英语阅读理解(人物故事)专项习题及答案解析及解析.docx 16页

英语阅读理解(人物故事)专项习题及答案解析及解析一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类1．阅读理解WhenIwas12yearsold,Ialreadyknewthatmyteenyearsweregoingtobetheworstyearsofmylife.Iwasatotaloutsider,bullied(欺凌)atschool.Ifeltcompletelyaloneinmysmalltown.ButbystartingtodovolunteerworkwhenIwas14,Iturnedmyproblemintoapassionforhelpingothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessmademefeellikemylifehadagreaterpurpose.ThemorepositiveenergyIshared,themorekindnessandappreciationIreceived.Irealizedthatmypurposeinlifewouldbetoreachouttopeople,specificallyteenagers,andhelpthemfeellessalone.Booksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwassothankfulthattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.OneofmybiggestdreamswastobecomeanauthorsoIcouldwritebooksthatwouldhelpotherteenagersthewaythosebookshelpedme.Aftersurvivingterribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,iswhatIamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.KindnesssavedmewhenIneededhelpthemost.Evensmallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone"slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Butbypracticingdailykindness,youbecomeanarchitectofpositivechange.（1）Whatwastheauthor"slifelikewhenhewas12?A.Boring.B.Peaceful.C.Unhappy.D.Meaningful.（2）Howdidthevolunteerworkbenefittheauthor?（3）Whydidtheauthorchoosewritingashisjob?A.Hewasinspiredbyhisteacher.B.Hecouldpasspositiveenergytoreaders.C.Hewantedtosharehisschoolexperiences.D.Hefoundhehadatalentforwriting.（4）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdointhelastparagraph?A.Say"no"tobulliesbravely.B.Makepositivechangesintheirlives.C.Treatotherswithkindnessindailylife. D.Learntocaremoreaboutothers"feelings.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己参加志愿活动的经历，告诉人们：一次小善举也可能改变一个人的一生。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“WhenIwas12yearsold,Ialreadyknewthatmyteenyearsweregoingtobetheworstyearsofmylife.可知，十二岁时，”“我”就意识到青少年时期是“我”一生中最糟糕的阶段；以及“Iwasatotaloutsider,bulliedatschool，“我”觉”得自己是局外人，说明此时的生活是不如意的。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ButbystartingtodovolunteerworkwhenIwas14,Iturnedmyproblemintoapassionforhelpingothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessinthefaceofsomuchangermademefeellikemylifehadagreaterpurpose.可知，但是在我14岁”的时候开始做志愿者工作，我把我的问题变成了帮助别人的热情。面对如此多的愤怒，我有机会实践仁慈，这让我觉得我的生活有一个更大的目标。因此推断参加志愿活动给“我”提供了表达善意的机会，让“我”感觉到生活有更大的意义。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.OneofmybiggestdreamswastobecomeanauthorsoIcouldwritebooksthatwouldhelpotherteenagersthewaythosebookshelpedme.可知，书中作”者的善意拯救了“我”的生活，“我”最大的梦想就是成为一名作家，可以写书去帮助其他的青少年，把善意传递给他们。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Evensmallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone"slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Butbypracticingdailykindness,you可知，作者在”提醒我们注意善意的力量，一次小善举becomeanarchitectofpositivechange.也可能改变一个人的一生，平时以善意待人，会让人们成为积极改变的缔造者。故选【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。C。2．阅读理解HalfaDayIwalkedalongsidemyfather,holdinghisrighthand.Allmyclotheswerenew:theblackshoes,thegreenschooluniform,andtheredcap.Theydidnotmakemehappy,however,asthiswasthedayIwastobethrownintoschoolforthefirsttime."Whyschool?"Iaskedmyfather."WhathaveIdone?""I"mnotpunishingyou,"hesaid,laughing."School"snotapunishment.It"saplacethatmakesusefulmenoutofboys.Don"tyouwanttobeusefullikeyourbrothers?"Iwasnotconvinced.Ididnotbelievetherewasreallyanygoodtobehadintearingmeawayfrommyhomeandthrowingmeintothehuge,high-walledbuilding.Whenwearrivedatthegatewecouldseethecourtyard,vastandfullofboysandgirls."Goin byyou,"saidmyfather,"andjointhem.Putasmileonyourfaceandbeagoodexampletoothers."Ihesitatedandsqueezedhishandfirmly,buthegentlypushedmefromhim."Beaman",hesaid."Todayyoutrulybeginlife.Youwillfindmewaitingforyouwhenit"stimetoleave."Itookafewsteps.Thenthefacesoftheboysandgirlscameintoview.Ididnotknowasingleoneofthem,andnoneofthemknewme.IfeltIwasastrangerwhohadlosthisway.Butthensomeboysbegantoglanceatmeincuriosity,andoneofthemcameoverandasked,"Whobroughtyou?""Myfather,"Iwhispered."Myfather"sdead,"hesaidsimply.Ididnotknowwhattosay.Thegatewasnowclosed.Someofthechildrenburstintotears.Thebellrang.Aladycamealongandsaid,"Thisisyournewhome.Therearemothersandfathershere,too.Everythingthatisenjoyableandbeneficialishere.Sodryyourtearsandfacelifejoyfully."Well,itseemedthatmymisgivingshadhadnobasis.FromthefirstmomentsImademanyfriends.Ihadneverimaginedschoolwouldhavethisrichvarietyofexperiences.（1）Onthewaytoschool,theboyfelt.A.happyB.embarrassedC.upset（2）Aboutschooling,Fathersuggested.A.wearingasmileB.tearinghimselfawayfromgamesC.waitingforparentsD.throwinghimselftostudyingD.excited（3）helpedhimmostonthefirstdayatschool.A.TeachersandclassmatesB.CourtyardsandbuildingsC.FatherandbrotherD.Newuniformsandshoes（4）Whatwouldprobablyhappennext?A.Theschoollifewouldturnouttobeafailure.B.Boysintheschoolwouldwatchhimcuriously.C.Hewouldopenupanewjourneyofcolorfullife.D.Hisparentswouldaccompanyhimattheschool.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者第一天去学校的时候并不开心，但是等他到了学校之后，他结交了很多朋友，开始了新的生活。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Theydidnotmakemehappy,however,asthiswasthedayIwastobethrownintoschoolforthefirsttime.可知穿新衣”服并没有让作者开心，因为他要第一次被扔进学校了；再根据第四段中的“Ididnotbelievetherewasreallyanygoodtobehadintearingmeawayfrommyhomeandthrowingmeintothehuge,high-walledbuilding.可”知作者不相信将他从家中撕裂并被扔进这座巨大的高墙建筑（也就是学校）中真的有什么好处。综合可知作者认为去学校不好，去学校的路上是不开心的，沮丧的，故选C。 （2）考理解。根据第五段中的"Goinbyyou,"saidmyfather,"andjointhem.Putasmileonyourfaceandbeagoodexampletoothers."可知作者的父他："去吧，加入他的行列。面微笑，成他人的好榜。"也就是作者的父他面微笑，故A。（3）考推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Aladycamealongandsaid,"Thisisyournewhome.⋯andfacelifejoyfully.；以及最后一”段中的"Well,itseemedthatmymisgivingshadhadnobasis.FromthefirstmomentsImademanyfriends.可知老来“作者他了一番，作者听了番之后得之前自己的是毫无根据的，打消了。他一开始就交到了很多朋友。明老帮助作者在学校的第一天得很好，他的同学也和他成了朋友。故A。（4）考推理判断。根据最后一段中的”FromthefirstmomentsImademanyfriends.Ihadneverimaginedschoolwouldhavethisrichvarietyofexperiences.可知从一开始我就交“了很多朋友。我从未想象学校会有如此丰富的。由此推断之后作者会在学校开始新的生活，会有丰富的，故C。【点】本考点涉及理解和推理判断两个型的考，是一篇故事，考生需要准确掌握信息，并根据上下文行推理，从而出正确答案。3．理解"Makeway,goodpeople,makeway,intheKing"sname!"criedhe."Openatext;and,Ipromiseyou,MistressPrynneshallbesetwhereman,woman,andchild,mayhaveafairsightofherbraveclothing,fromthistimetillanhourpastnoon.AblessingonthemoralColonyoftheMassachusetts,whereimmoralityisdraggedoutintothesunshine!Comealong,MadamHester,andshowyourscarlet（色的；罪孽深重的）letterinthemarket-place!Alanewasatonceopenedthroughthecrowd.Ledbythebeadle（吏），andattendedbyanirregularprocessionofserious-lookingmenandunkind-lookingwomen,HesterPrynnesetforthtowardstheplaceappointedforherpunishment.Acrowdofeagerandcuriousschoolboys,understandinglittleofthematterinhand,exceptthatitgavethemahalf-holiday,ranbeforeherprogress,turningtheirheadscontinuallytostareintoherface,andatthewinkingbabyinherarms,andattheshamefulletteronherbreast.Itwasnogreatdistance,inthosedays,fromtheprison-doortothemarket-place.Measuredbytheprisoner"sexperience,however,itmightbeconsideredtobearatherlongjourney;for,thoughhermannerwasproud,sheperhapsunderwentanextremepainfromeveryfootstepofthosewhothrongedtoseeher,asifherhearthadbeenthrownintothestreetforthemalltostepupon.Inournature,however,thereisaconditionthatthesufferershouldneverknowtheintensityofwhatheenduresbyitspresentsuffering,butchieflybythepainthatrankles（使痛心）afterit.Withalmostacalmmanner,therefore,HesterPrynnepassedthroughthisportionofhersuffering,andcametoasortofscaffold（刑台），atthewesternendofthemarket-place.ItstoodnearlybeneaththeeavesofBoston"searliestchurch,andappearedtobeafixturethere.（1）Whatcanweknowabouttheschoolboys?A.Theyknewalittleofthematter.B.Theywerefullofcuriosityandeagerness. C.Theywerehappyforhavingaone-dayholiday.D.TheylikeHesterPrynneandherbabyverymuch.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thronged"inparagraph3mean?A.Gathered.B.Happened.C.Pretended.D.Regretted.（3）Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?（4）WhatwouldprobablyhappentoHesterPrynneaccordingtothetext?A.Shewouldbesetfree.B.Shewouldgiveapublicspeech.C.Shewouldputonaperformance.D.Shewouldreceiveseriouspunishment.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇叙文，摘自名著《字》，描述了HesterPrynne被当做异教徒押赴刑的情片段。（1）考理解。根据第二段中的“Acrowdofeagerandcuriousschoolboys,⋯ranbeforeherprogress,turningtheirheadscontinuallyto⋯.可”知，人充了好奇并且急不可待。故选B。（2）考猜。根据最后一段中的“thoughhermannerwasproud,sheperhapsunderwentanextremepainfromeveryfootstepofthosewhothrongedtoseeher,asifherhearthadbeenthrownintothestreetforthemalltostepupon.描述了她在众目睽睽之下的内心感受，每出一步都感受到一巨痛，似乎她的心抛在街上，任凭他”人吐唾沫和踏。因此可知此，人群在大街上聚集，故A。（3）考推理判断。根据第三段中的“Inournature,however,thereisaconditionthatthesufferershouldneverknowtheintensityofwhatheenduresbyitspresentsuffering,butchieflybythepainthatrankles(使痛心)afterit.可知，”人痛苦的感知往往后知后，故D。（4）考推理判断。根据最后一段中的“therefore,HesterPrynnepassedthroughthisportionofhersuffering,andcametoasortofscaffold（刑台），atthewesternendofthemarket-place”因此，海特·白度了一段痛苦，来到市西端的一个刑台前，可推知D。【点】本考点涉及理解，猜和推理判断三个型的考，是一篇故事，考生需要准确捕捉信息，同根据上下文的关系，行分析，推理，从而出正确答案。4．理解Itcanbearealstruggletryingtolearnanewlanguage.Ihadalwaysenjoyedlearninglanguagesinschool,butonlyrecentlydidIstartlearningGerman.IfoundthatIcouldunderstandandlearn individualwordseasily,butwhenitcametoliterature,Ireallystruggled.Thatwaswhenmytutoratuniversitysuggestedreadingsomechildren"sbooksprintedinthetargetlanguage.Atfirst,Ifeltabitsillygoingonahuntforabookdesignedforsomeonehalfmyage,loutthenIrealisedthateveryonehastostartsomewhere.Aschildren,wearegiventhesebasictextstofamiliariseourbrainswithcertainvocabularyandwritingstructures,andfromthere,wecanlearnanddevelop.IstartedwithbookswhicharetaughttousaschildrenintheUK.ImanagedtofindOliverTwistbyCharlesDickensandJamesandtheGiantPeachbyRoaldDahl.Thebeautyofreadingbooksthatwereintroducedtoyouasachildisthatyouarealreadyfamiliarwiththeplot.Asaresult,youcanworkoutsomeofthedefinitionsofwordswithyourpriorknowledgeofthestory.Atfirst,Iusedtoreadwiththebookinonehandandadictionaryintheother,butthismethoddidnotworkwellforme.ThemethodIwouldrecommendistoreadachapterofyourchosenchildren"sbookandattheendofthatchapter,highlightthewordsyoudonotknowandthenlookupthedefinitions.Ifyoucanwaitabitbeforeyouuseadictionary,youmaybesurprisedwhatyoucangetmerelyfromthecontextofthesentenceinthestory.Additionally,alotofchildren"sbookshavepictureswhichmaygiveyouaclueastowhatortowhomthepassageisreferring.（1）Whywastheauthoradvisedtoreadchildren"sbooks?（2）Whatcankidsgetfromchildren"sbooksaccordingtothepassage?A.Vocabularyandlisteningskills.B.Learningmethods.C.Wordsandstructures.D.Designingskills.（3）Whatcausestheauthorfeelsurprisedwhilereadingchildren"sbooks?（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ReadingChildren"sBooksB.TheWayofLearningLanguagesC.TheMethodofUsingDictionaryD.MyGoodReadingHabits【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在学德语，因为看不懂文学作品，开始看德语儿童书籍，得到了意外的惊喜。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“IfoundthatIcouldunderstandandlearnindividualwordseasily,butwhenitcametoliterature,Ireallystruggled.Thatwaswhenmytutoratuniversitysuggestedreadingsomechildren"sbooksprintedinthetargetlanguage.可知作者只” 能理解单个的字词，理解不了文学作品，所以她的导师建议她看一些用目标语言写的儿童书。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Aschildren,wearegiventhesebasictextstofamiliariseourbrainswithcertainvocabularyandwritingstructures可知儿童在看儿童书时”可以熟知其中的词汇和写作结构，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ifyoucanwaitabitbeforeyouuseadictionary,youmaybesurprisedwhatyoucangetmerelyfromthecontextofthesentenceinthestory.可知作”者认为如果先不急着用字典，你会为你从语境里得到的东西而惊讶。字典是用于查词的，这里作者想表达的就是先不用字典，从语境可以猜出词义，选D。（4）考查主旨大意。全文作者讲述了她读儿童书的经历以及读儿童书的好处，故选【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。A。5．阅读理解WhenIwasaverylittlechild,IrememberwatchingTVandseeingotherchildrensufferinotherpartsoftheworld.Iwouldtalktomyself,"whenIgrowup,whenIcanbecomerich,I"llsavekidsallovertheworld."Attheageof17,IbeganmycareerhereinAmerica,andby18,Istartedmyfirstcharityorganization.Iwentontoteamupwithotherorganizationsinthefollowingyears,andmet,helped,andevenlostsomeofthemostbeautifulsouls,fromsix-year-oldJasminaAnemawhopassedawayin2010fromleukemia(白血病)—herstoryinspiredthousandstovolunteerasdonors,to2012whenmygrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer,whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF).We"reallhuman.Andwealljustwantachance:achanceatlife,achanceineducation,achanceatafuture,really.AndatCLF,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone.Peoplemakeitseemtoohardtodocharitywork.Thetruthis,youdon"thavetoberichtohelpothers.Youdon"tneedtobefamous.Youdon"tevenhavetobecollege-educated.Butitstartswithyourneighbor,thepersonrightnexttoyou,thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass,thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood.Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson,oneorganization,onesituationthattouchesyourheart.Mygrandmotheralwaysusedtosay,"Ifyou"vegotadollar,there"splentytoshare."（1）Whatdidtheauthorwanttodoatayoungage?A.WatchTV.B.Growupquickly.C.Becomewealthy.D.Helpotherchildren.（2）WhichofthefollowingdirectlycausedtheauthortocreateanddeveloptheCLF?A.Asix-year-oldkid"srequest.B.Hergrandmother"sdeathofcancer.C.Manyvolunteers"inspirationforit.D.Otherorganizations"encouragement.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"one"inParagraph2referto?A.Achance.B.Alife.C.Atask.D.Anorganization. （4）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A.Dolittlethingstohelpthosearoundthem.B.Workveryhardtogetacollegeeducation.C.Challengetheirfriendstoofferhelp.D.Docharityworkwhenyouarerich.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者（蕾哈娜）年少时立志长大帮助遭受痛苦的孩子们。长大作者兑现诺言做慈善工作，并号召人们：做力所能及的事来帮助周围的人。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Iwouldsaytomyself,"WhenIgrowup,whenIcangetrich,Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld."可知，作者小时候想帮助其他孩子，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"...to20l2whenmygrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer,whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF)."可知，祖母的逝世是作者创办和发展CLF的直接动力。故选B。（3）考查代词指代。根据第二段中的"AndatCL.F,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone."可知，该组织的使命是影响尽可能多的生命，但是这需要从影响一个生命开始。由此可推断，one指代的是前面提到的manylives中的一个。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Butitstartswithyourneighbor..inyourneighborhood."和"Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan,Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson,oneorganization,onesituationthattouchesyourheart."可知，作者建议人们做力所能及的事来帮助周围的人。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Thelightfromthecampfirebrightenedthedarkness,butitcouldnotpreventthedampcoldofDennis"sSwamp(沼泽地)creepingintotheirbones.Itwasastrangeplace.MartinandTomwishedthattheyhadnotacceptedJack"sdare.Theylikedcamping,butnotnearthisswamp."So,"Martinaskedastheysatwatchingthehotcoals."Howdidthisplacegetitsname?""Areyousureyouwanttohearit?It"sascarystory,"warnedJack."Ofcourse!"criedoutTom."Iftherewereanythingtobescaredof,youwouldn"thavechosenthisplace!""Ok,butdon"tsayIdidn"twarnyou,"saidJack,andhebeganthistale."Waybackintime,amancalledDennistriedtostartafarmhere.Hebuiltthatcottageovertheretolivein.Inthosedays,thearealookedquitedifferent—itwascoveredwithtalltreesandtheswampwasacrystal-clearriver.Afterthreehardyears,Dennishadclearedseveralfieldsandplantedcrops.Hewassoproudofhissuccessthatherefusedtolistentoadvice.""Youareclearingtoomuchland,"warnedoneoldman."Thelandisalivingthing.Itwillhit backatyouifyouabuseit.""""Sillyfool,"saidDennistohimself."IfIclearmoreland,Icangrowmorecrops.I"llbecomewealthier.He"sjustjealous!"""Denniscontinuedtochopdowntrees.Smallanimalsthatreliedonthemforfoodandshelterweredestroyed.Hewassoeagertoexpandhisfarmthathedidnotnoticetheriverflowingslowlytowardshisdoor.Hedidnotnoticesaltseepingtothesurfaceoftheland.Hedidnotnoticeswampplantschokingallthenativeplants.""Whathappened?"Martinasked.Itwasgrowingcolder.Hetrembled,twistinghisbodyclosertothefire."Thelandhitback—justastheoldmanwarned,"Jackshrugged."Dennisdisappeared.Oldfolksaroundherebelievethatswampplantsmovedupfromtheriveranddraggedhimunderwater.Hisbodywasneverfound.""Whatastupidstory,"laughedTom."Plantscan"t⋯"Beforehehadfinishedspeaking,hescreamedandfainted(倒).Theothertwoboysjumpedupwithfright,staringatTom.Suddenly,theyburstoutlaughing.Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom"sface.ItwasawhilebeforeTomcouldappreciatethejoke.（1）Theunderlinedword"dare"inParagraph1isclosedinmeaningto________.A.courageB.assistanceC.instructionD.challenge（2）WhydidJacktellTomandMartinthestory?（3）WhydidDennisignorethewarningoftheoldman?（4）WhydidTomscreamandfaint?（5）WhatlessoncanwelearnfromthestoryofDennis?A.Graspall,loseall.B.Nosweat,nosweet.C.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.D.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D （4）B（5）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，在黑沉沉的夜晚，三个朋友马丁，汤姆和杰克来到了一片阴湿恐怖的沼泽地。篝火旁聊起了它名字的缘由。故事的主人公丹尼斯贪婪成性，乱砍乱伐。开垦地树没了，动物走了，变成了一块沼泽地。他受到大地的报应——被沼泽植物拖入水中而亡。听后，汤姆突然晕了！他脸上竟然爬满了常春藤。一个着实恐怖的笑话！（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Theylikedcamping,butnotnearthisswamp."可知，男孩子们并不愿在这块沼泽地附近野营，之所以现在在这里是受到了杰克的“挑战”。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二、三、四段他们的对话可知，杰克警告他们这个故事很吓人，但经不住他们的请求还是告诉他们了，故杰克讲这个故事并不是为了吓他们，而是为了满足他们的好奇心。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第八段中"IfIclearmoreland,Icangrowmorecrops.I"llbecomewealthier.He"sjustjealous！"可知，他想种更多的庄稼，变得更富，还以为别人嫉妒他。由此可知，他不听老人的劝告是因为他太贪婪，想种更多的庄稼。故选D。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom"sface."可知，他晕倒的原因是他被常春藤吓到了。故选B。（5）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，Dennis因为贪婪，结果失去了一切，故A项“贪多必失”最恰当，选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。FiftyyearsagoIhadayoungfamilyofthreeboys.MyhusbandJohnnyandIleftthemwithafriendwhilewemadeararetriptothecinemainLiverpool.Itwasdarkandpouringwithrainbutwiththeheadlightsshiningontheroadwesawsomethingaheadofus.JohnnypulledtoastopandIjumpedout,rantothegrassedgeandgrabbedasmall,wet,andfrightenedcreature.Iwrappeditsafelyinmywoollenhatandinsistedthatmyhusbandturnbackandheadforhome.Wethoughtitwasababyrabbitbecauseithadlongearsandwasgrayish-brownincolour.Oncehome,wefilledaboxwithtorn-upnewspaperandawarmtowel.WenamedournewanimalBobsyaswehadnoideaofitssex.Sadlythough,onthethirddaywithus,itcaughtitsbackfootinadoorandwequicklyrealiseditwasbroken.Werushedtothevet(兽医),whosaid,"It"sonlyarabbit,I"llputittosleep."Ourresponsewasaverydetermined,"Noway!"Wefoundanothervetandtoldthatshewasababyhare.Weweretoldweshouldcontinuetokeepherinherboxforaweekandherfootwouldheal.Afterherrecovery,Bobsylearnttousethekittylittertray.Shewouldcombherlongearswithherfrontpaws.Thelocalpaperheardaboutthisandcametoourhousetotakeherphotoandwriteastoryabouther.WehadherforsevenwonderfulyearsbeforewemovedtoNewZealand andwewillneverforgether.（1）WhydidJohnnystophiscarsuddenly?（2）Whathappenedtothelittleanimalonitsthirdday?A.Itsleptonadoor.B.Itwasstuckinadoor.C.Itsfootgotseriouslyinjured.D.Itfellofffromthetopofadoor.（3）Whichbestdescribesthefamily"sattitudetowardstherabbit?A.ConsiderateB.CruelC.HopelessD.Indifferent（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyintendedtodo?A.Totelltheimportanceofprotectingsmallanimals.B.Torememberunusualexperienceswithasmallrabbit.C.Topersuadepeopletogivegenerouslyandreceivethankfully.D.Tomaketherabbitwidelyknowntolocalpeoplebypaper.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇叙文，50年前作者一家人与一只被来的小兔子的故事，作者一家人永不会忘它。（1）考理解。根据第二段中的"Itwasdarkandpouringwithrainbutwiththeheadlightsshiningontheroad,wesawsomethingaheadofus.Johnnypulledtoastop可知，⋯"天很黑，下着雨，但前灯照亮了路，我看前面有什么西。翰尼把停了下来。所以翰尼突然停是因他注意到前面有西。故D。（2）考理解。根据第三段中的"Sadlythough,onthethirddaywithus,itcaughtitsbackfootinadoorandwequicklyrealiseditwasbroken."可知，不，不幸的是，在它与我相的第三天，它的后脚被住了，我很快意到它的脚受了。所以只小物与我相的第三天它的脚受了重。故C。（3）考推理判断。根据第二段中的"Iwrappeditsafelyinmywoollenhat⋯Oncehome,wefilledaboxwithtorn-upnewspaperandawarmtowel."可知，我把它安全地包裹在我的羊毛帽子里。一到家，我就用撕碎的和一条毛巾在了一个盒子里，它成兔子的。所以通关"wrappeditsafely,woollenhat,filled,torn-upnewspaper,awarmtowel."可以判断出，家人兔子非常的体。故A。（4）考推理判断。根据最后一段中的"WehadherforsevenwonderfulyearsbeforewemovedtoNewZealandandwewillneverforgether."可知，在我搬到新西之前，我和她相了七年，我永不会忘她。所以短文叙述了50年前作者一家人与一只被来的小 兔子的故事，作者一家人永远不会忘记她。故判断出这篇文章的主要目的是回忆与一只小兔子的不寻常经历。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Ifyoufeelsickoruncomfortable,youmightseekoutadoctor.Butwhattodoifyoudon"tquiteknowwhereyoufitintothisworldandyou"retiredofcarryingthatburdenalone?Iansweredstrangers"questionsonlifepuzzlesattheentrancetotheNewYorkCitysubwayat57thand8th.Agroupofstrangershadstoppedbybecausetheywerecarryingaroundsomedeep,meaningfulquestionsthathadlonggoneunanswered,like"whycan"tIbehappierinmylife?"AndthenIspottedher,whowouldbemytoughestquestioneroftheday.Shewasabout6yearsoldandheldhermother"shandasshecraned(伸长脖子)hernecktostareatus.Hermotherstopped,butthegirlhesitated."It"sOK,"Ioffered."Doyouhaveaquestion?"Thegirlsmiledathermother,thenletgoofherhandtowalkovertowardsus.Shelookedmedeadintheeyeandsaid:"HowdoIknowI"mreal?"SuddenlyIwasbackingraduateschool.ShouldItalkabouttheFrenchphilosopherReneDescartestoproveourexistence,withthephrase"Ithink,thereforeIam?"Or,mentionEnglishphilosopherG.E.Mooreandhisfamous"hereisonehand,hereistheother,"toprovetheexistenceoftheexternalworld?Butthentheanswercametome.Irememberedthatthemostimportantpartofphilosophywasfeedingoursenseofwonder."Closeyoureyes,"Isaid.Shedid."Well,didyoudisappear?"Shesmiledandshookherhead,thenopenedhereyes."Congratulations,you"rereal."Shegrinned(露齿而笑)broadlyandwalkedovertohermother,wholookedbackatusandsmiled.（1）Whydidtheauthorshowupattheentranceofthesubway?（2）Whatmadethelittlegirlstareattheauthor?A.CuriosityB.HorrorC.ExcitementD.Nervousness（3）Howdidthegirlfindtheanswer?（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Strictandsmart.B.Honestandbrave.C.Cleverandhelpful. D.Humorousandsociable.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在地铁入口回答陌生人所提问的生活方面的难题，一位小女孩问了一个很难回答的问题，最终作者想到了很好的答案，让小女孩满意而走。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Iansweredstrangers"questionsonlifepuzzlesattheentrancetotheNewYorkCitysubwayat57thand8th.可知，作者出现”在地铁入口是为了回答陌生人生活方面的难题，为他们提供建议。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Shewasabout6yearsoldandheldhermother"shandasshecraned(伸长脖子)hernecktostareatus.小女孩伸长”脖子盯着我们，可以推断出，小女孩因为好奇而盯着作者。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“‘Closeyoureyes,’Isaid.Shedid.disappear?’Shesmiledandshookherhead,thenopenedhereyes.‘Well,didyou‘Congratulations,you"rereal.可知，作者让小女孩闭上眼睛，然后再睁开眼睛，从而让女孩通过真实的体验找到问题的答案。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Butthentheanswercametome.Irememberedthatthemostimportantpartofphilosophywasfeedingoursenseofwonder.最终作者从哲学方面”找到答案，可推断出，作者很聪明；第二段中的“Iansweredstrangers"questionsonlifepuzzlesattheentrancetotheNewYorkCitysubwayat57thand8th.作”者在地铁入口回答陌生人所提问的生活方面的难题，可推断出，作者很乐意帮助别人。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断量个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。9．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。SallyDawlyisawomanfromAuburn,California.Overthelastthreeandahalfyears,theanti-litteringwomanhasspentmostofherfreetimepickingupcigarettebutts(烟头)fromthestreetsofherhomecity.Calledthe"ButtLady"byherlocalcommunity,DawlybeganhermissiontoridthestreetsofhercityofcigarettebuttsinOctober,2014.Thewomanlookedforcigarettebutts,pickedthemupandthrewtheminthetrash.Tokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet,andearlierthismonth,shehitahistoricmilestone—onemillioncigarettebutts."Igottiredofgoingonmywalksandseeingcigarettebuttseverywhere,"SallyDawlysaid."I"mjustshockedthatIhadtopickupsomany.I"veeverpickedup3,000buttsinoneday,"shesaid."Don"tthrowawayyourbutts;betteryet,stopsmoking."Withsomanycigarettebuttslitteringthestreets,canoneperson"seffortsreallymakeadifference?Surprisingly,theanswerseemstobeyes.SoonaftertheButtLadyofAuburnstarted hermissionandwordofhereffortsspread,cigarettecansstartedappearingaroundbarsandrestaurantsinthecity.Membersofthelocalcommunityevencameouttocheerheronassheapproachedherone-million-buttmilestone.Sallyknowshercity"scigarettebuttlitteringproblemwon"tbesolvedanytimesoon,butshehopesherworkwillinspirepeopletoatleastthinktwicebeforedroppingcigarettebuttsinthestreets.Shehasdecidedtocontinuecleaningupafterirresponsiblesmokers,andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts.WordoftheButtLady"seffortstokeepthestreetscigarettebutt-freehasreachedneighboringcommunitiesaswell,andCBSSacramentoreportsthatothercitieshavestartedseekingherhelpaswell.（1）WhydoesSallyDawlycarryaniPadwithherwhilepickingupthebutts?A.Toentertainthecrowds.B.Tomonitorthesmokers.C.Toattractpeoplesattention.D.Torecordthenumberofbutts.（2）HowdidSallyDawlyfeelwhenpickingupcigarettebutts?A.Excitedbutupset.B.Shockedandsorry.C.Frightenedbutcontent.D.Astonishedanddesperate.（3）Fromthetext.whatcanbeinferredaboutSallyDawly?（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.California"s"ButtLady".B.Fightingagainstsmoking.C.Californianshealthproblems.D.SmokingproblemsinCalifornia.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，众所周知，吸烟有害健康，有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士”，她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet（平板电脑）”可知为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量，theButtLady带了平板电脑。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知Sally很厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是“震惊和难过的”。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts她已经有”了一个新的里程碑——两百万烟头。可知选C（4）考查主旨大意。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个 烟头，并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。WhenRandyHeisswenthikingbehindhisPatagonia,Ariz.farm,thelastthingheexpectedtofindwasaChristmaslistfromalittlegirlacrosstheUS-Mexicoborder."IfoundthisballoononmymorningwalknearPatagoniaonSunday.AttachedtoitwasapieceofpaperwiththeChristmaswishesfromalittlegirl,"HeisswroteonhisFacebookpage.Whenhebroughtthelisthometohiswife,whospeaksfluentSpanish,theydeterminedthatthelittlegirlhadaskedforEnchantimalstoys,clothes,artsuppliesandvariousothergifts.That"swhenHeisssetouttomakethelittlegirl"sChristmasdreamscometrue.HeisssaidhehadattemptedtosendChristmasletterstoSantaClausviaballoonwhenhewasakidbutneverreceivedaresponse.HeisssentaFacebookmessageonWednesdaytoXENY,aradiostationinNogales,toseeifitcouldhelphimtrackdownthegirlorherfamily.Helaterreceivedaresponsefromthestation,whichhaddeterminedtheauthoroftheletterwasan8-year-oldgirlnamedDayami,andthestationwantedtosetupameetingbetweenthetwoonThursday."Itjustchangedmyentireday,"HeisstoldtheWashingtonPost."InsteadofgoingbacktomyofficeinBisbee,IwentwithmywifetoWalmart."ThecoupleboughtalmosteverythingonDayami"slist.TheyalsobroughtafewgiftsforDayami"slittlesister,Ximena.Theytoldthechildrentheywere"ayudantesdeSanta,"orSanta"shelpers.Heiss,60,saidtheexperiencewasveryhealingforhimandhiswife.Nineyearsago,thecouple"sonlysondied."BeingaroundchildrenatChristmastimehasbeenabsentinourlives,"Heisssaid.Wenowhavefriendsforlife.Foraday,thatborderfencewithitsconcertinawiremeltedaway.（1）HowdidDayamisendoutherChristmaswishes?A.BycallingHeiss.B.Byattachingthemtoaballoon.C.Bywritingtoaradiostation.D.BysendingaFacebookmessage.（2）WhendidHeissknowwhatthegirlexactlywanted?A.Afterthehelpofhiswife.B.Whenhefoundtheballoon.C.AftertheirmeetinginAmerica.D.Whenhegotaresponsefromtheradiostation.（3）WhatmightmakeHeissdecidetofulfillthelittlegirl"sChristmaswishes?A.Hisson"swill.B.Thegirlsrequestforhelp.C.Hissimilarunsuccessfulexperience.D.Hisdesiretomakefriendswiththegirl.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thecouplegotoutofthepaincompletely.B.Theexperiencewasagreatrelieftothecouple.C.ThecouplewouldhelpmorechildrenfromMexico. D.Therewillbenoborderbetweencountriesoneday.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了RandyHeiss在亚利桑那州巴塔哥尼亚徒步旅行时。在农场，他意外收到了来自美墨边境的一个小女孩的圣诞礼物清单。女孩通过气球来发送圣诞愿望。在妻子的帮助下，他们开始帮助女孩实现愿望。这次经历对这对九年前失去了唯一的儿子的夫妻也说也是很大的安慰。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“IfoundthisballoononmymorningwalknearPatagoniaonSunday.AttachedtoitwasapieceofpaperwiththeChristmaswishesfromalittlegirl.以”及下文可知小女孩就是Dayami，她是通过把愿望绑在气球上发送圣诞愿望的。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Whenhebroughtthelisthometohiswife,whospeaksfluentSpanish,theydeterminedthatthelittlegirlhadaskedforEnchantimalstoys,clothes,artsuppliesandvariousothergifts.可知”当他把单子带回家给能说一口流利西班牙语的妻子时，他们断定小女孩想要的是魔法师的玩具、衣服、美术用品和其他各种各样的礼物。即他是通过妻子的帮助知道女孩到底想要什么的。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“HeisssaidhehadattemptedtosendChristmasletterstoSantaClausviaballoonwhenhewasakidbutneverreceivedaresponse.可知当他还是个孩”子的时候，他曾试图通过气球给圣诞老人寄圣诞信，但从未收到任何回复。可知他有和女孩相似的但不成功的经历，因此他决定帮助女孩实现愿望。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Heiss,60,saidtheexperiencewasveryhealingforhimandhiswife.可知这段经历Heiss对”他和他的妻子来说是非常治愈的。因为他们九年前失去了唯一的儿子，因此这次经历对他们来说是一种很大的安慰。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。