifferentformsofenergy，mostofwhichcomefromthesun.整体与部分【归纳总结】(1)介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词是一种习惯性搭配。 (2)介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配。(3)根据所表达的意思确定。(4)表示所有关系或整体中的一部分时，用介词of。【改错】Heisthemanafterwhohavebeenlookinghisdisabledwifefor5years.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.注意：1.固定搭配形成固定意义的短语不能将介词拆开前置。2.介词提前，关系代词不可省略。考点四：关系代词vs关系副词Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)IspentinHongkong.(spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichHongkongreturnedtoitsmotherland.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）Thereason（that/which）hegavefornotcomingtoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable.(gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）【归纳总结】从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.2．Idon"tknowthereasonwhyyouwereabsentfromthemeeting,butI"msuresomeonewilltellmethereasonthat/whichyouhaven"ttoldme.3．Abankistheplacewheretheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.4．Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.5．Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication，especiallyatworkwhereagoodimpressionisamust.Ⅱ.单句改错1．—Wheredidyoumeethim?—ItwasinthehotelthatIwasstaying.that→where2．Thewaywhichhewalksisveryinteresting.which→that或在which前加in3．Internetcrimeisasubjectofwhichtheworldmightargueforalongtime.of→about4．Thereweredirtymarksonhertrouserswhichshehadwipedherhands.which→where5．Canyoulendmethebookaboutthatyoutalkedtheotherday？that→which考点五：asvswhich【大显身手】Sheseemsascientist,_________infactsheis.非限放在主句后，既可用as也可用which____weallknow,theChristmasiscoming.非限放在句首，只能用as。但as包含“正如”之意，which则没有。Hewillmarryasprettygirlashecanfind.as常用于固定搭配 写作应用1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。◆(湖北高考书面表达)我记忆犹新的是发生在一个雨天的周日下午的一个事件。IcanwellrememberanincidentthathappenedonarainySundayafternoon.　◆(2015·福建高考书面表达)只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。Onlythosewhosparenoefforttoconfrontproblemscanachievewhattheylongfor.　◆(2015·重庆高考书面表达)正如古老的谚语所说，生活没有清晰可达成的目标，犹如航海没有指南针。Asanoldsayinggoes,livingwithoutaclearandachievableaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。◆(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。Duringholidayseasons，Iwillliveinthecountryside,whereairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.　◆(安徽高考书面表达)我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。Ithinkthereasonwhyyouarealwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句◆(2015·四川高考书面表达)听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要，通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。Speakingandlisteningareveryimportantforalanguagelearning，bywhichyouaresuretomakegreatprogress.词汇积累Ⅰ.重点单词1．enjoyableadj.有乐趣的；令人愉快的→enjoyvt.享受，欣赏→enjoymentn．享受， 乐趣2．experiencen．&vt.经历，体验→experiencedadj.有经验的，经验丰富的，老练的3．respectn．&vt.尊敬，敬重→respectfuladj.敬意的，尊重的→respectableadj.体面的；值得尊重的4．devotevt.致力于；献身→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的；专心的→devotionn．关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚5．challengingadj.具有挑战性的→challengen．挑战vt.向……挑战6．encouragementn．鼓励→encouragevt.鼓励；鼓舞→discouragevt.使泄气，阻止7．graduatevi.毕业n．毕业生→graduationn．毕业8．developv．(使)发展；发育；培养；开发；冲洗(胶卷)→developmentn．发展9．donatevt.捐赠→donationn．捐赠10．independentadj.独立的→independencen．独立→dependvi.依靠，依赖11．informvt.通知，告知→informationn．情报，消息；资料12．approvevt.&vi.批准，通过；赞成，同意→approvaln．同意，批准13．preparationn．准备，筹备→preparev．准备；使……准备好14．selectvt.选择，挑选→selectionn．选择，挑选15．satisfactionn．满意→satisfyvt.使满意→satisfiedadj.感到满意的→satisfyingadj.令人满意的Ⅱ.重点短语average2．look3．run4．select... 5．come【写作训练】用本单元词汇或句式完成下列写作任务上学读书对我们每个人都是重要的也是必不可少的经历。学生们总是希望自己上高中是一次充满乐趣的体验。我们喜欢挑战，渴望独立，全身心投入学习。当我们回顾这段经历时，大多数都非常满意，觉得为未来做好了充分的准备。【参考范文】　Goingtoschoolisanimportantandnecessaryexperienceforeveryoneofus.Studentsalwayshopethatgoingtoahighschoolisanenjoyableexperience.Wearefondofchallengingthings，beingindependentofourfamilyanddevoteourselvestoourstudy.Whenwelookbackonit，mostofusaresatisfied，thinkingwehavemadefullpreparationsforthefuture.课后作业Ⅲ.语法填空(2017·石家庄高三调研)WethinkthatlifeinChinesehighschoolisanadventureinwhichwehavetosurvivemountainsofhomeworkandexams.Yetwoulditbe1.________(surprise)ifItellyouthathighschoollifeintheUSisalmostas stressfulanddemandingasitisinChina?InUShighschool，everything2.________(record)andgraded，includingyourgradesonquizzes，testsandfinalexaminations.Failing3.________(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.Perhapscontraryto4.________weusedtothinkoftheUShighschoolstudents，theypaygreatattentiontotheir5.________(academy)performancetotrytogetintodistinguisheduniversity.6.________，they"llbedisappointedaftergraduationfromhighschool.Likeuniversitystudents，theUShighschoolstudentshavethe7.________(free)tochoosethecoursesthatmostinterest8.________(they)．Evena9thgradercansit9.________thesameclassroomas12thgraders.Butthisalsomeansheorshehastoworkveryhard，becausetheteacherwillnottreathimorherdifferentlyjustbecauseheorsheisafewyears10.________(young)．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的高中生活。1．surprising　[考查分词形容词。此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。]2．isrecorded　[考查动词的时态和语态。everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即isrecorded，与graded呼应。]3．toturn　[考查非谓语动词。failtodosth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。]4．what　[考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。]5．academic　[考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语。]6．Otherwise　[考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。]7．freedom　[考查名词。由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。]8．them　[考查代词。此处应用宾格形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用them。]9．in　[考查介词。intheclassroom意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故用介词in。]10．younger　[考查形容词比较级。根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2017·河北省高三三市联考)Asthesayinggo，treatothersasyouwouldliketobetreated.Ifwewanttobetreatedwell，andweshouldtreatotherswelltoo. Twoyearsbefore，Iwasadmittedtoahighschool.Ifeltproudlyandsuperior.Therefore，Ialwayslookeddownuponmyclassmateswhoturnedformeintheirstudies.Oneday，Tomaskedmehelphimworkoutamathproblem.Iglancedatit，andsaid，“Soeasy，whatfoolishyouare！”Onhearthesewords，hesaidangrily，“Iwon"taskyouagain.”Iwasshocking.OnlythendidIrealizewhyIwassounpopularwithmyclassmate.Fromthenon，Itriedtotreatthemequallyandhelpedthemwithallmyheart.【答案】　Asthesaying，treatothersasyouwouldliketobetreated.Ifwewanttobetreatedwell，weshouldtreatotherswelltoo.Twoyears，Iwasadmittedtoahighschool.Ifeltandsuperior.Therefore，Ialwayslookeddownuponmyclassmateswhoturnedmeintheirstudies.Oneday，Tomaskedmehelphimworkoutamathproblem.Iglancedatit，andsaid，“Soeasy，foolishyouare！”Onthesewords，hesaidangrily，“Iwon"taskyouagain.”Iwas.OnlythendidIrealizewhyIwassounpopularwithmy.Fromthenon，Itriedtotreatthemequallyandhelpedthemwithallmyheart.