小升初金钥匙修订版.doc 92页

小升初英语-------专项语法讲义Unit1名词一．名词的定义 表示人或物，地点，行为，感情以及抽象概念的词。它既可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。二．名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1.专有名词表示具体的特定的人，地名，月份，星期，节日，报刊杂志等的名称。特征：（1）书写时第一个字母通常要大写。（2）一般情况不需要冠词（a/an/the）修饰，个别需要定冠词the修饰。人名MrZhang张先生LiuDehua刘德华地名Italy意大利Beijing北京theSummerPalace颐和园其他July七月Saturday星期六NewYear’sDay元旦ChristmasDay圣诞节Children’sDay儿童节EnglishWeekly英语周报OlympicGames奥运会2.普通名词表示一类人,事物或者抽象概念的名词。特征：前面可以加上不定冠词a/an或者定冠词the,也可以不加冠词。普通名词可分为四类：个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体birdbearstudenttree物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物airmilkicewaterteabread集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集体teamfamilygroupclasspeoplearmypolice抽象名词表示动作，状态，品质，情感，心理等抽象概念healthdangerdeathworklovecold三．名词的数名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。1.可数名词(1)定义和特征可数名词表示可以计算数目的人或事物。特征：（1）有单数和复数两种形式。（2）单数名词和冠词a/an连用，表示数量为一。（3）复数名词表示数量大于一。可以用数词来修饰复数名词，来表示名词具体的数量。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量，可以用some,many,alotof等修饰。(2)名词复数构成的规则变化 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况直接加-s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音后读/z/map-maps(地图）flag-flags（旗帜）book-books（书）car-cars（小汽车）以-x,-s,-sh,-ch,结尾的单词直接加-es/iz/box-boxes（盒子）bus-buses（公交车）glass-glasses（玻璃杯）class-classes（班级）boss-bosses（老板）watch-watches（手表）brush-brushes（刷子）喜（x)事(s)吃(ch)食(sh)有意思(+es)以o结尾的单词多数加-es/z/Negro-Negroes（黑人）hero-heroes（英雄）tomato-tomatoes（番茄）potato-potatoes（土豆）黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆一些外来词/以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词加-s/z/photo-photos（照片）piano-pianos（钢琴）kilo-kilos（公斤）tobacco-tobaccos（烟草）radio-radios（收音机）bamboo-bamboos（竹子）zoo-zoos（动物园）以y结尾的单词以辅音字母+y结尾的单词变y为i,再加-es/iz/baby-babies（婴儿）family-families（家庭）factory-factories（工厂）story-stories（故事）lady-ladies（女士）fly-flies（苍蝇）country-countries（国家）city-cities（城市）difficulty-difficulties（困难）以y结尾的专有名词直接加-s/z/HenrysGermanysMaryswife-wives（妻子）knife-knives（小刀）wolf-wolves（狼）thief-thieves（小偷） 以f/fe结尾的单词大多数变f/fe为ves/vz/shelf-shelves（书架）self-selves（自己）life-lives（生命）half-halves（一半）leaf-leaves（树叶）(妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保已命，半片树叶遮目光。少数变复数直加-s/s/roof-roofs（屋顶）chief-chiefs（首领）belief-beliefs（观念）proof-proofs（证据）(3)名词复数构成的不规则变化A.男人女人，a变e.man-men(男人）,woman-women（女人）,policeman-policemen（男警察）,policewoman-policewomen（女警察）,milkman-milkmen（牛奶的人）B.鹅脚牙，oo变ee.goose-geese（鹅）foot-feet(脚）tooth-teeth（牙）C.鼠孩儿牛便士mouse-mice（鼠）child-children（孩儿）ox-oxen（公牛）penny-pence（便士）D.鱼鹿羊，单复同形.fish(鱼）deer（鹿）sheep（绵羊）E.表示“国家人”的复数形式:(中日不变，英法变，其他s跟后面）单复数同形:Chinese（中国人）,Japanese（日本人），Swiss（瑞士人）变man为men：Frenchman-Frenchmen（法国人）,Englishman-Englishmen（英国人）,Dutchman-Dutchmen（荷兰人）直接加-s：German-Germans（德国人）,American-Americans（美国人）,Russian-Russians（俄国人）,Roman-Romans（罗马人）,Australian-Australians（澳大利亚人）,Indian-Indians（印度人）(4)复合名词的复数构成A.把复合名词中的主体变复数：son-in-lawsons-in-law(女婿）,passer-bypassers-by（过路人）,looker-onlookers-on（旁观者）B.如没有主体名词，则在词尾加-s：grown-upgrown-ups（成年人）,go-betweengo-betweens（中间人）C.分开写者，通常在第二部分加复数词尾：boystudent–boystudents（男学生）,girlfriend–girlfriends（女朋友）若第一部分为man/woman，两部分都变复数：manteacher–menteachers（男老师）,womandoctor–womendoctors（女医生）2.不可数名词(1)定义和特征 不可数名词表示不可以计算数目的人或事物。特征：（1）没有复数形式，在句子中一般被视为单数。（2）不与a/an连用，可以和the连用。（3）不可数名词的确切数量可以在不可数名词前加上单位词。如果要表示不可数名词的不确切的数量，可以用some,mnuch,alotof等修饰。(2)不可数名词的分类A:肉类:牛肉beef猪肉pork羊肉mutton羔羊肉lamb鸡肉chicken鱼肉fish肉（食品）meat肉馅mince牛排steakB:液体类：water水milk牛奶tea茶juice果汁coca-cola可口可乐coffee咖啡orange橘子汁beer啤酒wine白酒C:自然现象类：wind风snow雪rain雨fog雾weather天气air空气D:食物类：bread面包rice大米chocolate巧克力jam果酱soup汤butter黄油cheese奶酪sugar糖food食物cake蛋糕E:其他类：soap香皂tobacco烟草news消息work工作information信息hair头发money钱paper纸sand沙子(3)不可数名词的用法A.一些物质名词或抽象名词变为复数后意义放生变化：wood-woods树林,sand-sands沙滩,time-times时代,good-goods商品,work-works著作/工厂,cloth布-clothes衣服,snow-snows积雪，water-waters水域，green-greens蔬菜B.不可数名词可借助单位词表示数量：acupoftea(一杯茶）,aglassofwater（一杯水）,twopiecesofpaper/news/cheese（两张纸/两条新闻/两块奶酪）,fivebagsofrice（五袋大米）,apairoftrousers（一条裤子）,apoundofsugar（一磅糖）,aquarterofcake（1/4蛋糕）C.经常以复数形式出现的词：scissors（剪刀）,glasses（眼镜）,trousers（裤子）,gloves（手套）,shoes（鞋子）,shorts（短裤）,stockings（长筒袜）三．名词的所有格1.可数名词(1)定义和两种形式名词所有格是名词中表示所有关系的形式，意为“......的”。所有格的构成有两种形式：一是由名词加’s构成，通常用来表示有生命的东西；二是of加名词构成，通常表示没有生命的东西。(2)"s所有格形式单数复数单数复数共有都有店铺/家特殊名词boyboyschildchildrenTomandTomandJerrybutcher时间 Jerrydoctoruncle距离国家机构所有格形式boy’sboys’child’schildren’sTomandJerry’sTom’sandJerry’sbutcher’sdoctor’suncle’stoday’sChina’sworld’s特别注意的共有/所有：表示几个主语共有一样东西，所有格的构成方法是：在最后一个主语后加’s；表示几个主语各自拥有一样东西，所有格的构成方法是：在每个主语后都加’s.Eg:AndyandSusan’smother安迪和苏珊的妈妈Eg:Andy’sandSusan’smothers安迪的妈妈和苏珊的妈妈特别要注意的节日：theTeachers’Day(教师节）,theChildren’sDay（儿童节）,theMother’s/Father’sDay（母亲节/父亲节）特别要注意的表达方式：men’sshoes（男鞋）,women’ssuits（女套装）（3)of所有格形式：名词+of+名词thecolourofthewall（墙的颜色）,thewindowoftheroom（房间的窗户）,thecoverofthebook（书的封皮）,thetopofthemountain(山顶）,apictureofmymother（我妈妈的一张照片）,thetitleofthetext（课文的标题）(4)双重所有格形式“of+’s”结构或“of+名词性物主代词”结构，表示许多中的一个（或一部分）ateacherofmybrother’s（我弟弟的一位老师）,afriendofhers（她的一位朋友）,aphotoofTom’s（Tom的一张照片）,somestudentsofSarah’s（Sarah的一些学生）小升初专项练习—名词一．写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer_______2.animal_______3.sandwich_______4.mouth_______5.country_______6.knife_______7story_______8.sheep_______9.zero_______10.foot_______11.piano_______12.German_______13.mandoctor________14.child_______15.Chinese_______16.tomato_______二．将下列短语译成英语1.今天的报纸____________2.四年级（4）班____________3.吉姆的一张相片____________4.中国的首都____________5.三箱苹果____________6.两杯牛奶____________7.她姐姐的朋友____________8.Tom和Jack的房间____________三．单项选择题 1．_______aregoingtoEnglandforaholiday.A.TheWangB.Wang’sC.TheWang’sD.TheWangs2.Therearemany______inthisschool.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher3.______turnyellowinautumnA.leafB.leavesC.leaveD.leafs4.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe______shop?A.shoeB.shoes’C.shoesD.shoe’s5.Helpyourselvestosome_______,dearchildren!A.fishsB.fishesC.fishD.thefish6.______hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa7.Doyoubelievethattherearetwo_______inmyclass?A.MariesB.MarysC.Mary’sD.Marys’8.Hisfamily_______ahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was9.Imettwo_______inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese10.Mygrandparentslike_______verymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheir______gardeneveryyear.A.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetabesC.vegetables,vegetablesD.vegetables,vegetable11.Thefriendof____livesinthetown.A.mybrotherB.mybrothers’C.mybrother’sD.mybrothers12.Mymotherwenttothesupermarketandbought_____formeyesterday.A.acoupleofshoesB.apairofshoesC.asetofshoesD.twoshoes13.Therearefive_______onthetable.A.tomatosB.pinaoesC.radioesD.photos14.Tomhastwo_____.A.brotherinlawB.brothers-in-lawC.brothersinlawD.brother-in-laws15.Thechairoverthereis______.A.Mary’sandJoy’sB.Mary’sandJoyC.MaryandJoyD.MaryandJoy’s16.Therearealotof______downtherebuthardlyany______A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,peopleC.sheeps,peoplesD.sheep,peoples17.–Howfarisitformhere?--About_____walk.A.tenminute’sB.tenminutesC.tenminutes’D.tenminutes’s18.Thereisonlyalittle_____inthefridge.That’snotenoughforbreakfast.A.cakesB.breadC.eggsD.sandwiches19.HisfullnameisJimAuanGreen.Sohisfamilynameis______.A.JimB.AuanC.JimAuanD.Green20.Whoserulerisit?It’s_____.A.he’sB.She’sC.WangLi’sD.me21.Sheisfrom______.Sheis______. A.Germany;aGermanyB.theGermany;GermanC.German;aGermanyD.Germany;aGerman22._______cametoourschoollastweek.A.TheWilliam’sB.WilliamsC.TheWilliamsD.TheWilliam23.Wearegoingto______tobuysomerulers.A.thestationers’sB.thestationer’sC.thestationers’D.thestationer24.These______sellwellinthisbookstore.A.child’sB.bookofchildren’sC.children’sbooksD.booksofchildren25._______roomisverynice.A.Tom’sandJohn’sB.Tom’sandJohnC.TomandJohn’sD.TomandJohn26.---WhatcanIdoforyou?---I’dlikesome_______.A.bottleoforangeB.bottleoforangesC.bottlesoforangeD.bottlesoforanges27.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim_______.A.MrGreenB.MrAllanC.MrJamesD.JamesGreen28.MrBlackhasa________.A.tenyearoldboyB.ten-yearsoldboyC.boyoftenyearoldD.boyoften29.ManywesternfestivalsareverypopularinChina,but_____isstillthemostimportantfortheChinese.A.AprilFool’sDayB.ChristmasDayC.HalloweenD.SpringFestival30.InEngland,thelastnameisthe______.A.familynameB.middlenameC.givennameD.fullname编者的话:亲爱的同学们:学完了名词你的收获是什么呢?你最迷惑的是什么呢？你认为最重要的考点是什么呢？赶快写下你自己的收获与老师一起分享一下吧！记住：不懂的一定要问哦！Unit2冠词一．冠词的定义和分类： 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用。只能置于名词或名词词组前，用来说明该名词的含义。冠词分为：不定冠词a/an;定冠词the;零冠词（不用冠词的情况）。二．不定冠词a/an：不定冠词用在名词单数前，表示“一个，一”不定冠词位置例词特别注意a辅音音素开始的单词前abag/cat/dog/flyauniversity/unitan元音音素开始的单词前ananimal/apple/egg/Englishteacher/icecream/Island/Italiancar/orange/office/anhouranunhappydayanhonestboyanA/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X（Mr.Lihasonefox.)带不定冠词的短语：catchacold,（感冒）haveafever（发烧）,takeabath（洗澡）,havealook（看一看）,haveagoodtime（玩的开心）,havearest（休息一下）三．定冠词the：1，双方都明白的人或物2，上文提到过的人或物3，世上独一无二的事物：thesun/sky/earth/moon/east/west4，与形容词连用表示一类人：therich/young/old/poor/living/dead5，用在序数词和形容词最高级前：thefirst/second/best/biggest6，用在乐器前：playthepiano/theviolin/theguitar7，用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人：theGreens/theLis.8，用在由普通名词组成的专有名词前：theUnitedStates,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,theGreatWall,theYellowRiver9，介词短语中常用定冠词：inthebox,behindthechair,inthemorning(afternoon/evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thenextmorning,intherain,inthesky,inthecountry,inthemiddleof,intheend,bytheway等等。10，在same前。thesameclass,lookthesame.四．零冠词：1，洲名、国名、人名的名词前不使用冠词：Asia,Europe,Africa,Australia,America,China,Japan,Tom,Mary2，节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不使用冠词：NationalDay,summerholiday,January,Autumn3，三餐，球类，棋牌，体育活动前不使用冠词：havelunch，playfootball,inSpring,playchess,palycards4，习惯用语：bybus/bike/train…,onfoot,afterclass,afterschool,dayandnight（日日夜夜）,forexample（例如）,introuble（陷入困境）,indanger(处于危险中）,infact（事实上）,atnoon,atnight,athome,onduty（值日）,5，当名词前已有this,that,my,his,her,any,every,some,those等限定词修饰时不必再使用冠词。 特别注意：有冠词和无冠词意义不同。有the通常表示具体的场所，无the表示在该场所从事的事情。gotoschool去上学gototheschool去学校inhospital住院inthehospital在医院attable吃饭atthetable在桌子旁小升初专项练习—冠词一．在需要填入冠词的地方填入适当的冠词，不需要的画“/”。1,IsCanada_____English-speakingcountry?2,_____GreatWallis_____longestwallin_____world.3,Januaryis_______firstmonthoftheyear.4,Isyouruncle______athleteor______manager?5,Doyouknow______moonmoveround______earth?6,Weshouldbekindto______old.7,Ioftenstayat______hometodosomereadingon______Sundays8,Tina,Couldyoupleaseplay______pianoformewhileI’msinging?9,______Chinais______oldcountrywith______longhistory.10,Wehavethreemeals_______day,Wehave_______breakfastatseven.二．单项选择。1.Doyoulikeplaying_______tennisor_______piano?A.the;theB.the;xC.x;xD.x;the2.---WhereisTom?---Ithinkhe’sstillin_______bed,buthemightjustbein_______bathroomA.x;xB.the;theC.the;xD.x;the3.Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinish_______operation.A.aB.anC.theD.any4.Thepictureshavebeenonshowfor_______hourand_______half.A.an;anB.a;aC.an;aD.a;an5.Marylikesmusic,butshedoesn’tlike_______musicofthatfilm.A.theB.aC.someD.x6.It_______me_______hourtodohomework.A.took;anB.take;aC.take;anD.took;the7.Sundayis_______dayoftheweek.A.oneB.thefirstC.firstD.theone8.Whichis_______,thesun,theearthorthemoon?A.biggerB.biggestC.thebiggestD.big9.Thereisadeskinhisbedroom.On_______deskthereis_______pencil-box.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a10.What_______goodideaitis!A.aB.anC.theD./11.YesterdayIwentto_______schoolon_______foot. A.the.TheB./;/C.a;/D.the;/12.Thereis_______“U”intheword“useful”.A.aB./C.anD.the13.Thoughheisrich,hehas_______friend.A.alittleB.afewC.alotofD.few14.Thereisatalltree_______ourclassroom.A.inthefrontofB.infrontC.infrontofD.afrontthe15.September10this________inChina.A.Teachers’DayB.Teachers’sDayC.Teacher’sDayD.theTeachers’Day16.Peopleoftengoskatingin_______winter.A./B.aC.anD.the17.Wouldyoulike_______breadforbreakfast?A.anyB.theC.someD.a18.LiTao’sfatheris_______oldworker.A.anB.aC.theD./19.Areyou_______universitystudentoramiddleschoolstudent?A.anB.aC.theD./20.I’mverysorrytokeepyouwaitingformefor_______hour.A.theB.anC.aD./21._______manintheblackcaris_______driver.A.The;theB.The;aC.A;theD.A;a22.Wehad_______intheparklastSunday.A.goodatimeB.timegoodaC.atimegoodD.agoodtime23.Mysonstudiesat_______universiyin_______England.A.a;/B.an;/C.an;theD.a;the24.Petershowedme_______unusualwatch.A./B.anC.theD.a25.Sheplays_______pianowellwhilesheplays_______footballbadly.A.the;theB.a;/C.a;aD.the;/26.Wehadbettersendhimto______hospitalatnoce.A./B.aC.theD.an27.Gatesenjoysplaying______golf,butBeethovenlikedplaying_____piano.A./;theB.a;theC.the;/D./;/28,It’sverycoldoutside.Don’tplay_____snowoverthere.A.theB./C.withD.a29,Theyhave_______informationabouttheaccidentthathappenedyesterday.A.aB.anC.afewD.alittle30.---What’sthematterwithyou?---Icaught____badcoldandhadtostayin____bed.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the三．单句改错。1.Johnstudiedatanuniversity.________2.WangLinisahonestboy.________ 3.Youwillfindawordonasecondpage.________4.Thegirlinawhiteisanurse.________5.Thisistree._________四．阅读下面短文，填入恰当的冠词，使短文意义完整，不需要冠词处画“/”。_______otherday,whenmyfatherandIwerevisiting_______artexhibition,wemetMr.Brown,_______oldfriendofmyfather’s.Theyhadn’tseeneachotherforabouttenyears,eversincetheywerein_______samecompany.Theyweregladtosee_______eachother.Mr.Browntoldushehadcomeheretoattend______meeting.Hesaidhewasstayingin_______hotelnear_______railwaystationandaskedmyfathertogotoseehimin_______hotel.Myfathersaidhewouldassoonashehad_______.编者的话：亲爱的同学们：在这一章冠词的学习中，你会很惊喜的发现，冠词学习起来会比名词轻松多了。但是冠词的学习也是非常重要的，占到小升初考试的3%-4%，尤其是固定短语的使用，如：球类不加the,乐器类要加the.等是历年小升初考试的重点。赶快拿出手中的笔总结出来吧！Unit3数词 一．数词的定义和分类在英语中表示数目或顺序的词称为数词。表示数目的词称为基数词，如1,2,3......。表示数目顺序的词成为序数词，如第一，第二，第三........。还有以基数词和序数词合成的分数词。二．基数词：1.1-12（独立的基数词）1one2two3three4four5five6six7seven8eight9nine10ten11eleven12twelve2.13-19（有对应的个位数加后缀teen构成，但要注意13,15,18的基数词构成）13thirteen14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen3.20-99(1)20-90整十位数（由2-9加后缀ty构成，注意20-50整十位数构成）20twenty30thirty40forty50fifty60sixty70seventy80eighty90ninety(2)21-99非整十数（由整十位数+个位数构成，十位数和个位数之间用-连接）22twenty-two33thirty-three44forty-four55fifty-five67sixty-seven71seventy-one88eighty-eight96ninety-six4.100--999(1)100-900整百位数（由1-9后面加hundred构成）100a/onehundred200twohundred300threehundred400fourhundred500fivehundred600sixhundred700sevenhundred800eighthundred900ninehundred(2)101-999非整百数（由整百位数+整十位数+个位数构成。百位数和十位数之间用and连接。十位数和个位数之间用连字符-连接。如果没有十位数，则百位数和个位数之间用and连接）101onehundredandone232twohundredandthirty-two320threehundredandtwenty444fourhundredandforty-four507fivehundredandseven621sixhundredandtwenty-one796sevenhundredandninety-six811eighthundredandeleven5.千以上的基数词：英语中没有专门表示“万”“亿”的说法，但是却有专门表示“百万”“十亿”的说法，分别是million,billion.一千a/onethousand五千fivethousand一万tenthousand六万sixtythousand一百万a/onemillion四百万fourmillion十亿a/onebillon二十亿twobillon特别注意：hundred,thousand,million表示具体几百，几千，几百万时不能加s.但是在下面词组中常加s,后面还要跟介词of.表示约数。hundredsof（数以百计的）;thousandsof（数以千计的）,millionsof（数以百万计的）,thousandsandthousandsof成千上万的三．序数词：1.序数词的构成变化方式举例备注第一，第二，第三first(1st)second(2nd)third(3rd) 特殊变化第四至第十九在基数词后面加上后缀-thfourth(4th);fifth;sixth;seventh;eighth;ninth;tenth;eleventh;twelfth;thirteenth;fourteenth;fifteenth;sixteenth;seventeenth;eighteenth;nineteenth这类序数词共有16个特别关注：5；8；9；12的序数词！第二十至第九十(整十位数）变y为i加ethtwentieth;thirtieth;fortieth;fiftieth;sixtieth;seventieth;eightieth;ninetieth共8个，全是十位整数。第二十一至第九十九(非整十位数）十位不变，仅把个位上的基数词变成序数词，表示“第几十几”。twenty-firstthirty-first;forty-thirdsixty-second;eighty-seventh;ninety-eighth2.序数词的用法1，序数词做定语时一般要加定冠词：thefirsttime,thesecondday;但当表示“再一”“又一”时，通常加不定冠词：Willyoutryasecondtime?要不要再试一次？2，事物的“编号”可用序数词，也可用基数词，当数字较长时多用基数词：thefirstpart—partone;thetenthlesson—lessonten;theeighthpage—pageeight;Room4038;175DaxueRoad;Number5;busNo,3;3，日期中的“几号”可用基数词，也可用序数词，要注意读法：Oct.1或Oct.1st读作：Oct.(the)first.或thefirstofOct.4，“thefirst+可数名词复数”表示“前几个…”“头几个…”:thefirsttwopages前两页。四．分数词：1.分数词由基数词和序数词构成，分子由基数词表示，分母由序数词表示，当分子大于“1”时，分母中序数词要用复数形式：(子基母序）1/3—one-third;2/3—two-thirds2.“百分比”的表达法由“基数词+percent”:50%--fiftypercent3.带“小数点”的数只能用基数词，“点”用point表示：3.1415926读作：threepointonefouronefiveninetwosix五．年月日，时刻和四则运算：1.2008年8月8日：Oct.8,2008或Oct.8th,20082000年：theyeartwothousand20世纪80年代：1980’s或nineteeneighties2.表示时间：(1)整点：用基数词表示，o’clock可以省略9:00nine(o’clock) (2)几点过几分：30分钟以内，包括30分钟，可以用介词past,即分钟数+past+小时数9:10nineten/tenpastnine9:15ninefifteen/aquarterpastnine9:30ninethirty/halfpastnine(3)几点差几分：30分钟以上，不包括30分钟，可以用介词to,即（60-分钟)+to+(小时+1)8:40eightforty/twentytonine9:45nineforty-five/aquartertoten10:50tenfifty/tentoeleven3.数学运算，这时谓语动词用单数1+2=？读做：Howmuchisoneplustwo?It’sthree.1+2=3读做：oneplus/andtwois/makesthree.9-5=4读做：nineminusfiveis/makesfour.8x9=72读做：Eighttimesnineis/makesseventy-two10÷2=5读做：Tendividedbytwois/makesfive.4.几个与数目有关的词语的英语表达方式如下：几个—several;afew一打—adozen(twodozen:两个)二十—score(twoscore:四十)好几十、许多—scoresof,dozensof几百—severalhundred,afewhundred一半--half5.介词in+one’s+整数数词的复数表示年龄：inhistwenties.在他20多岁的时候。6.货币表示法：￥4.50:fouryuanfiftyfen￡9.35:ninepoundsthirty-fivepence＄19.20:nineteendollarstwentycents小升初专项练习—数词一、按要求变化下列单词five(序数词)___________twelve(序数词)　___________eight(序数词)____________nine(序数词　)____________thirty(序数词　)____________eighty-three(序数词　)____________first(缩略形式)___________twenty-second(缩略形式)__________sixth(缩略形式)___________二、写出下列节日的准确日期1,Children’sDayisonthe___________ofJune.2,TheWomen’sDayisonthe_________ofMarch.3,NewYear’sDayisonthe__________ofJanuary.4,NationalDayisonthefirstdayof__________.5,TheOlympicGameswillbeopenedontheeighthdayof_________inBeijing.三、单项选择 1,Hisunclehaslivedat_______fortenyears.A.No.103XinhuaStreetB.103XinhuaStreetC.XinhuaStreet103D.XinhuaStreetNo.1032,Thereare______studentsinthepark.A.hundredsofB.hundredofC.hundredsD.hundred3,---HowfaristhesmallvillagefromLondon?---It’sabout_______kilometers.A.sevenhundredandtwentytwoB.sevenhundredandtwenty-twoC.sevenhundredsandtwenty-twoD.sevenhundredtwentytwo4,Look!Thereare_______insky.A.thousandstarsB.thousandofstarsC.thousandsofstarsD.thousandsofstar5,365reads_______.A.threehundredsixtyfiveB.threehundredssixtyfiveC.threehundredandsixtyfiveD.threehundredandsixty-five.6,LucyandLilyarein______.A.RowFourthB.theRowFourC.RowFourD.FourRow7,Septemberis______monthoftheyear.A.nineB.ninethC.theninthD.thenineth8,_________isthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.LessonninthB.TheninthlessonC.NinthLessonD.Theninelesson9,TheYellowRiveris________longestriverinChina.A.thefirstB.thesecondC.firstD.thethird10,__________ofthestudentsareYoungPioneersinourclass.A.TwothreeB.TwothreesC.TwothirdsD.Secondthree11,---HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoJapan?---_________.A.ForthethirdtimeB.ThreetimesC.athirdtimeD.Forthreetimes12,---Howsoonwillyoufinishreadingthebook?---In_______.A.oneortwoweeksB.oneweekortwoC.aweekandtwoD.aortwoweeks13,Marywasborn________.A.in1985,June1B.onJune1,1985C.atJune1,in1985D.inJune1,198514,Howoldisyourfather?Heis_______.A.fourty-oneB.foutyoneC.forty-oneD.fortyone我的收获：Unit4代词一．代词的定义和分类 英语中用来代替名词、数词或上、下文的词、句等的词称为代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词相互代词关系代词不定代词二．人称代词人称单/复数人称代词主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称单数hehimsheheritit复数theythem1，第一人称单数I必须大写。2，当句中有几个人称代词出现时，一般是按照you,he,I排列，如：HeandIaredeskmates.(此时I后谓语动词用复数)Youandhebothenjoymusic.3，人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格，做表语时用宾格居多。（傻瓜记忆法：主格用在动词前，宾格用在动词后）如：Heisadoctor.Givemeabook.Whoisthere?It’sme.4，it的用法（1）代替上文提到的东西：Whereismypen,Ican’tfindit.（2）代替事件、情况：It’sagoodidea.（3）代替婴儿和未知的人：Isitaboyoragirl?Itisaboy.Whoisknockingthedoor?IsitTom?（4）代替this或that:What’sthis?It’saguitar. （1）表示时间、距离和天气：It’sveryhot.Whattimeisit?三．物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称单/复数物主代词形容词性名词性第一人称单数mymine复数ourours第二人称单数youryours复数youryours第三人称单数hishisherhersitsits复数theirtheirs（1）形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，只能做定语。（后面通常要有名词）（2）与own连用表示强调：Thisismyowncar.（3）名词性物主代词具有名词性质，可以做主语、表语和宾语。后面不需要再加名词：（空后有名用形容，空后无名必用名）Thisisyourpen,(Thispenisyours)Mineisonthedesk.Comeandlookatmine.四．反身代词人称单/复数反身代词第一人称单数myself复数ourselves第二人称单数yourself复数yourselves第三人称单数himselfherselfitself复数themselves（1）做宾语：Hecanhelphimself：（2）做表语：Thegirlwasmyself.（3）做同位语：Imyselfhadtogothere/Ihadtogotheremyself(译为“亲自”)（4）固定习语：byoneselfenjoyoneselfhelponeselfsaytooneself五．指示代词 单数复数用法近this这个these这些后面的谓语动词要用单数形式远that那个those那些后面的谓语动词要用复数形式(1)介绍别人时通常用句型：Thisis…(2)电话用语中在介绍自己和询问对方时通常用句型：ThisisMary,Whoisthat?五．疑问代词Who(whom),whose,what,which称为疑问代词，用来构成特殊疑问句。1,who,whatwho多指姓名关系等，what多指职业地位等Whoisthewoman?Sheismymother.Whatisyourmother?Sheisadoctor.2,what,whichwhat指的事物无范围限制，侧重于种类，which指的事物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个或一些。Whatsportdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢什么运动？Whichsportdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪一项运动？3，whose,whomWhose是who属格，用于指示所有者，whom是who的宾格，用于指示对象Whomaretheytalkingabout?Whoseisthatumbrella?4,what,whose同时具有形容词性质，修饰名词。如：Whatcolour/size/nationality/class/grade/…?Whoseumbrella…?六．相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。eachother;oneanother两者基本无差别。helpeachother互相帮助lookateachother对视learnfromeachother相互学习talktoeachother彼此说话七．关系代词关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which,as等（whatever,whoever,whichever）八．不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。小学中学到的不定代词有any,some,one,everyone,much,many,other等。肯定否定allno everybodynobodynonebotheitherneithereverythingsomenothingnonenosomebodysomeonenoonenobodynonesomethingnothingalittleafewlittlefew1,both,all谓语动词用复数，either,neither,every,each谓语动词用单数。2,many,few修饰可数名词，much,little修饰不可数名词，some,any,no既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词。3，some用于肯定句中，（表示请求，邀请并想得到对方肯定回答时可用于疑问句中。Wouldyoulikesomewater?）4,any用于否定句和疑问句中。（表示任何的，任何一个的可用于肯定句中。Youmaycomehereatanyday5,one是对可数名词单数的代替，ones是对可数名词复数的代替。6，howmany+可数名词复数, howmuch+不可数名词7,other泛指。限定词（量词/数词等）+other+名词复数：fiveotherboys;myotherballs;someothergirls;twootherdaysanother泛指,“不同的，另…再…”。another+名词单数/复数：anotherroom;anothertwodaystheother特指，两者之间。one…theother…:Ihavetwosisters,oneisLily,theotherisJane.8,不定代词的修饰语后置：somethingnew,nothingserious小升初专项练习—代词一，请将下面表格填充完整人称单/复数人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数二，单项选择 1,That’snot_______,itis_______.Iboughtit_______.A.yours…mine…myselfB.your…mine…yourselfC.yours…her…herselfD.yours…her…myself2,Afriendof_______cameyesterday.A.myB.hisC.herD.your3,---Hello,isthatMrsBlackspeaking?---Yes,who’sthat?---_______Mary.A.I’mB.That’sC.She’sD.Thisis4.---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?---_______.A.NooneB.NoneC.NobodyD.Nothing5.______schoolismuchlargerthan_______.A.Their;ourB.Their;oursC.Theirs;oursD,Theirs;our6._______weretheonlypeoplewhowentswimmingyesterday.A.I,youandheB.I,heandyouC.You,heandID.He,youandI7,---Isyourmotherill?---No,_______,onlyalittlecold.A.seriousanythingB.seriousnothingC.nothingseriousD.anythingserious8,Thisisnotmywatch,Doyouknow_______itis?A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose9,---Whyisthere_______noiseoutside?---Theworkersarepullingdowntheoldhouses.A.muchtooB.somuchC.muchmoreD.verymuch10,Tomand_______willgotoseeourteacher,for______isill.A.I;sheB.me;sheC.I;herD.me;her11,---Haveyouacomputer?---Yes,Ihaveagood____.A.someB.oneC.itD.that12,Thebedinhisroomissmallerthan_____inyours.A./B.itC.oneD.that13,---Doyouhaveenoughstudentstocarrytheboxes?----No,Ithinkweneed______students.A.anotherB.twoothersC.moretwoD.twomore14,---Whotaught_____French?---Nobody,Shelearnedallby______.A.herself;herB.she;herselfC,.her;herselfD.her;she15.______isthebestseasonoftheyear?A.WhenB.WhoC.WhichD.Whattime16.______isnecessarytotellhimwhentostartourtrip.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.One17.Look!_______aregoodfriends.A.YouandIB.IandyouC.YouandmeD.Iandhim18.Yourwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy____?Iwanttobuy______,too. A.one;oneB.it;itC.it;oneD.one;it19,Whotaught_____Englishlastterm?Was______Mr.Smith?A.you;itB.you;heC.your;itD,your;that20,weneedsomebooks.Couldyougive______abook?A.ourB.usC.weD.ours三，根据口号内的提示，写出适当的英语代词。1,Let_____(我们)goandtell______(她)about______(它).2,Look,hownicethesepicturesare!______（它们）weredrawnby_______(他)3,Theseare_______(我们的)exercisebooks._______(他们的)areintheteachers’office.4,Thebirdhashurt_______(它的)wing.5,LiMingisanoldclassmateof______（我的）.四，根据句意，在空白处填写适当的代词。1,---Is______heretoday?---No,HanMeiisn’there.2,---Isthispurseyours?----No,Itisquitedifferentfrom_______.3,Theoldwomanneverhelps______.So______peoplelikeher.4,---________isthewomaninblue?----_______isournewteacher.5,---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It’s_______.6,Tomhasn’tbeentoAmerica.Jimhasn’t,_______.7,---Hello,I’dliketospeaktoMary,please.---Speaking.Who’scalling,please?---Hi,Mary,_______isTom.8,---TomandMike,didyouenjoy_________yesterday?---Yes,wedid.9,Theresweatersaretoosmallforme,Pleaseshowme_______one.10,Mike,don’tswimintheriverby________.It’sverydangerous.我的收获：Unit5形容词一．形容词的定义英语中用来表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态的词称为形容词.大多数形容词有比较等级的变化,即原级,比较级和最高级. 二．形容词的位置形容词在句子中通常位于名词之前或系动词之后（形容词+名词/名词+系动词+形容词）。当有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰名词时，这些形容词有一定的排列顺序。(限观形龄色国材）冠词或物主代词，指示代词，不定代词数词一般的描绘形容词物体大小，长短，高低及形状的形容词年龄大小，长幼，新旧的形容词颜色的形容词国籍的形容词物质材料，类别，用途的形容词中心词agreatgreenOlympics伟大的绿色奥运thetallyoungman那个高个子的年轻人twooldChinesestonebridges两座古老的中国石桥三．形容词的比较级和最高级1.形容词等级的构成形式(1)规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级直接加-er,-esttallgreattallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音e结尾的单音节和少数以-le结尾的双音节词直接加-r,-stnicelargeablenicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estfatthinbighotwet胖瘦大热潮fatterthinnerbiggerhotterwetterfattestthinnestbiggesthottestwettest辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i,再加-er,-esteasybusyeasierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-estclevernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其它双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more,most,less,least 来构成比较级和最高级。原级比较级最高级importantmore/lessimportantmost/leastimportantbeautifulmore/lessbeautifulmost/leastbeautifulexpensivemore/lessexpensivemost/leastexpensiveinterestingmore/lessinterestingmost/leastinteresting(2)不规则变化(好坏多少远）原级比较级最高级good/well(好）better更好的best最好的bad/badly/ill（坏）worse更坏/糟的worst最坏/遭的many/much（多）more更多的most最多的little（少）less较少的/较小的least最少的/最小的far（远）farther更远的furtherfarthest最远的furthest2.形容词比较级的用法（1）形容词的比较级是用于两个人或者事物之间的比较，表示“比…..更…一些”的意思。结构：主语+be+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。TomistallerthanJack.(Tom比Jack高。）ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.(上海比中国的任何城市都大。）XiaoLuismoreoutgoingthanhersister.（小璐比她姐姐开朗。）（2)有时比较前可以用many,much,far,even,alittle等等表示程度的壮语。YaoMingisfar/muchtallerthanme.（姚明比我高得多。）Mysisteristwoyearsolderthanme.（我的姐姐比我大两岁。）‘Sheisalittlefatterthanme.（她比我胖点。）(3)同几比较用“as+形容词原级+as”结构,否定形式为”notas..as…”Sheisasbusyasabee.(她像蜜蜂一样忙。）Itisnotascoldasyesterday.（今天不像昨天那样冷。）3.形容词最较级的用法（1）形容词最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面跟一个短语或从句来表示比较的范围，但在一定的上下文中，表示“比较范围”的短语或从句可以省略。结构：主语+be+the+形容词最高级+（名词）+比较范围。Andyistheyoungestboyinhisclass.Andy是他班级里最小的学生。（2）有时在形容词最高级前可以有序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost等。Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.加拿大是世界上的第二大国。(3)有时最高级形式后面可以不跟名词。Thisoneisthefastest.（这个是最快的.)(4)比较范围通常用“in…”“of…”短语或从句表示。Sheistheclevereststudentinourclass.她是我们班级里最聪明的学生。Sheistheclevereststudentofthemall.她是她们中最聪明的学生。SheistheclevereststudentthatIhaveeverseen.她是我曾经见过最聪明的学生。 (5)有时用比较级表示最高级Ican’tfindatallermanthanYaoMinginChina.在中国，我找不到比姚明更高的人。=YaoMingisthetallestmaninChina.在中国，姚明是最高的人。小升初专项练习—形容词一．写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级1.old______________2.big______________3.hot______________4.brave______________5.well______________6.good______________7.bad______________8.soft______________9.heavy______________10.large______________11.clever______________12.difficult______________13.happy______________14.much______________15.far______________16.little______________17.thin______________18.busy______________19.sad______________20.wet______________21.late______________22.tidy______________23.few______________24.fat______________25.easy______________26.important______________二．用所给词的适当形式填空1,Thestreetisas_______(long)asthatone,butitis_______(wide)thanthatone.2,Thisisthe_______(short)waytoTian’anmenSquare.3,Mybrotheris3inches_______(tall)thanI.4,TheNanjingRoadisthe_______(crowded)streetinShanghai.5,EverymorningIgetup_______(early)thanmybrother,butmysistergetsup_______(early).6,Lesson5is_______(easy)thanlesson6,butitisnotso_______(interesting)aslesson6.7,Doyouhaveanything_______(much,more,most)tosay?8,Thisisthe_________(large)powerstationthatwehaveeverseen.9,Whichisthe_______(high)mountainintheworld?10,Icanwalk_______(far)thanayoungman.11,Iwasfiveminutes_________(late)forthetrain.三．单项选择1.Thisbikeis_______thanthatoneA.twentyyuandearB.twentyyuandearerC.deartwentyyuanD.dearertwentyyuan2.Doyoulikethose_______-?A.beautifultwobignewgreenboxesB.beautifultwonewgreenbigboxesC.twobeautifulgreennewbigboxesD.twobeautifulbignewgreenboxes3.Wehadbetterdotheworkwith_______moneyand_______people.A.little,fewerB.little,fewC.less,fewerD.less,few4.YoustudyEnglish_______asyourbrother,butyoudon’tspeakEnglish_______muchashe. A.ashard,suchB.asharder,suchC.ashard,soD.asharder,so5.Hehadneverseena_______film.A.moreinterestB.mostinterestingC.moreinterestingD.moreinterested6.A_______personissometimeseasiertobecheatedthanachild.A.growing-upB.grown-upC.up-growingD.grew-up7.Ofthetwochildren,theboylooks_______thanthatone.A.thetaller.B.thetallest.C.alittletallD.taller8.Theriveris_______thanthatone.A.wideanddeepB.wideranddeeperC.widestanddeepestD.wideanddeeper9.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch___nowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest10.Mycousinisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas___timetoreadnewspapers.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew11.Whohas___applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost12.Weallhopethatthere’s___pollutionintheworld.A.moreB.muchC.lessD.fewer13.I’mfourteen.Myfriendissixteen.SoI’m___him.A.asoldasB.notyoungerthanC.notasyoungasD.twoyearsyoungerthan我的收获：Unit6副词一．副词的概念 副词是表示时间，场所，状态及程度等的词。可以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词，还可以修饰整个句子。二．副词的种类1.时间副词：表示事物发生的时间before以前now现在early早地today今天2.地点副词：表示事情发生的地点，位置here这里upstairs楼上somewhere某处away远离3.程度副词：表示程度的深浅much很very非常almost几乎enough足够hardly几乎不4.频度副词：表示事情发生的频率always总是often经常once一次ever曾经5.方式副词：表示事情进行的方式quickly快地loudly大声地happily幸福地angrily愤怒地6.疑问副词：主要用来引导特殊疑问词when何时why为什么where哪儿how如何三．副词的位置1.副词修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词前面。2.副词修饰其他副词时，一般放在这个副词的前面。3.副词修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词的后面。4.句子中有助动词或be动词时，副词一般位于助动词或be动词之后。四．副词的形式1.形容词+ly构成：slow-slowlyquick-quicklyhurried-hurriedlybeautiful-beautifullycheap-cheaplysudden-suddenlybad-badly2.以y结尾的，变y为i+ly:thirsty-thirstilyhappy-happilylucky-luckilyangry-angrily五．副词比较等级的构成和用法1，规则的副词的变化形式和形容词的变化形式一样2，副词比较级的用法和形容词比较级的用法相同，但副词最高级前可以不加定冠词the（有时加也可以）Shesingsbestinherclass.她在她们班唱得最好。3,副词比较级和最高级的其它用法（1）表示“越来越……”,用“比较级+and+比较级”结构或“moreandmore +原级”，Herunsfasterandfaster.他跑得越来越快。Thegirlgrowsmoreandmorebeautiful.女孩儿变得越来越漂亮。(2)表示“越…,越…,”用“the+副词比较级，the+副词比较级”结构Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。Thehardershestudied,themoreprogressshemake.她学习越努力，进步就越大。小升初专项练习—副词 一．讲下列形容词变成副词。1.good_________2.bad___________3.easy___________4.happy_________5.loud___________6.slow____________7.deep__________8.careful__________9.sad____________10.quiet_________11.angry_________12.real___________13.correct________14.honest________15.clear__________16.quick__________17.lucky_________18.heavy_________二．根据中文意思，连词成句，注意副词的位置和顺序。1.莉莉每天7点起床。（at,everyday,Lily,getsup,seveno’clock)_____________________________________________________________2.刚才他飞快地跑上楼去。（he,ran,justnow,fast,upstairs)_______________________________________________________________3.我妹妹每天早上都会在花园里愉快地唱歌。（sings,inthegarden,mysister,everymorning,happily)_______________________________________________________________4.这个女孩来自美国华盛顿。（the,Washington,comesfrom,USA,girl)_______________________________________________________________5.他上周日在公园玩得很开心。（lastSunday,played,He,inthepark,happily)_______________________________________________________________三．用所给词的适当形式填空。1,Myjobistoservecustomers_______(good).2,Theteachershouldbelistenedto_______(care).3,S.H.E.singso_______(beautiful)thatmanypeoplelikethem.4,Look!Sheisrunning_______(fast)and_______(fast).5,Wehavetostayathome.Itisraining_______(heavy)outside.6,Hedoesnotplaybasketballas_______(good)ashisbrother.四．选择填空。1.--Howwastheweatheryesterday?--Itwasterrible.Itsnowed_______.Hecould______comebackintime.A.hard,hardB.heavy,hardlyC.heavily,hardlyD.hard,heavily2.--Doyouwashclothesbyhands?--_________.Iusuallyusewashingmachine.A.MuchB.OftenC.SeldomD.Little3.Janeisa_______dancerandshedances______________.A.good,wellB.well,wellC.good,goodD.well,good4.______youtake，_______healthyyou’llbe.A.Moreexercise,moreB.Mostexercise,mostC.Themoreexercise,themoreD.Themostexercise,themost5.Mymotherhadtoworklastnight,soshewenttobed________me.A.asearlierasB.asearlyasC.earlierthanD.laterthan 6._____Iread,______I’llbe.A.Themuch;thehappyB.More;happierC.Themore;thehappierD.Themost;thehappiest7.BothAndyandIdriveslowly.Tomdrivesfast.SoTomdrives_____ofall.A.slowerB.theslowestC.fasterD.thefastest8.Wouldyoupleasesayit_______?Istillcan’tfollowyou.A.loudlyB.slowlyC.moreloudlyD.moreslowly我的收获：Unit7介词连词一．介词的定义 介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一。特别是一些常用介词的搭配用来表示种种不同的意思。英语里大部分用语都是由介词和其他词构成的，因此掌握好介词是学好英语的关键之一。二．各个介词的用法in,on,at的用法in,on,at这三个介词用法非常广泛，既可表示地点，又可表示时间。表示地点表示时间in+大地点/国家/年份/月份/季节表示在…之内intheroom;inavillage;inChina;inthetree;inthesky;inHongkong表示在一段时间内inanhour(month;year);inspring(winter;autumn);inFebruary;inthemorning;in的固定搭配inEnglish（用英语）;intime（及时）;inclass（在课堂上）;inhospital（住院）;introuble;（遇见麻烦）；inahurry（匆忙地）;infact（实际上）;infrontof（在...前面）on+星期/年月日（有日on,无日in)/具体某一天的早，中，晚表示在....之上onthedeskonthewall表示在某日onSaturdayonApr.11thon的固定搭配ontime（准时）;onone’swayto（在去...的路上）;onTV（在电视山）;ontheleft（在左边）;onshow（展览）;online（在线的）;spend..on..（在..方面花费...);dependon…(取决于/依靠于....)at表示地点：在……(小的地点)atrailwaystation;at403DaxueRoad.表示时间：在…(时刻)在…岁时at7o’clock;attheweekend;表示价格、速度：以…Heboughtitatthepriceof200yuan.Hedroveattheseventykilometersanhour.表示动作方向：朝，向lookat;shoutat;throwat在（某方面）SheisgoodatEnglish.Heiscleveratdrawing.atfirst（首先/起初）;atlast（最后/最终）;atonce（立刻/马上）;atschool（在学校）;lookat（看着）;arriveat（到达）;knockat（敲..);atthesametime(同时）;shoutat（对...大喊）;attheendof(在...末端）;athome（在家）;atpresent（目前)about关于；有关Thebookisaboutfood;Don’tworryaboutit.大约与around近义aboutteno’clock.above位置、职位、年龄、数量等：在…上面（above可超出垂直面积;over不超出垂直面积）abovethewoods;abovesealevel.aboveall.以上皆可across表示动作方向、位置：穿过，横过（区别through）acrossthebridge/street表示地点：在…对面：acrosstheroad在马路对面 after表示时间、顺序：在…之后afterschool/lunch固定短语：lookafter;runafterafterall到底，终究；one…afteranother一个接一个;dayafterday日复一日against表示位置：倚着，靠着Theladderwasagainstthewall.反对fightagainstalong沿着：alongtheriver/streetamong在…中间；在…之中（三者或三者以上）around表示位置：在…周围，环绕Theearthmovesaroundthesun.在…范围内：Letmeshowyouaroundourschool表示数目：大约=aboutbefore表示时间：在..以前表示位置：在…前面（较抽象）beforedifficultiesbehind表示位置：在…后面beside在….旁边besides除…之外between在两者之间by表示地点：在…旁边Thehouseisbytheriver.Theriverispassingbythehouse.表示方式、手段、用、靠：bybike/bus;byhand/machine表示时间：到…时候为止。bytheendof.短语：daybyday一天天地；onebyone一个个的；bytheway顺便说一句bychance偶然down表示动作方向：沿着…往下Herunsdownthehillduring在…期间except除…以外for表示目的、对象：为…Theflowerisforyou.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.表示一段时间或距离：达到foralongtime表示方向、目标：向；去thetrainforBeijing表示原因：因为Thankyouforhelpingme.当作；作为Whatdoyouwantforyourbirthday?短语forexample;forever;forsale;lookfor;forawhile暂时;forfree;waitforfrom表示来源、起点：自；从borrowfrom;learnfrom;from1to10.表示距离、间隔：离开Farfromeye,farfromheart.眼不见，心不烦。表示原材料：用…制成bemadefrom短语:frombeginningtoend;fromnowon;stop…fromdoingsth.into表示时间或动作的方向:到….里;进入….表示变化或进入某种状态:changeinto,translateinto;breakintolike像…一样dolikethat;looklike常和what连用,是什么样子;怎样Whattheweatherlike?near表示时间或空间:靠近,接近,在附近.of表示所属关系:…的,属于…的. 短语ofcourse;firstofall;akindof;insteadof;plentyof;thinkof;betiredof;beafraidof;beproudofoff自…离开，脱离.jumpoff;falloff;keepoffthegrass勿踏草坪knockoff下班since从某时间起,….以来.till/until直到…为止over表示地点,地位,职位:在上面,高于.(有跨越的意思,不接触表面)表示数目,程度:在…以上,超过.Heisoverfifty短语allovertheworld;beover;overagain;overtherethrough表示空间:穿过，通过表示时间:从头到尾,从开始到结束sometimesheworksthroughthenitht.表示方式,手段，原因等HelearntEnglshthroughTV.to表示方向,距离:到gotoschool短语toone’ssurprise(令某人惊讶的是）;listento（听...);lookforwardto(期盼/期望）;payattentionto（注意/关注...);getto(到达）under表示位置:在…下,在…正下方表示级别，数量，标准，年龄，价格等:低于;少于Shemustbeunder12.with表示共同关系:和…一起;同…bewithsomebody.表示工具，手段等:被；用.Welistenwithourears.短语catchupwith赶上；goonwith继续干下午;help…with帮助;beangrywith对…人生气without不;没有三．连词的定义连词是虚词,不能单独充当句子成分.只能起连接词与词,短语与短语或句子与句子的作用.它分为并列连词和从属连词.1.并列连词是连接平行的词,短语或句子的.常见的并列连词有:and;both…and…;but;either…or…,for,neither…nor…;nor,notonly…butalso;or;so;still;yet等.2,从属连词是用来引导主从复合句中的从句的.常用的从属连词有:after;as..as..;as;assoonas;because;before;if;since;sothat;than;though;till;when;whether;while等四．常用连词的用法1,and和both…and…两者都(谓语动词用are或动词原形）BothsheandIareinterestedinicecream.她和我都喜欢吃冰淇淋。2,but但是；然而(表示转折关系)3,either…or…或者…或者…;不是…就是…(表示选择关系)neither...nor…既不…也不…(表示并列否定关系,谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致)NeithershenorIaminterestedinTalkShows.她和我都不喜欢脱口秀节目。notonly…butalso…不但…而且…(表示并列肯定关系,谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致) NotonlyJanebutalsoherparentslikecooking.不仅是简，她的父母也喜欢烹饪。小升初专项练习—介词连词一．用适当的介词填空1,Hewantstoknoweverything_______hisschool.2,Heusuallygoesoutforawalk_______supper.3,Wehavelunch_______halfpasttwelve.4,Pleaselook_______theblackboard.5,Hisfamilyhadahardlife_______liberation.But_______liberationtheybegantoliveahappylife.6,Childrenliketohearstories_______animals.7,Theyfinishedthework_______teno’clock..8,Whendoyougetup_______themorning?9,Willyougo_______busor_______foot?10,Thestorytookplace_______theSecondWorldWar.11,Wehavelearnedalot_______you.12,Thecupwasbroken_______her.13,--Whereareyou_______?--I’m_______Guilin.14,Weareworking_______thepeople.15,Itistime_______supper.16,Classbegins_______eight.17,Wecome_______differentpartsofChina.18,Shelives_______hermother.19,Heusuallygetsup_______halfpastsix_______themorning.20,Theystayedhere_______sixmonths.21,Theyareleaving_______Wuhantomorrow.22,Greatchangeshavetakenplace_______1986.23,TheyusuallyhaveLeaguemeetings_______Saturday.24,Beijingisthecapital_______China.25,Thewomanis_______theright_______thepoliceman.二，单项选择1.Whywereyourparentsangry_______youyesterdayevening?A.toB.onC.forD.with 2.InEngland,peopleusuallycallmeTom_______short.A.forB.toC.onD.at3.--Whereareyoufrom?--I’mfromtheUSA,what_______you?A.for.B.about.C.inD.on4.Whosits_______themiddle_______theclassroom?A.at,ofB.in,of.C.on,inD.at,for5.Weusuallygotoschool_______Monday_______Friday.A.to,from.B.from,onC.from,toD.on,to6.Heusuallyhasaneggandabottleofmilk_______breakfast.A.toB.onC.forD.of7.Pleaseturn_______allthelightsintheroom,A.downB.onC.for.D.in8.Itwasraining,butthefarmersstillwent_______workinginthefields.A.forB.onC.withD.from9.Pleasetakeyourdirtyclothesaway_______here.A.fromB.off.C.ofD.at.10.---MayIspeak_______Becky,please?---Holdon_______amoment,please.A.to,forB.for,toC.to,ofD.to,at11.TheyteachusEnglish_______weteachthemChinese,wehelpeachother.A.butB.and.C.or.D.as.12.Itwaslate.Shetookoffherclothes_______wenttobed.A,orB.soC.andD.but.13.Thestudentsshouldknow_______what_______why.A.so,asB.both,and.C.either,orD.neither,nor.14.Thegroundmustbejustright,_______toowet_______toodry.A.ether,orB.both,andC.between,andD.neither,nor15.Wouldyoulikerice_______noodles?A.orB.butC.becauseD.so16.Youmusteatlessfoodandtakemoreexercise,_______you’llbeveryfat.A.butB.andC.soD.or17.Ifyoudon’thurryup,_______you’llbelateforthemeeting.A./B.orC.soD.but18.PaulcomesfromCanada,_______hecanspeakverygoodChinese. A.ifB.soC,butD.because19._______yourhelp,wecouldn’tfinishtheworkontime.A.UnderB.WithC.WithoutD.Except20.Iwasborn_______August,1988.A.atB.onC.inD.to亲爱的同学们：介词的学习是不是让你很烦恼呢？把你的烦恼写下来吧。看看下面的图片是不是可以解决你的苦恼呢！考试的时候只要你的脑海中有下面的图片是不是就很轻松了？加油吧！Unit8动词（一）实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词一．动词的定义 表示动作、状态或性质的词称为动词。二．动词的分类按照其在句子中的功能和意义，动词可以分为实义动词，系动词，助动词和情态动词四大类别。三．实义动词1.实义动词又称行为动词，在句子中能独立做谓语。2.实义动词又分为可以后面直接跟宾语的及物动词和后面不需要跟宾语的不及物动词。Eg:Hesendsmearose.(他送我一朵玫瑰花。）send是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。Eg:Thesunrisesintheeast.(太阳从东方升起.)rise是不及物动词，后面不需跟宾语。四．系动词1.系动词不能单独作谓语，而必须和表语（名词，形容词等）一起构成谓语部分，形成系表结构。2.常用的系动词：（1）be动词（am/is/are/was/were)（2）5个感官系动词：look看起来smell闻起来taste闻起来sound听起来feel摸起来（后+形容词）Eg:Shelooksbeautifultoday.她今天看起来很漂亮。Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花闻起来很香。Thatsoundsgood.那听起来不错。（3）get/become/turn/go表变化，后加形容词。Eg:Itgetswarmerandwarmer.天气变得越来越暖和。Infall,theleavesturnyellow.秋天树叶变黄。Thefoodgoesbadeasilyinsummer.食物在夏天很容易变坏。五．助动词1.助动词本身没有词义，不能单独做谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式，或用来加强语气。常用的助动词有：be,do,have,shall,will。2.助动词be（1）可用于构成时态，主要是进行时：Iamlookingatyou.（2）可用于构成被动语态:Youarebeinglooked.（3）可与动词不定式构成谓语:Myjobistolookatyoueveryminute.3.助动词have(1)构成完成时态：WehavelearnedEnglishformanyyears.(2)　和动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境促使不得不做的事情：WehavetolearnEnglishverywell.4.助动词do(1)构成疑问句和否定句：Dosehedohishomeworkafterschool? (2)　用来加强语气：Idowanttobuyanewcar.(3)　用来代替动词词组：Writealetter“L”asIdo.5.　助动词shall　构成将来时态，单纯表示未来情况：ShallIbegin?6.　助动词will　构成将来时，用于第一，二，三人称。TheywillgotoEnglandforaholiday.六．情态动词1.情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想。2.情态动词有自己的词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to的动词不定式（即动词原形）连用，没有人称和数的变化。3.常用的情态动词有：can,may,must,will,shall,should,would,need.现在形式过去形式否定式疑问式用法maymightmaynotMaysub.1表示允许或征询对方的许可，有“可以”的意思：MayIcomein?Youmaybegin.2回答may引导的疑问句时，有mustn’t表示否定：MayIsmokehere?No,Youmustn’t.3Might不一定代表过去，而是表示更加委婉的口气：MightIaskyoutodance?cancouldcannotCansub.1表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思：Icanswim.2表示允许，在口语中代替may:CanIaskyouaquestion?3“can”和 “beableto”的比较：主要是时态。Can只能用于现在时和过去时，其它时态要用beableto。musthadtomustnotMustsub.1表示必须，应该：Studentsmustdothehomework.2否定形式表示禁止：Youmustn’teatatclass.3在回答must疑问句时，否定式常用needn’t,或don’thaveto,表示“不必”、“用不着”。4must与haveto的比较：must表示说话人的主观看法，haveto表示客观需要，must只有现在时，要表示过去时或将来时需要用hadto和willhaveto.willwouldwillnotWillsub.1用于疑问句，表示请求，邀请：Willyoucomewithus?2表示意愿：I’lltellyouastory.3表示预料或习惯性的动作：Hewillcometonight.shallshouldshallnotShallsub.用于第一人称，征求对方的意见或指示：ShallIopenthedoor? needneednotNeedsub.1.作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句:NeedIanswerthisquestion?Youneedn’tanswerit.2.作为及物动词，注意否定及疑问形式需要助动词doneedtodo;don’tneedtodo;DoIneedtodo4.can,may,must表示推测，猜测。现在过去肯定must/maybe(状态，后接形容词，名词等)一定.../可能.....must/maybedoing(动作)一定正在..../可能正在....musthaveVp.p那是一定....mayhaveVp.p那是可能....否定can’tbe不可能....can’tbedoing不可能正在....can’thaveVp.p.那是不可能....部分情态动词后接完成时：shouldhavedone本应该做…(实际上没做)Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkbeforesleeping.shouldn’thavedone本不应该做…（实际上做了）Hismotherwasveryangry.Heshouldn’thavesaidthat.needn’thavedone本没必要做…(已经做完了)Youneedn’thavepaidforitbecauseitwasforfree.小升初专项练习—实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词一．写出下列句子中划线动词的种类。1．IamstudyinginNo.1MiddleSchool.2．ThislittlechildcanspeakEnglishwell.3．Willyoupleasegotothecinemawithme?4．Hedidhishomeworkbyhimselfyesterday.5．IhavebeenlearningEnglishformanyyears.6．Springishere.Thetreesturngreen7．MayIgotothecinemawithyou,Dad?8．Iusuallygetupatsixonweekdays.9．--Whobrokethewindow,boys?--Idid,MissGao.10.Heplaysfootballafterschool.___________11.Iwaslateyesterday.___________12.Shemustbehungry.__________13.Helooksveryyoung._________ 14.Theywentswimmingyesterdayevening.__________15.Idon’thaveanysisters.___________二．单项选择。1.--Let’sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi.–It’snotfar.We______takeataxi.A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t2.–IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.--No,she______bethere.Ihavejustbeenthere.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t3.You______playwithfire,Tom.It’sverydangerous.A.needn’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.wouldn’t4.Asweknow,fish______dieoutofwater.A.mayB.isgoingtoC.canD.will5.–Canyouanswermyquestion,Lily?–Yes,I______.A.mayB.needC.mustD.can6.–Excuseme,______youtellmethewaytothenearestbusstation?--Sorry,Ican’t.I’mastrangerhere.A.canB.needC.mustD.may7.--______Ihavetoshowtheschoolrlreporttomyparents,MissKing?--Yes,youdo.A.MustB.DoC.CanD.May8.Whenautumncomes,sometreeleaves______red.A.soundB.turnC.smellD.taste9.--______weswiminthatriver?–No,you______.It’sdangeroustoswimthere.A.Must,can’tB.Can,maynotC.Shall,don’tD.May,mustn’t10.Aftersuchalongjourney,thechildren______beverytirednow.A.canB.mustC.havetoD.need11.You’vemadethesamemistakesagain.You______bemorecarefulnexttime.A.canB.mayC.hadtoD.should12.--______Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?--No,youneedn’t.Youcancompleteitthisafternoon.A.MayB.CanC.WouldD.Must13.–MustIfinishreadingthebooktoday?--No.You______ifyouhavesomethingelsetodo.A.mustn’tB.couldn’tC.can’tD.don’thaveto14.Youlooktirednow.You______stayathomeandhavearest.A.hadtoB.hadbetterC.wouldliketoD.wouldrather15.–CouldIlookatyourpictures?–Yes,ofcourseyou______.A.couldB.canC.willD.might16.Lookatthosebigblackclouds.It______rain.Let’shurry.A.mustB.willC.wouldD.isgoingto17.–Mum,mayIwatchTVnow--Sure,butyou______helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst. A.canB.mayC.mustD.could18.–Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?--I’dloveto.ButI’mafraidI______.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot19.--______youliketogoshoppingwithme?–Yes,I_____A.Would,wouldB.Will,willlikeC.Would,wouldloveD.Would,wouldloveto20.–Iwastoldtobeherebeforeseven.--Oh,you______.I’msorryfornottellingyouthatwehavechangedtheplan.A.mustB.can’tC.mayD.needn’t三．选用选用选用选用may,must,can,can’t,should填空：1.“______yourbrotherspeakEnglishverywell,too?”No,he______.”2.“______youplaytennis?”“Yes,I______.”3.Theboxisveryheavy.Tom______moveit.4.“Whataboutseeinganewfilmthisevening?”“I’mafraidI______.I______finishmyEnglishexercisesthisevening.”5.Thisfishwon’tkeepfresh,we______eatitnow.6.You______doit,so______I.7.You______startnow,oryou’llbelate.8.Excuseme,sir.______Iaskyouaquestion,please?9.I’mnotsureaboutthenews.It______or______notbetrue.10.Lilyisn’there.She______havegonetotheschoollibrary,orshe______havegone.四．用mustn’t,needn’t填空：1.You______writetomeifyoudon’thavethetime.2.You______hurry.I’msureyouwon’tbelate.3.You______forgettowritetomewhenyouarrivethere.4.Jane,you______playwiththeknife.It’sverydangerous.5.–MustIgetthereontimetoday?–No,you______.6.Timeisflying.We______wasteourtime.7.You______beafraidofthedifficulty.We’llgiveyouahelpinghand.8.–“MustIhandinthemathsexercisestomorrow?”--No,you______.Youmayhanditinthedayaftertomorrow.9.Tom,you______readinthesun.It’snotgoodforyoureyes.10.You______worrysomuch.I’msurehe’llbewellsoon.五.用适当的情态动词填空：1.Nobody____livewithoutairandwater．2.--_____hespeakChinese?--Yes，alittle．3.Thebook_____bereturnedbeforeSaturday．4.--_____Icomein?--Yes，please．5.You____giveupsmokingatonce．It"sbadforyourhealth．6.Excuseme，____Iaskyouaquestion? 7.____youtellmewherethestationis?8.Thetrainwillleaveathalfpastsix，soI____gettherefifteenminutesearlier．9.Youdon"t____worryabouther．Sheismuchbetternow．10.Ifyouwanttopasstheexam，you____workhard.11.A:______Ifinishmyhomeworknow?B:No,you______.You______doittomorrow.12.A:Thispencilisveryshort,______youstilluseit?B:No,I______.You______buyoneforme.13.A:______Igooutandplaybasketball,mum?B:No,you______finishyourhomeworkfirst.14.A:______Iplayfootballinthestreet?B:No,you______.15.A:______youfindmanypeopleinthedoctor’swaitingroom.B:No,I______.我的收获：Unit9动词（二） 现在进行时一．现在进行时的定义：现在进行时主要表示正在进行或发生的动作。谓语动词形式由助动词be加动词的现在分词构成。二．现在分词的变化规则：一般动词直接加ingplay-playing;open-opening以不发音e结尾去e再加ingtake;make;write;ride;have重读闭音节双写尾字母再加ingrun-running;get;sit;run;begin;put,swim,以ie结尾变ie为y再加ingdie-dying;lie-lying;tie-tying三．现在进行时的结构：肯定句：主语+be+现在分词+......否定句：主语+be+not+现在分词+......一般疑问句：Be+主语+现在分词+......?Yes,主语+am/is/are.No,主语+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+......?人称Be动词形式主语是第一人称单数I时be动词用am主语为第三人称单数he/she/it/单数名词时be动词为is主语是第二人称单数you时be动词为are主语是各人称复数we/you/they/复数名词时be动词为areEg:Iamlisteningtomusic.我正在听音乐。Tomisrunningnow.Tom现在正在跑步。Theyareplayingfootball.他们正在踢足球。四．现在进行时的用法：1.表示说话时刻正在发生或进行的动作。 Heisreading.他正在读书。Theyaredancing.他们正在跳舞。1.表示现阶段正在进行时的动作。常用的时间状语有thisweek/month,thesedays等。Theyarepreparingfortheexamthisweek.他们这周在准备考试。Sheisworkingthesedays.最近她在工作。2.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，常用的动词有come,go,leave,start,arrive等。IamleavingthisSunday.我这个礼拜天动身。Heiscoming.他马上来。五．现在进行时的标志词：1.now=atthemoment=atpresent现在，此刻2.listen,看listen听小升初专项练习—现在进行时一．写出下列动词的现在分词形式。help_______come_______swim_______eat_______give_______find_______sit_______write_______tie_______make_______play_______clean_______catch_______walk_______ride_______run_______draw_______listen_______begin_______dance_______watch_______sleep_______see_______have_______二．用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Look!Theboy___________(read)books.2.Thegirls______________(have)breakfastnow.3.—________he________(clean)theblackboard?—No,heisn’t.4.Tom___________(play)footballontheplaygroundatthemoment.5.Listen!They___________(sing)inthemusicroom.三．汉译英。1.我们正在看电视。We___________________TV..2.Tom在图书馆看书。Tom________________booksinthelibrary.3.康康在操场上打篮球。Kangkangisplayingbasketball________________.4.他此刻正在睡觉。Heissleeping__________________.5.玛利亚在做什么？What______Maria________now?6.你在做作业吗？_________you________yourhomework?四．句型转换。1.Iamrunningontheplayground.(变否定句)I_______________ontheplayground. 2.Sheisdancinginthegym.(变一般疑问句，并做肯定回答)_______________dancinginthegym？3.Theyaresleepingatthemoment.(划线部分提问)_____________they_______atthemoment?五．将下列句子改成现在进行时1.IwatchTVeveryday.I____________________TVnow.2.Sheworksinahospital.She_________________inhospital.3.Doyoureadthisbook?____you________thisbook.4.TomandSamhavelunchatabouttwelve.KittyandBen______________lunchatabouttwelve.5.Theycleantheroomintheevening.They______________theroomnow.六．完成下列现在进行时的句子：1.Thestudents___________(listen)totheteachernow.2.LiLei______________(watch)TVnow.3.She___________(look)atanicepicturenow.4.Look!Theboys______________(play)basketball.5.Listen!They_____________(sing)asong.6.Acat_____________(run)upthetreenow.7.I____________(get)upnow.8.Hermother______________(wash)thedishesnow.9.He_____________(go)totheparknow.10.They___________(sit)inthepark.11.Mymother______________(clean)theroomnow.12.She____________(drink)somemilk.13.Acat______________(sleep)behindthedoor.14.BillyandBob_______________(play)football.15.They____________(have)funtogether.七、选择填空。()1.Whatareyoudoing?I’m_____aninterestingbook.A.LookingB.SeeingC.reading()2.What___yoursisterdoing?She_____cleaningthefloor.A.are,isB.does,isC.is,is()3.Kateis___hergreendressnow.A.puttingonB.putsonC.wear()4.Isshe___herhomework?No,she___.A.do,doesn’tB.does,isn’tC.doing,isD.doing,isn’t()5.Look!Thecousins_____newsweaters. A.arewearingB.WearingC.arewearD.iswearing()6.Don’ttalkhere.Myfatherandmother_____.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep()7Listen!Thebirds___inthetree.A.singB.singingC.issingingD.aresinging()8.Who_____overtherenow?.A.DrawingB.isdrawC.isdrawingD.draw()9.Thestudents_____anEnglishclass.A.HaveB.HavingC.ishavingD.arehaving()10.Listen!Thebaby_____intheroom.A.CryingB.CriedC.iscryingD.cries()11.Iam____totheradio.A.amlisteningB.ListeningC.amlisten()12.She_____thepiano.A.isplayingBareplayingCplaying()13..We____onthechair.A.issittingB.aresitingC.aresitting()14.Lily_____ontheplayground.A.amrunningB.runningC.isrunning()15.They____inthepool.A.areswimmingB.areswimmingC.swimming我的收获：Unit10动词（三） 一般现在时一：一般现在时的定义：一般现在时主要表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词形式为动词原形，当主语是单数第三人称时，动词原形后加-s或-es.二：动词单三的变化规则：形式变化规则例词一般动词直接加“s”works,takes以辅音字母加“y”结尾变“y”为“i”,再加“es”carry;cry;fly;try;study以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾加“es”go;dress;watch;brush;do;push;fix;三：一般现在时的结构：1.Be动词的一般现在时结构：肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+......否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)not+......一般疑问句：Be(am/,is/are)+主语+......?Yes,主语+be(am/is/are).No,主语+be(am/is/are)+not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be(am/,is/are)+主语+......?2.实义动词的一般现在时结构：肯定句：主语+V原/V单三+......否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+V原+.......一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+......?Yes,主语+do/does.No,主语+don’t/doesn’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+......? 人称be动词形式实义动词形式主语是第一人称单数I时用amV原主语为第三人称单数he/she/it/单数名词时用isV单三主语是第二人称单数you时用areV原主语是各人称复数we/you/they/复数名词时用areV原Eg:Iamaboyandsheisagirl.我是个男孩，她是个女孩。PenguinslivearoundtheSouthPole.企鹅生活在南极地区。Hereadshislectures.他看着演讲稿。四：一般现在时的用法：1.表示现阶段经常发生的、反复发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与时间词always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday/night/week,onSunday等连用。Eg:Heusuallygoestoschoolat7：ooo’clock.他通常7点去上学。Thestudentsoftengetupat6：30inthemorning.学生们经常早上6:30起床。2.表示普遍真理，科学事实，格言等不受时间限制的客观存在。Eg:Waterfreezesat0℃.水在摄氏零度结冰。Summerfollowsspring.春去夏来。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Theearthturns/goesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。3.表示现在的能力、特征、职业,住所等：Eg:Hesingswell.他唱歌唱得好。Iamateacher.我是一名老师。TheyliveinZhengzhou.他们住在郑州。LilylikesEnglish.莉莉喜欢英语。五：一般现在时的标志词：1.every+时间系列：everyday/everyyear/everyweek.......2.频度副词：always(总是）usually(通常）often(经常）sometimes(有时）never(从不）小升初专项练习—一般现在时　一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 　　drink________go_______stay________make________　　look_________have_______pass_______carry_______　　come________watch______plant_______fly________　　study_______brush________do_________teach_______　二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空　　1、Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.　　2、DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.　　3、We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.　　4、Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.　　5、______they________(like)theWorldCup?　　6、What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?　　7、_______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?　　8、Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.　　9、SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.　　10、There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.　　11、Mike_______(like)cooking.　　12、They_______(have)thesamehobby.　　13、Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.　　14、Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.　　15、I_______(be)illandI"mstayinginbed.　　16、She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.　　17、LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.　　18、Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.　　19、SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.　　20、－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?　　－It"sSaturday.　　三、按照要求改写句子　　1、DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)　　___________________________________________________　　2、Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)　　________________________________________________________　　3、Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)　　___________________________　　4、Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)　　___________________________________________________　　5、Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)　　_______________________________________________________　　6、HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)　　___________________________________________________　　7、Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)　　________________________________________________________　　8、JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)　　___________________________________________________　　9、Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) 　　________________________________________________________　　10、SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)　　___________________________________________________　　四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)　　1、IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________　　2、Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________　　3、Helikesplaygamesafterclass、__________________　　4、Mr.WuteachsusEnglish、__________________　　5、Shedon"tdoherhomeworkonSundays、_________________五、完成句子。1.他每天六点钟起床。He__________________sixeverymorning.2.小明经常去远足。XiaoMing_________________hiking.3.她总是在星期天看望爷爷奶奶。She_________________hergrandparentsonSundays.4.Sandy周末上学吗？________Sandy______________schoolonweekends?5.他什么时候去上班？When________hegoto________?6.李云喜欢秋天，不喜欢冬天。LiYun_________autumn,buthe_________likewinter.7.今天的天气怎么样？What’sthe_________like_________?8.她有电脑吗？___________she__________acomputer?9.Sue有一本有趣的故事书。Sue_______________an_________________book.10.他们是德国人，不会说法语。Theyare_______sothey_____________________.我的收获：Unit11动词（四）一般过去时 一．一般过去时的定义：一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词形式为动词的过去式，即在动词的后加-ed。二．动词过去式的变化规则：1.规则动词的变化规则：一般动词-edwork,shout,repeat以e结尾直接加dinvite,decide,hate;love;hope以辅+y结尾变y为i加edtry;hurry,cry辅元辅重读闭音节结构双写最后一个字母stopped,planned,dropped,2.不规则动词表格：动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式am,is是wasgive给gavesee看见saware是werego走wentsell卖soldbeat打败beatgrow长，成长grewsend寄，送sentbecome成为becamehave,has有hadset设置，摆setbegin开始beganhear听见heardshake摇动shookblow吹blewhide躲藏hidshall将，将要shouldbreak打破brokehit打击hitshine照耀shone,shinedbring带来broughthold持，举行heldshoot射击shotbuild建造builthurt伤害hurtshow展示showedbuy买boughtkeep保持keptshut关shutcan能，能够couldknow知道knewsing唱歌sangcatch抓住，赶上caughtlay摆laidsink下沉sank,sunkchoose选择choselead领导ledsit做satcome来camelearn学习learntlearnedsleep睡觉sleptcost花费costleave离开leftsmell闻起来smelt,smelledcut切，割cutlend借出lentspeak讲spoke动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式deal处理dealtletletspend花费spentdig挖duglie躺，撒谎lay,liedstand站，站立stood do/does做didlose丢失lostSteal偷stoledraw绘画drewmake制作madesweep扫sweptdream做梦，梦想着dreamed,dreamtmay可以mightswim游泳swamdrink喝drankmean意味着meanttake带走tookdrive开车drovemeet遇见metteach教taughteat吃atemistake犯错误mistooktell告诉toldfall落下felloversleep睡过头oversleptthink想，思考thoughtfeel感觉feltpay付款paidthrow扔threwfight打架，打仗foughtput放putunder-stand懂，明白under-stoodfind找到foundread读readwake叫醒woke,wakedflee逃跑fledride骑rodewear穿worefly飞flewring（电话，门铃）响rangwill将，将要wouldforget忘记forgotrise上升，升起rosewin赢wonfreeze结冰frozerun跑ranwrite写wroteget到达gotsay说said三．一般过去时的结构：1.Be动词的一般过去时结构：肯定句：主语+be(was/were)+......否定句：主语+be(was/were)+not+......一般疑问句：Be(was/were)+主语+......?Yes,主语+be(was/were).No,主语+be(was/were)+not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be(was/were)+主语+......?2.实义动词的一般过去时结构： 肯定句：主语+V过去式三+......否定句：主语+didn’t+V原+.......一般疑问句：Did+主语+V原+......?Yes,主语+did.No,主语+didn’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+......?人称be动词形式实义动词形式主语是第一人称单数I时用wasV过去式主语为第三人称单数he/she/it/单数名词时用wasV过去式主语是第二人称单数you时用wereV过去式主语是各人称复数we/you/they/复数名词时用wereV过去式Eg:Wherewereyoujustnow?你刚刚在哪儿？Iwasinmyroomjustnow.我刚刚在房间。Wevisitedthemuseumlastmonth.上个月我们参观了那个博物馆。Hebrokethevaseyesterday.他昨天打碎了花瓶。一．一般过去时的用法：1．表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。Eg：1）Iwasatthezooyesterday.昨天我在动物园。2）Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.昨晚我11：00睡觉。2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。1）WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我在小的时候，我经常在街道上踢足球。2）Myfatheroftendrovetoworklastyear.去年，我爸爸经常开车上班。五.一般过去时的标志词：1.yesterday系列yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening昨天早上/下午/晚上thedaybeforeyesterday后天2.last+名词lastyear去年lastweek上一周lastmonth上个月........3.......agotenminutesago十分钟之前amonthago一个月前4.in+过去的年份in1950在1950年in1998在1998年 小升初专项练习—一般过去时一：选用恰当的时态，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。    LastyearMr.Smith_____(go)toChinaandJapan.He_____(have)awonderfultime.He_____(do)alotofdifferentthingsand_____(talk)toagreatnumberofdifferentpeople.He_____(eat)ChineseandJapanesefoodand_____(visit)alotofinterestingplaces.Whenhe_____(go)backtoEngland,he_____(be)verytired.二：句型转换：写出下列各句的否定形式（在可能的地方用缩略形式），1.ProfessorJenningstaughtthemEnglishin1990.　2.Tomhadawonderfultimeinxi’an.　3.Maryfoundherkeysinherbedroom.　4.XiaoWang’sparentslivedinShanghaitenyearsago.　5.JanewenttotheGreatwalltwoorthreetimes.三：用词的适当形式填空1.Heatesomebreadand_________(drink)somemilk.2.________he__________(finish)hishomeworklastnight?3.I__________(be)tiredyesterday.4.I___________(gain)Artsdegreelastyear.5.What_________you___________(do)ateighto’clocklastnight?6.Mygrandfather_________(leave)HongkongforNewYorkin1998.7.What_______you________(do)thistimeyesterday?四：单选(    )1.______you________atsixo’clockyesterday?A.Do,getup    B.Did,getup    C.Do,gotup    D.Did,gotup(    )2.Whatdidyousee_________?A.now    B.everyday    C.since1990    D.justnow(    )3.Hewentintotheroomand_______thedoor.A.lock    B.locking    C.locks    D.locked(    )4.--What_____you_______lastweek?  --Iboughtabag.A.did,buy    B.did,bought    C.do,buy    D.do,bought(    )5.--_____he____hislunch?  --Yes,hedid.A.Have,had    B.Had,has   C.Did,have    D.Did,had五：用词的适当形式填空    Aweekago,KittyandBen_________(be)inthecountryside.Atfirst,thewind_________(blow)lightly.Theleaves___________(blew)slightlyinthewind.They________(fly)theirkitehappilyinthegentlebreeze.Suddenly,thewind________(become)stronger.Thecloudsinthesky_______(move)quickly.Leaves________(fall)fromtrees.ThestringonBen’skite_________(break).Theskybecamedark. KittyandBen________(go)homeimmediately.KittyandBen________(stay)athome.They__________(watch)TV.Thewindbecamemuchstronger.It_________(blow)fiercely.Itbecameatyphoon.Treesfelldown.Shipsandboats__________(sink)inthebigwaves.Thetyphoon_______(pass)quickly.Thewindbecamegentler.Thebigclean-up________(begin)immediately.KittyandBenwentoutsideagain.六：用词的适当形式填空1.LastweekI_______(buy)anewbike.2.He________(be)herejustnow.3.He__________(notfind)hiskeylastnight.4.Myfather__________(drink)alotofwineyesterday.5.________you________(finish)yourhomeworkyesterday?6.I________(eat)someeggsandbreadinthismorning.7.Hermother__________(notgive)thegirlanypresent.8._______you______(do)yourhouseworklastnight?9.What_________you_________(draw)onthatpaperjustnow?10.Howmanypens________you_________(bring)yesterday?七：按要求写句子1.Ididn’tbuyanybooks.(改成肯定句)  I______________________books.2.Hebrokethewindowjustnow.（改成一般疑问句）  __________he_________thewindowjustnow?3.Thewindblowgently.（改成过去时）  Thewind_________________.4.Ididmyhomework（改成否定式）  I__________________myhomework.5.Theteacherbeginherclassateighto’clock.（改成过去时）  Theteacher________herclassateighto’clock.6.Ifoundthebookontheground.（就划线部分提问）  _________________you_________thebook?　我的收获：Unit12动词（五）一般将来时 一：一般将来时的定义：一般将来时主要表示单纯的将来事实。谓语动词形式通常有助动词shall,will加动词原形构成。Shall和will都可以缩写为’ll形式。二：一般将来时的结构：肯定句：主语+will/shall+V原+......(shall的主语只能是第一人称I和we,will可以用于各种人称。）否定句：主语+will/shall+not+V原+.......(willnot+won’tshallnot=shan’t)一般疑问句：Shall/Will+主语+V原+......?Yes,主语+shall/will.No,主语+shan’t/won’t.Eg:Weshallsetofftomorrow.我们明天出去。WillshegotoLondonbyairnextweek?她下周要乘飞机去伦敦吗？Theywon’tleaveforBeijing.他们将不去北京。三：一般将来时的用法：1.表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。Eg:Iwillcallyoutomorrow.明天我会给你打电话的。2.Begoingto+动词原形：也可以表示一般将来时，且通常是指按计划，安排打算要做的事情或已有迹象显示很可能发生的事情。Eg:Heisgoingtochanghisjob.他打算换工作。Itisgoingtorain.天要下雨了。3.Willyou......?用于委婉地询问对方，请求对方许可或希望对方同意。Eg:Willyouopenthedoor?你可以打开门吗？4.ShallI/we.....?用来礼貌地征求对方的意见。Eg:Shallwegocamping?我们可以去宿营吗？四：一般将来时的标志词：1.tomorrow系列：tomorrowmorning明天早上thedayaftertomorrow......后天......2.next+名词系列：nextyear明年nextmonth下个月nextweek下周3.in+时间段的所有格+time:.....以后inanhour’stime一个小时以后 intwominutes’time两分钟以后inthreemonths’time三个月以后4.soon不久inthefuture将来小升初专项练习—一般将来时一：根据汉语，翻译下列句子。　1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。　　I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.　　I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.　2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.　　What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.　3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。　　_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?　　Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.　4.你们打算什么时候见面。　　Whattime_______you___________________meet?　二：按要求改句子。　　5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）　　Nancy________goingtogocamping.　　6.I"llgoandjointhem.（改否定）　　I_______go______jointhem.　　7.I"mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）　　_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?　　8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）　　_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.　　9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）　　_______________she_________________________afterschool?　　10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.（同上）　　__________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.　　三：用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Todayisasunnyday.We_____________（have）apicnicthisafternoon.　　12.Mybrother_______________（go）toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften______________（go）toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisraining.He______________（go）toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________（watch）TVand____________（catch）insects?15.It"sFridaytoday.What_____she_________（do）thisweekend? She______________（watch）TVand_____________（catch）insects.16.What___________（do）youdolastSunday?I____________（pick）applesonafarm.What______________（do）nextSunday?I_____________（milk）cows.　　17.Mary____________（visit）hergrandparentstomorrow.　　18.LiuTao____________（fly）kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.　　19.David______________（give）apuppetshownextMonday.　　20.I________________（plan）formystudynow.四：句型转换。1.Peopleinthenorthoftengoskatinginwinter.（nextwinter）2.Therearetwocinemasinthattown.（nextyear）3.Hecomesbacklate.（intwodays）4.Sheisaconductorofatrain.（soon）五：单项选择。()1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn’tworkingB.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworkingD.wontwork()3.He_____verybusythisweek,he______freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.–________you________freetomorrow?–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;will C.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe()5.Mother_______meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give()6.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?________.（不，不要。）A.No,youwon’t.B.No,youarent.C.No,pleasedont.D.No,please.()7.–Whereisthemorningpaper?–I________itforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()8.________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()9.He________tousassoonashegetsthere.A.writesB.haswrittenC.willwriteD.wrote()10.He________inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback我的收获： Unit13动词（六）现在完成时一：现在完成时的定义：现在完成时主要表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。谓语动词形式为助动词has/have加上动词的过去分词。二：过去分词的变化规则：1.规则动词的变化规则：（规则动词的过去式就是过去分词）一般动词-edwork,shout,repeat以e结尾直接加dinvite,decide,hate;love;hope以辅+y结尾变y为i加edtry;hurry,cry辅元辅重读闭音节结构双写最后一个字母stopped,planned,dropped,2.不规则动词表：动词原形动词过去式过去分词动词原形动词过去式过去分词动词原形动词过去式过去分词am,iswasbeengivegavegivenseesawseenarewerebeengowentgonesellsoldsoldbeatbeatbeat,beatengrowgrewgrownsendsentsentbecomebecamebecomehave,hashadhadsetsetsetbeginbeganbegunhearheardheardshakeshookshakenblowblewblownhidehidhiddenshallshouldbreakbrokebrokenhithithitshineshone,shinedshone,shinedbringbroughtbroughtholdheldheldshootshotshotbuildbuiltbuilthurthurthurtshowshowedshowed,shownbuyboughtboughtkeepkeptkeptshutshutshutcancouldknowknewknownsingsangsungcatchcaughtcaughtlaylaidlaidsinksank,sunksunkchoosechosechosenleadledledsitsatsatcomecamecomelearnlearntlearnedlearntlearnedsleepsleptslept动词原形动词过去式过去分词动词原形动词过去式过去分词动词原形动词过去式过去分词costcostcostleaveleftleftsmellsmelt,smelt smelledsmelledcutcutcutlendlentlentspeakspokespokendealdealtdealtletletletspendspentspentdigdugduglielay,liedlain,liedstandstoodstooddo/doesdiddoneloselostloststealstolestolendrawdrewdrawnmakemademadesweepsweptsweptdreamdreamed,dreamtdreamed,dreamtmaymightswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkmeanmeantmeanttaketooktakendrivedrovedrivenmeetmetmetteachtaughttaughteatateeatenmistakemistookmistakentelltoldtoldfallfellfallenoversleepoversleptoversleptthinkthoughtthoughtfeelfeltfeltpaypaidpaidthrowthrewthrownfightfoughtfoughtputputputunder-standunder-stoodunder-stoodfindfoundfoundreadreadreadwakewoke,wakedwoken,wakedfleefledfledrideroderiddenwearworewornflyflewflownringrangrungwillwouldforgetforgotforgottenriseroserisenwinwonwonfreezefrozefrozenrunranrunwritewrotewrittengetgotgot,gottensaysaidsaid三：现在完成时的结构：肯定句：主语+has/have+过去分词+......否定句：主语+has/have+not+过去分词+......一般疑问句：Has/Have+主语+过去分词+......?Yes,主语+has/have.No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+has/have+主语+过去分词+......?人称has/have+过去分词主语是第一人称单数I时have+过去分词 主语为第三人称单数he/she/it/单数名词时has+过去分词主语是第二人称单数you时have+过去分词主语是各人称复数we/you/they/复数名词时have+过去分词Eg:Ihavewashedmycartwicerecently.最近我洗了两次车。Hehasdonealotofworkforus.他为我们做了很多工作。四．现在完成时的用法：1.表示在过去发生并已经结束的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。Ihavealreadyhadlunch.我已经吃过午饭了。WehavebeentoChengdurecently.我们最近去过成都了。2.表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还会持续下去。HehaslivedinLondonfor5years.他在伦敦住5年了。3.has/havebeento.....去过.....（人已经回来，可以和次数连用）has/havegoneto......去了.....(人未回，通常用于第三人称）IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes.我去过长城三次了。--WhereisPeter?--HehasgonetoAmerica.皮特在哪儿？他去美国了。五．现在完成时的标志词：1.already已经（位于has/have后，用于肯定句中）yet已经（位于句末，用于疑问句和否定句中）2.just刚刚ever曾经3.for+时间段forfivedaysfortenmonthsfortwohours4.since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子since1942自从1942年sincetwohoursago自从两个小时以前小升初专项练习—现在完成时一、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。4.他已经吃过午饭。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。 7.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。8.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。9.自从1999年以来他们就认识。10.我来到这个学校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1.______twoyears2.____twoyearsago3.___lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7._______4hours8._____anhourago9.___wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.____shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.三、划线提问1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook? 四、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.五、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?---I____tothezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?六．用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空。 1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”七．用适当的时态填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem____________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)herpen.________you_______(see)ithereandthere?6._________you_____(find)yourwatchyet?7.---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________just_________(have)someorange.8.We----already_________(return)thebook.9.________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage?10.I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.Unit14动词（七） 被动语态一．被动语态的定义：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词通常有：be+过去分词构成。二．被动语态的结构：在使用中，被动语态还有“人称、数、情态动词搭配、时态”等问题，这些都在be动词上做形式上的变化，现将各个时态的被动形式归纳如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are+过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词has/have+been+过去分词过去was/were+过去分词was/were+being+过去分词将来shall/will+be+过去分词带有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。Eg:Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一辆公共汽车。Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时，机器正在被修理。Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。三．被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建造的。Hewaselectedchairman.他被选为主席。2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。Theroomhasn"tbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。三．主动语态变被动语态： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。2，主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：主动句中的主语如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.这所医院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成这项工作。Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.这项工作只能由他来完成。四．情态动词的被动结构：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.小升初专项练习—被动语态 一、单项选择题( )1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?  A.Is;built  B.Was;bulit  C.Does;build     D.Did;build( )2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek. A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappened D.happened( )3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina. A.isgrown         B.aregrown           C.grows       D.grow( )4.AtalkonChinesehistory__inthschoolhallnextweek. A.isgiven    B.hasbeengiven    C.willbegivenD.gives( )5.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.  A.aredoing  B.arebeingdone  C.hasbeendone    D.willbedone( )6.Neitherofthem______inChina.  A.ismade       B.aremade      C.weremade         D.made( 7.Look!Anicepicture____forourteacher.  A.isdrawing　  B.isbeingdrawn C.hasbeendrawn      D.draws( )8.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.  A.wearout      B.wornout    C.arewornout   D.isworn( )9.Thedoctor_____foryet.  A.isn"tsentB.hasn"tbeensent    C.won"tbesentD.wasn"tsent( )10.--When___thiskindofcomputers______? --Lastyear.  A.did;use      B.was;used     C.is;used   D.are;used( )11.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.  A.knows        B.knew     C.isknown            D.wasknown( )12.I____insummer.  A.born     B.wasborn    C.havebeenborn      D.amborn( )13.HesaysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.  A.issent  B.wouldsend  C.wassent   D.willbesent( )14.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.   A.wastoldus   B.wastoldtous  C.istoldus D.toldus( )15.Olderpeople____well.   A.looksafter   B.mustbelookedafter     C.mustlookafter  D.lookedafter二、把下列句子改写成被动语态1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory. __________________________________2.Everybodylikesthissong.        __________________________________3.Hedoesn"tshowthestampstome.   __________________________________4.Peopledon"tgrowriceinthewestofJapan._____________________________5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._______________________________6.Crannytoldusastorylastnight.__________________________________7.Hedidn"tgivethedictionarytomeyesterday.__________________________8.Hedidn"tbuyanythingtherebeforeheleft.____________________________9.Theycan"tmendthebikeinthatshop.__________________________________10.Youshouldtakegoodcareofherbaby.__________________________________三、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.→   Thework_____________________________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.→ Silk_________ ________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.→  AnEnglishsong________ __________ ________bythechildren.4.Youneedn"tdoitnow.→It________ __________ _________byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.→ANewYearCard________________ ________herbymelastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.→Metal________ _________formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.→I________ _________ _________thatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.→Thisbook_______ _________ ________tothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?→________abridge________herebythemayearago?10.We"llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.→AnEnglishplay________ _______ _______oninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.→ColourTVsets________ ______ ______moreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.→Hiswatch_________ _________ _________bymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.→Theflowersmust________ ________(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.→Knives_______________forcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.→Thefarmers_______________ _______ ______foralongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?→_________thewindow_______ _______ ________ yesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.→Thelightgreendresses________ _______ ______out.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.→Theclassroom_________ ________everyday.19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.→Trees______ ______ _______ ______ inverydryearth.20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.→AHole_________ _________ __________intheearth. 四、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudents____________often____________(tell)totakecareoftheir desksandchairs.2.Thatplay_______________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He______________(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop. 5.What__________aknife____________(make)of?    It_______________(make)ofmetalandwood.6.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.7.____________themagazine____________(cantake)outofthelibrary?8.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.9.Thestars_____________(cansee)inthedaytime.10.Someflowers__________(water)byLiMingalready.11.Thesekindsofmachines__________(make)inJapan.12.Apples_________ ________(grow)inthisfarm.13.Russian___________ _______________(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.14.Planes,carsandtrains_____________ ____________(use)bybusiness peoplefortravelling.15.Thecinema______________ ____________(build)in1985.亲爱的同学们：动词是整个小升初阶段乃至整个英语学习阶段的重点内容，据统计小升初考试中动词时态（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，一般将来时）的出题比率占到了70-80%，所以在学习的时候一定要用心！还要记住：熟能生巧！只有不断的练习才能使你在考试中游刃有余。写下你最困惑的问题跟老师一起讨论吧！Unit15句型（一）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句一．一般疑问句：在英语的学习中，一般疑问句的转换及回答是经常碰到的问题，现在我们就来探讨一下有关一般疑问句的问题。（1）什么是一般疑问句 用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。一般疑问句还有下列特点：1.以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头；例：Isyourfatherateacher?DoesCatherinelikeanimals?CanJennyspeakFrench?2.往往读升调；3.译成汉语，都可以带上“吗”，例如上面三句可分别译为：你父亲是老师吗？凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗？詹妮会说法语吗？（2）如何将陈述句变成一般疑问句？要将陈述句变成一般疑问句，可以遵循下列步骤：1.看句中有没有be动词（am、is、are、was、were）、或助动词（do、does、did、have、had）或情态动词（can、must、will、may等），如果有，将其提到句首，句末打上问号即可。例：Itwasrainyyesterday.→Wasitrainyyesterday?Tom"sfathercanplaythepiano.→CanTom"sfatherplaythepiano?Ihavefinishedmyhomework.→Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则根据谓语动词的形式借助do的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是：如果谓语动词是原形，则借do；如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式，则借does；如果谓语动词是过去式，则借did.需要注意的是，借does或did后，原句的谓语动词要变回原形。例：Theygotoschoolbybike.→Dotheygotoschoolbybike?Billgetsupat6:30everyday.→Doesbillgetsupat6:30everyday?Thestudentssawafilmyesterday.→Didthestudentsseeafilmyesterday?（3）陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外，还应注意下列几点：1.如果陈述句中有第一人称，则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。例：Iusuallyhavelunchatschool.→Doyouusuallyhavelunchatschool?Myfatherisplayingsoccer.→Isyourfatherplayingsoccer?2.如果陈述句中有some,则变问句时往往要变成any。例：Thereissomewaterontheplayground. →Isthereanywaterontheplayground?3.复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句，从句不变。例：IknowhecomesfromCanada.→DoyouknowhecomesfromCanada?4．如果句中含有实义动词have且表示“有”时,除借do外，也可将其直接提到句首。例：IhavesomefriendsinAmerica.→HaveyouanyfriendsinAmerica?/DoyouhaveanyfriendsinAmerica?（4）一般疑问句的回答一般疑问句往往采用简短回答，共由三部分（三个单词）组成，对这三部分（三个单词）的确定可以概括例下：1.第一个词：不是Yes就是No。（有时根据语气的不同，Yes可由Sure,Certainly,Ofcourse等代替.NO可由sorry代替.）2.第二个词：问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致（但必须用主格代词）。例：Doesshecleanherroomeveryday?Yes,shedoes.IsAnna′sfatheradoctor?No，heisn′t.如果主语是thisthat,回答时用it代替，如果问句中主语these,those,回答时用they′代替。3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。CanJimplaysoccer?Yes,hecan./DoesMrBeanspeakEnglish?Yes,hedoes.需要注意问题：用may引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用can′t或mustn′t，用must引导的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn′t.例：MayIgototheparknow?Yes,youmay./No,youmustn′t.MustIwashmyclothesnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn′t.4．用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上not。因为回答必须是三部分，所以否定回答必须缩写，而肯定回答不能缩写。例:DidThomascomehereyesterday?Yes,hedid./No,hedidn′t.IsLinLininClass3?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn′t.或（No,she′snot）.二．特殊疑问句：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：whatwhowhosewhichwhenwherehowwhy等。 （1）特殊疑问句有两种语序：１．如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：疑问词（＋主语）＋谓语动词＋其他成分？如：whoissingingintheroom﹖whosebikeisbroken﹖２．如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词＋一般疑问句语序？　如：whatclassareyouin﹖Whatdoesshelooklike﹖Whereareyoufrom﹖Whattimedoeshegetupeverymorning﹖Howdoyouknow﹖特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？eg:WheredoyoudostudyEnglish?特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他？eg:WhyisyourMumsoangry?特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？eg:WhatcanIdoforyou?（2）特殊疑问句的注意事项回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes／no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如：WhoisfromCanada﹖Helen(is)．Where"stherestaurant﹖Nearthestation．Whydoyoulikekoalas﹖Becausetheyarecute．小升初专项练习—一般疑问句和特殊疑问句一：将下列句子变成一般疑问句：1.HisfatherisanEnglishteacher.2.Thesecatsarecrying.3.Theycanswim.4.IliketoreadEnglish. 5.Igotoschoolonfoot.6.HelikesEnglish.7.Hisfathergoestoworkbybus.8.Heiscryingunderthetree.9.Kittyisdoingherhomework.10.Theboyunderthetreeishungry.11.Hegoestoschooleveryday.12.Iwanttohaveanewcar.13.Shewantsacupofcoffee.14.Idomyhomeworkafterschool.15.Mybrotherhasabaseballbat.16.Tomlikescarrots.17.Herbrotherslikeicecream.18.Hisparentshavemanygoodfriends.19.Theylikemath.20.TheycomefromUSA.21.Theyaregoodfriends.22.Tomhasablackwatch.23.BobwatchesTVeveryday.24.TheCDsareonthedesk.25.Jeanlikessomehamburgers.26.JackandTomhaveaniceroom.27.Icanplayfootball.28.Hecandrawapicture.29.Theycanwatertheflowers.30.XiaoMingcansweepthefloor.二、选择正确的单词填空 (who,where,when)1._____isthatprettygirl?Sheismysister.2._____areJackandTom?Theyarebehindyou.3._____doyougotoschool?IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.4._____hasabeautifulflower?Johnhasabeautifulflower.5._____arethey?Theyaremyparents.6._____ismymother?Sheisinthelivingroom.7._____areyougoing?Wearegoingtothebakery(面包坊).8._____doJimandWendyplayball?Theyplayballintheafternoon.9._____doeshejog?Hejogsinthepark.10._____areyoufrom?I"mfromChangchuncity.三、就画线部分提问1.Heismyfather.2.Theyareunderthetree.3.IoftenwatchTVafterdinner.(晚饭后)4.Lilyswimsintheswimmingpool.(游泳池)5.Supermanfliesinthesky.6.Ioftenbrushmyteethintheevening.7.AlanlikestoplaywithBill.8.Joe"sfatherplaysbadminton(羽毛球)everyweekend.9.Thesupermarketisneartheschool.10.Thelaptop(笔记本电脑)isonthetable.11.Jenniferhasapairofearrings(耳环).12.Theflowersareintheflowerpot(花盆).13.Mygrandpatookustothezoo.14.Iputthegoldfish(金鱼)intothefishtank(鱼缸).15.The monkeysleepsatnight.四．用whattime,whatcolor,whatday,what填空。1.A:_____________isit?  B:Itisnineo’clock.2.A:_____________doesyourmothergetup?    B:Mymothergetsupat6:30.3.A:_____________doyougotobed?B:Igotobedat10:00.4.A:_____________doDianaandFionahavesupper?B:DianaandFionahavesupperat18:00.5.A:_____________isit?B:Itispurple.6.A:_____________isthesky?B:Theskyisblue.7.A:_____________isyourcoat?B:Mycoatisblack.8.A:_____________isthedog?B:Thedogiswhite.9.A:_____________istoday?B:TodayisMonday.10.A:_____________istomorrow?B:TomorrowisTuesday.11.A:_____________wasyesterday(昨天)?B:YesterdaywasSunday.12.A:_____________doyoulike?B:Ilikered.13.A:______isthis?Thisisacomputer(电脑).14.A:______areyoudoing?B:Weareplayingbasketball.15.A:______doesyourmotherdo?B:Mymotherisapolicewoman.16.A:______arethose?B:Thosearepeppers(辣椒).17.A:______isinthebox?B:Alovelydollisinthebox.18.A:______isonthetable?B:Theappleisonthetable.19.A:______isintheclassroom?Theblackboardisintheclassroom.20.A:__________________?B:Maryishungry.21.A:______________________________?B:Myfavoritecolorispink.22.A:________________________?B:Nickisplayingtabletennis.五．连线：（Match）1.What’sonthechair?     A Thereisabookinthebag.2.Howisyourfather?        BTheseareapples.3.Whatarethese?           C Igotoschoolbybus.4.Whatisinthebag?       DTheradioisonthechair.5.Howdoyougotoschool?  EMyfatherisfine.6.Howmuchisit?        F Iwashmyfaceinthemorning.7.Whattimeisit?          G  Ihavetwohands.8.Whendoyouwashyourface?    H Itisfouro’clock.9.Howmanyhandsdoyouhave?    IItis5RMB(人民币).10.Whendoyouhavelunch?        JIhavelunchatnoon.我的收获： Unit16句型（二）选择疑问句和反意疑问句一．选择疑问句： 1、选择疑问句概述  选择疑问句（alternativequestions）一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如：  Willyougotherebybusorbytrain？  你准备乘汽车，还是乘火车去那儿？  Whatwouldyoulike，coffeeortea？  你想要什么，咖啡还是茶？  Howmanypensdoyouhave，oneortwo？  你有几枝钢笔，一枝还是两枝？  2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句  Isitrightorwrong？是对还是错？  Wereyouorhethere？是你还是他在那儿？  Aretheyreadingorwatchingtelevision？他们是在看书还是在看电视？  Doyouwanttogotherebylandorbyair？  你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿？  3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句  Whichdoyoulikebetter，coffeeormilk？  你更喜欢喝什么，咖啡还是牛奶？  Whatcolourisit，redoryellow？  它是什么颜色，红的还是黄的？  Howshallwego，byseaorbyland？  我们怎么去，走水路还是陆路？  4、ornot构成的选择疑问句  Doyouwanttobuyitor not？  你是想买它还是不想买？  Areyoureadyornot？  你准备好了还是没有准备好？  5、选择疑问句的答非所问语  选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式，不能用yes或no，如：  —Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike？  你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班？  —Bybus.乘公交车。  —Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?    你要茶还是咖啡?  —Coffee.咖啡  二.反意疑问句的构成  1、反意疑问句的构成 反意疑问句（disjunctivequestions）由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的一简短问句（称为questiontag），中间用逗号隔开，因此，反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式，附加问句用否定句式；如果陈述句是否定式，附加问句用肯定句式（前肯后否，前否后肯）。附加问句一般为“be动词（助动词、情态动词）+代词”构成，如：  Theydidn’tcleantheclassroomyesterday，didthey？  他们昨天没有打扫教室，是吗？  You’recoming，aren’tyou？你会来的，不是吗？  Johndoesn’tliketea，doeshe？  约翰不喜欢茶，是吗？  Shecan’tswim，canshe？她不会游泳，对吗？  Thisisyourcar，isn’tit？这是你的车，对吧？  Youdon’tlikerockmusic，doyou？  你不喜欢摇滚乐，对吧？  2、反意疑问句需注意的问题  （1） 附加问句中的主语要用代词，如果陈述句的主语是代词，用相应的代词即可，如果陈述句的主语是名词，用相应的代词指代该名词，如：  Heisyourteacher，isn’the？  他是你的老师，是吧？  Lileigetsupatsixinthemorning，doesn’the？  李雷每天早上6点起床，是吗？  （2）如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词，附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可；如果没有，就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词，如：  Tomhasfinishedhishomework，hasn’the？  汤姆己经完成了他的作业，是吗？  ShewenttoShanghaiyesterday，didn’tshe？  她昨天去上海了，是吗？  （3）有些句子包含表示no,noone,nothing,nobody,never,few,little,seldom,hardly,rarely,等否定含义的词时否定意义语，也算否定句，如：  There’slittlewaterinthebottle，isthere？  瓶子里没有水了，是吗？  3、反意疑问句的答语  （1）反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答，但是要注意时态及代词的呼应，如：  —Sheisyourteacher，isn’tshe？  她是你的老师，是吧？  —Yes，sheis.是的，她是。  —No，sheisn’t.不，她不是。  —Lileigetsupatsixinthemorning，doesn’the？ 李雷每天早上6点起床，是吗？  —Yes，heis.是的，他是。  —No，heisn’t.不，他不是。  （2）在前否定后肯定的句子中，yes含义为“不”，no含义为“是”，如：  Shecan’tswim，canshe？她不会游泳，对吗？  Yes，shecan.不，她会。  No，shecan’t.是的，她不会。  Sheisn’tyourteacher，isshe？  她不是你的老师，对吧？  Yes，sheis.不，她是。  No，sheisn’t.是的，她不是。  4.therebe句型的反意疑问句 陈述句中的谓语动词是therebe，后边的疑问部分也用therebe形式，如：  Thereisanappleonthetable，isn’tthere？  桌子上有只苹果，是吗？  There’resometreesontheisland，aren’tthere？小岛上有一些树，是吗？ 5. Let’s和letus的反意疑问句let’s开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用shallwe；letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou，如：  Let’sgothere,shallwe？我们去那里，好吗？  Letusgothere，willyou？  小升初专项练习—选择疑问句和反意疑问句一、考考你：请根据图画的提示填空。1.-Istherulershortor______?shop-It’s_______.2.-Isyourhouseneartheschoolor________?-It’snearthe_________.3.-Cansheskatewellor_______?-Shecanskate________.4.–Doyougotoschoolbybikeor________?-Igotoschoolby________.5.–Wouldyoulikeapplesor_______?-I’dlike_________.二、情景反应：请根据不同的情景写句子。你想知道Ben和Mike今天谁没到学校。该问：Who________________________________________________?售货员让顾客在白色和黑色的物品中选一选该说：Which_________________________________________________? MissLee问Jim在教室还是在操场。怎么问呢？Is__________________________________________________?你问Amy现在是在画画还是在读书。该问：Is__________________________________________________?你想问今天是星期一还是星期二。怎么问呢？Is__________________________________________________?三、请把下列中文翻译成英语。你在几年级，三年级还是四年级？__________________________________________________?你的玩具车是新的还是旧的？__________________________________________________?你的父母现在在超市还是在家？__________________________________________________?你说中文还是说英语？__________________________________________________?你想喝些什么，可乐还是牛奶？__________________________________________________?四．单项选择题（）1.Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident___________?A.doesn’theB.didn’theC.didheD.doeshe（）2.Let’ssearchtheInternetforsomeinformationaboutfamouspeople,______?A.willyouB.won’tyouC.shallwe（）3．Eric’sneverseenathree-Dmovieatthecinema，_______?A．hasn’theB．hasheC．isn’theD．ishe（）4.---Hedidn’tgotothelecturethismorning,didhe?----______.Thoughhewasnotfeelingverywell.A.No,hedidn’t.B.Yes,hedid.C.No,hedid.D.Yes,hedidn’t.（）5.—He’salreadybacktoAustralia,_________?—_________.HeisonavisittoShanghai.A.isn’the;NoB.hasn’the;YesC.isn’the;YesD.hasn’the;No（）6.—Shedoesn’tlikegeography，doesshe?—   ___________ .A.Yes，shedoes          B.Yes，shedoesn’t          C.No，shedoes     （）7.He’sflowntoHainanforaholiday,_______he?A.isn’tB.hasn’tC.wasn’t（）8.----Let’sgoskating,_______?----OK.Let’sgo.A.doyouB.don’tyouC.willyouD.shallwe（）9.---Thereislittlemilkinthemilkbag,________there?---OK.I’llgetyouanewbag.A.isB.isn’tC.aren’tD.are （）10.Bob,youwatchedthefashionshowlastnight,________?A.weren’tyouB.didn’tyouC.haven’tyouD.won’tyou（）11.Thereisnoimportantinformationinthenewspaper,_______?A.isn’tthereB.isitC.isthere（）12.LilylookslikeLucy,_______?A.isLilyB.isn"tsheC.doesLillyD.doesn"tshe（）13.Therearetwolibrariesinthiscity,_______?A.aren’tthereB.aren’ttheyC.aretwo（）14.Mom,mygrandfathergoesforawalkaftersuppereveryday,_______?A.doesheB.isheC.doesn’theD.isn’the（）15.LiuQianhasmade“magic”ahotword,_______he?A.doesn’tB.didn’tC.hasn’tD.isn’t（）16.---Youaren’taprofessionalathlete,areyou?---______.Iamjustafootballfan.A.Yes,IamB.No,I’mnotC.OfcourseD.Sometimes（）17.---MillionsofpeopleknowaboutSusanBoylenow,_______?----_______,shebecomeswell-knownbecauseofhersuccessonBritain’sGotTalent.A.dothey;NoB.dothey;YesC.don’tthey;NoD.don’tthey;Yes（）18.He’sfedthedogandthecat,_______?A.doesn’theB.isn’theC.wasn’theD.hasn’the（）19.John,cleanyourroom,_______?A.willyouB.shallweC.don’tyouD.doesn’the（）20.Idon’tthinkshehasgonetoBeijing,_______?A.hassheB.hasn’tsheC.doID.don’tI我的收获：Unit17句型（三）祈使句和感叹句一：祈使句： 祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。 1．第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：Standup!站起来！Don’tworryabout!不要担忧/忧虑！2．第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如：Let’sgo!让我们走！Letusgohome!让我们回家！Lethimbehereby10o’clock．让他10点到这儿。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help!救命！Patience!耐心点！Quickly!快点！Handsup!举起手来！二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：Dobecareful!DoStoptalking!Dogivemyregardstoyourparents!务必／一定代我向你父母问好!祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never。如：Don’tyoubenervous!你不要紧张!以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Letus／me后加not。如：Let’snotwasteourtimearguingaboutit!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!Let’snotsayanythingaboutit!这事咱们谁也别说!三、祈使句的反意疑问句1．祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：Passmethebook，willyou?2．Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shallwe?”。如： Let’sgoforawalk，shallwe?Let’sforgetit，shallwe?3．Letme和Letus表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“willyou?”。如：Letusgoforawalk，willyou?四．感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：1.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+陈述语序。2.How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。3.What+a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。4.What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。5.What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。Howcleveraboyheis!Howlovelythebabyis!Whatnoisetheyaremaking!Whatacleverboyheis!Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!Whatcoldweatheritis!感叹句的省略形式为：Whatacleverboy(heis)!小升初专项练习—祈使句和感叹句I.选择题。1.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.(1998黑龙江)A.notbesonoisyB.BequiteC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking2.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.(河北)A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget3.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,____?(1990北京西城区)A.won’tweB.willyouC.don’tweD.shallwe 4.Don’tsmokeinthemeeting-room,____?(1999天津)A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou5.–Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.-I____.A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.haven’t6.____downtheradio.Thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.Lucy,____thedoororsomeone’llcomein.(1996河南)A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing8.____andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.(哈尔滨)A.Let’snottogoB.Let’snotgoC.Let’sdon’tgoD.Notlet’sgo9.Asignwiththewords“____”isoftenfoundinabus.(安徽)A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking10.____ChineseinyouEnglishclass.(2000西安)A.NotspeakB.Don’tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don’tspeakingII.将下列句子变成祈使句：1.Wouldyouliketowaitamoment?→__________amoment.2.CanIuseyourbike?→Please__________yourbike.3.You’dbetternotsmokehere.→__________here.4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourhandwriting.__________withyourhandwriting.5.Willyoupleasenotplaywithmypencil?→________withmypencil,____.III.将下列句子变成感叹句：1.Itisquiteanicepresent.→__________nicepresent!2.Wehavefineweathertoday.→__________weatherwehavetoday!3.It’ssunnytoday.→__________sunnydayitistoday!4.Thechildrenareworkinghard.→__________thechildrenareworking!5.Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.→__________sheplayedbasketball!6.Heisgoodatsinging.→__________hesings!7.Hewasdoingwellindancing.→_____a_____dancerhewas! 8.Tomcoughsbadly.→_______________coughTomhas!9.Thefishisverylovely.→__________thefishis!10.Theyliveahappylifetoday.→_______________lifetheylive!IV.选择题1.____anicewatchitis!(1998山东)A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa2.____brightgirlstheyare!(1998浙江)A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.howa3.____interestingthefilmis!(1998湖北)A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Whata4.____sunnyday!Let’sgooutforawalk.(1999江西)A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What5.____hardworkitis!(1999浙江)A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan6.____dayitis!It’srainyagain.(1999江西)A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine7.____greatdayJuly1,1997willbe!(1999上海)A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What8.____expensivetrousers!(1999浙江)A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan9.____girlsheis!(1998河北)A.WhatbrightaB.HowabrightC.HowbrightaD.Whatbright10.____weatherwehavetoday!(1983上海)A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine11.____carelessheis!(1986吉林)A.WhatB.HowC.SomuchD.Howmuch12.____fromBeijingtoLondon!(1993黑龙江)A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis 13.Oh,John,____yougaveus!(1990内蒙古)A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise14.____usefulworktheyhavedone!(2000上海)A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan15.____nicepictureyougaveme!(2000杭州)A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan我的收获：Unit18句型（四）Therebe句型一：therebe句型基本认识1、定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：①Thereisabirdinthetree.  树上有一只鸟。 ②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。二：therebe句型的常考点考点一：各种句型转化。 1：变成否定Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。例如：Therearesomepicturesonthewall.→Therearen"tanypicturesonthewall.=Therearenopicturesonthewall.Thereisabikebehindthetree.→Thereisn"tabikebehindthetree.=Thereisnobikebehindthetree.2：变成一般疑问句Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。ThereissomewateronMars.→IsthereanywateronMars?Therearesomefishinthewater.→Arethereanyfishinthewater?3：特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：Therearemanythingsoverthere.→What"soverthere?Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?对地点状语提问：则用where引导。如：Thereisacomputeronthedesk.→Whereisthecomputer?Therearefourchildrenontheplayground.→Wherearethefourchildren?对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？考点二：therebe句型的时态。be可以有现在时（thereis/are）、过去时(therewas/were)、将来时(thereis/aregoingtobe或therewillbe)和完成时(therehave/hasbeen)；还可用theremustbe,therecan’tbe,thereusedtobe等。如：---There______aconcertthisevening.          ---Yeah.Excitingnews!       A.aregoingtobe   B.isgoingtobe   C.isgoingtohave   D.willhave考点三：therebe句型反意疑问句的构成：be(not)there?如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle,____?                  A．isn"tthere    B．aren"tthere   C．isn"tit   D．arethere考点四：therebe句型的主谓一致：Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则5.There____anappleandtenbananasinthebasket.Youcantakeanyofthem.   如：1.There___anyriceinthebowl.                          A.are     B.is     C.isn’t    D.aren’t2.There___manyapplesonthetreelastyear.     A.havebeen   B.were     C.are     D.is  注意事项：therebe句型与have句型的区别(1)Therebe句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：Therebe表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如：Hehastwosons.  他有两个儿子。Therearetwomenintheoffice.   办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，Therebe句型与其可互换。如：Aweekhassevendays.=Therearesevendaysinaweek. 一个星期有七天。小升初专项练习—therebe句型一、用“have,has”或“thereis,thereare” 填空1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother. 2.____________atelescopeonthedesk. 3.He_________atape-recorder. 4._____________abasketballintheplayground. 5.She__________somedresses. 6.They___________anicegarden. 7.Whatdoyou___________? 8.______________areading-roominthebuilding? 9.WhatdoesMike___________? 10.______________anybooksinthebookcase? 11.Myfather_________astory-book. 12._______________astory-bookonthetable. 13._______________anyflowersinthevase? 14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom? 15.Myparents___________somenicepictures. 16._____________somemapsonthewall. 17.______________amapoftheworldonthewall. 18.David__________atelescope.19.David’sfriends___________sometents. 20.______________manychildrenonthehill.21.________anypencilsinyourpencil-box？22.________you_____________anypencilsinyourpencil-box？23.Lucy___________atwinsister，Lily.24._________aTVinourclassroomlastterm.25.Howmanyhours___________inaday？ 26.-Howmanylegs______atable________？-It_______four.27.-What’sinyourbedroom？　-__________________abed，adeskandsomechairs.28.Myparents_____twochildrenand________fourpeopleinmyfamily.29.I_________anicepuppet.30.He_________agoodfriend.31.They__________somemasks.32.We___________someflowers.33.She___________aduck.34.Myfather____________anewbike.35.Hermother___________avase.36.Ourteacher_________anEnglishbook.37.Ourteachers___________abasketball.38.Theirparents___________someblankets39.Nancy_________manyskirts.40.David__________somejackets.41.Myfriends__________afootball.二、用恰当的be动词填空1.There_____alotofsweetsinthebox.2.There_____somemilkintheglass.3.There_____apictureandamaponthewall.4.There_____lotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.5.There_____fourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.三、单项选择1.There___anyriceinthebowl.A.areB.isC.isn‘tD.aren’t2.There___manyapplesonthetreelastyear.A.havebeenB.wereC.areD.Is3.Howmany___arethereintheroom?A.appleB.studentsC.milkD.Paper4.Doyouknowif___ameetingnextSunday?A.therewasgoingtohaveB.therewasgoingtobeC.istheregoingtobeD.therewillbe5.Thereissomemilkinthebottle，____？A．isn‘tthereB．aren’tthereC．isn‘titD．arethere6.There____alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.A.isB.areC.wasD.Were7.There____pencil-box，twobooksandsomeflowersonthedesk.A.isaB.aresomeC.hasaD.havesome8.Thereislittlewaterintheglass，____？ A.isn‘tthereB.isn’titC.isitD.isthere9.-Thereisnoairorwateronthemoon.Isthere？-____.A.Yes，thereareB.No，thereisn‘tC.Yes，thereisn’tD.No，thereis10.-Whatdidyouseeinthebasketthen？　　-There____abottleoforangeandsomeoranges.A.isB.areC.wasD.Were11.____isthereonthetable？A.HowmanyapplesB.HowmuchbreadC.HowmuchbreadsD.Howmanyfood12.Thereisn‘t____paperinthebox..Willyougoandgetsomeforme？A.anyB.someC.aD.an13.There____somethingwrongwithourclassroom.A.areB.hasC.isD.Have14.Thereissome____onthetable.A.appleB.orangeC.cakeD.sandwich15.Thereare_____pencilsinmypencilbox.A.aB.anC.some16.Thereis______rockingchairinmybedroom.A.aB.anC.five17.Thereare_____newbooksforyou.A.aB.anC.two18.Thereis_______ruleronthedesk.19.aB.anC.some20.Thereis________caponthedesk.A.OneB.anC.three21.Thereare______pencilboxesinthebookbag.A.aB.anC.two四、把下例句子改成疑问句1.Therearefourapplesontheground.2.Therearefivebirdssinginginthetree.3.Thereisanarmchairinthelivingroom.4.There’sasofainthelivingroom.5.There’sarubberduckinthebathmat.五、把下例句子改成否定句1.Therearetwobowlsonthetable.2.Therearesomebeautifulflowersinthegarden. 2.Thereisatreeinthegarden.4.Thereisanappletreeinthegarden.我的收获：近义词近义词是指意义相同或相近的词，有时一个词与一个词组或一个词组与另一个词组同义。ago→beforealso→tooarrive(at)→getto→reacharound→roundatlast→intheendbeat→bitbegin→startbelow→underbig→great→largeblack→darkboat→shipborrow→lendcity→towncold→coolcup→glassdad→fatherdesk→tabledifficult→harddoor→gatedress→wear→putoneach→everyeasy→simpleenjoy→likefast→quickfind→lookforglad→happy→pleasedgood→wellhaveto→musthear→listenhi→hellohigh→tallhill→mountainhome→familyhot→warmin→intolaugh→smilelearn→studylittle→smalllook→see→watchlookafter→takecareofmany→alotofmaybe→perhapsmuch→veryno→notnobody→nonephoto→picturepupil→studentreal→trueroad→steetdrop→fallkind→friendlysock→stockinghealthy→welltill→untildear→expensiveunderstand→knowcry→shoutwhen→whilealone→lonelybecause→forclothes→dressearth→ground→landpardon→excuseplant→growhope→wishl反义词反义词是指意义相反的词，有时一个词与一个词组或一个词组与另一个词组意义相反。above→underafter→beforebad→goodanswer→aksarrive→leaveaunt→uncleback→frontalways→neverbehind→infrontofbegin→endbetter→worsebest→worstbig→smallblack→whiteborrow→lendboy→girlleft→rightlittle→muchlong→shortman→womannew→oldon→yesnoisy→quietnorth→southnorthern→southernold→youngover→underpoor→richpull→pushputon→takeoffreceive→sendright→wrongshort→tallsitdown→standupstrong→weakthat→thisthese→thosethick→thinturnon→turnoffbring →takebrother→sisterbusy→freebuy→sellcheap→dearclean→dirtyclose→opencold→hotcome→gocry→laughdad→mumdangerous→safedaughter→sonday→nightdifferent→samedifficult→easydown→updownstairs→upstairsdry→wetearly→lateeast→westempty→fullentrance→exitfar→nearfast→slowfather→motherfew→manyfind→losefirst→lastforget→rememberfront→backfull→hungrygeton→getoffgive→takehappy→sadhard→softhate→lovehealthy→illheavy→lighthere→therehigh→lowin→outinside→outsideleast→mostatfirst→atlastbadly→wellboth→neitherlike→unlikehappy→unhappymerry→sadnarrow→widedark→lightpart→wholeuntrue→trueusual→unusualcloudy→finedie→beborneither→neithereither..or..→neither..nor..l同音词同音词是指读音相同但拼写和词义不同的词。be→beefor→fourour→hourno→knowmeet→meatknew→newright→writeson→sunwear→whereby→buyhere→hearmay→Maymiss→Misspair→pearsee→seawhole→holeI→eyeto-too-two亲爱的同学们：在这一期的语法学习中你一定收获不小吧？老师相信你们一定不再是刚刚学习语法时面对试题的苦恼的样子了，你一定是可以从容的面对你面前的试卷了吧。不过，同学们，可不要骄傲，金钥匙（一）这本讲义还只是小升初冲刺的第一阶段，鼓起勇气来期待着下期的金钥匙（二）吧，在题海中感受冲刺的快乐。相信你一定行！