【51Talk-英文介绍中国非遗文化】中国非物质文化遗产：剪纸.docx 6页

中国非物质文化遗产：剪纸PapercuttingisoneofChina’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.剪纸是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。Thiscustomhasalonghistorywhichnotonlybringsfestivitytotheholiday,butisalsoasymbolforpeopletoexpresstheirwishesforwelcomingthenewyear,blessings,andfortunes. 这个习俗历史悠久，美丽的窗花不仅能妆点节日的气氛，还寄托了人们辞旧迎新，接福纳祥的美好愿望。Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity.Chinesepapercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends.剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Traditionalpapercuttingisalsocalled“Windowblossoms”becausetheywerefirstputonwindowsfordecoration.Otherformsofpapercuttingarederivedfromthe“windowblossoms”.传统的剪纸也叫做“窗花”，因为它最初就是贴在窗户上作为装饰用的。其他的剪纸形式都是在窗花的基础上发展演变而来。TherearedifferentstylesofpapercuttingindifferentpartsofChina.Generallyspeaking,farmingwomenfromNorthChinapayspecialattentiontoconcept,sothedesignflowswiththeirthoughts.PapercuttinginSouthChinaiswellknownfor itsexquisite,elegant,realisticstyle.Therefore,northernandsouthernpapercuttingcanbedistinguishedasfreeandrugged,orelegantandexquisite,respectively.ThisreflectsthedifferenceindispositionandpersonalitybetweenthenorthernandsouthernpartsofChina.中国各地的剪纸风格各异。一般来说，北方广大农村劳动妇女注重剪纸所表达的观念，想到哪儿剪到哪儿。而南方剪纸玲珑剔透严整优雅，以写实风格著称。于是形成了北方剪纸粗犷随意，南方水乡剪纸精致明快的“北犷南秀”的鲜明特色。反映了北方大陆与南方水乡劳动群众的性格气质。PapercuttinginYucounty,Hebeiprovincerepresentsnorthernstylewithitsbrightcolors.Thepaperwascarvedusingacarvingknifeinsteadofusingscissors.Inthewindows,thebrightcolorscombinedwithlighttoformlovelypatternsandshadows.河北蔚县的剪纸是北方彩色剪纸的代表。这里的剪纸不是用剪刀剪出来的，而是用各种不同的刻刀。这种剪纸色泽明艳贴在窗子上光影效果极佳。 Atfirst,acarvingmoldshouldbedesigned,andthenthelinesofthepatternwillbedrawn.Afterthat,themoldisputonastackofpaperanddifferentkindsofknivesareusedtocarvealongthelines.Thelaststepistocolorthepaper.Dyesaremixedwithliquorandarebrushedontowhitepaper.Thisprocedureiscalled“smokingsample”.Thewettedcarvedmoldisputonwhitepaperandsmokedwithacandle.Beforethecopyingmachinewasinvented,thepapercutartistscopiedtheircarvingmoldusingthistechnique.首先要“设计”一个用作雕刻的模版，用笔仔细勾画出图案的线条。然后把模版放在一叠纸的上面，再用各种不同的刻刀，沿着线条把图案刻出来。最后一步是“染色”。用白酒调配好颜料，再用毛笔均匀地涂在刻好的白纸上。这个步骤叫“熏样”。把剪好的模版用水蘸湿贴在白纸上，再用蜡烛的烟熏黑。在复印机还没有发明出来时，剪纸艺人们就用这种方式来复制他们的模版。Thefamous“Nine-dragonPapercut”，theninedragonsarenotonlyvivid,butalsoeachofthefinelinesisconnected.著名的“九龙剪纸”，不仅九条神龙活灵活现，而且每一处线条都是连接在一起的。 SouthernpapercuttingmainlyincludesGuangdongFoshanpaper-cutting,Wuhanfolkpaper-cuttingandFujianfolkpapercutting.南方剪纸主要有广东佛山剪纸，武汉民间剪纸以及福建民间剪纸。ThemostdistinctivestyleshouldbePutiangiftflowers.Congratulatebirthdayandcelebrateslongevity，worshipsgodsandghosts,andworshipsancestors.Whetheritisagiftoranoffering,abrightredpapercuttingflowermustbeattached.Evenpig"shead,pig"sfeet,pig"sbellyandchicken"spawarethesame.最有特色的样式应称莆田的礼品花。贺生贺喜贺寿，祭神祭鬼祭祖，不管是馈赠还是摆供，都要赋上一枚鲜红的剪纸花。就连猪头、猪脚、猪肚儿、鸡爪，也都如此。Today,papercuttinghavewalkedoutfromthedomesticdecorationtomoderninteriordesign.Theartformisreflectedontrademarks,advertisement,interiordecoration,fashiondesign,bookbinding,stampdesignandcartoonbooks.The themeisnotlimitedtotraditionalChineselife,butencompassesdifferentculturalartifacts.如今的剪纸，早已走出了中国人家的小院，走入了现代设计的广阔天地。在产品包装设计、商标广告、室内装潢、服装设计、书籍装帧、邮票设计、连环画等处都有它的影子。主题也不再局限于中国人的传统生活，而开始表现各种不同的文化内容。