湖南省衡阳县三中2015-2016学年高二英语语法_名词性从句复习 （共57张）..ppt 57页

名词性从句GrammarandusageNounClauses 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句 Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语表语{ {Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语同位语{ 1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主语从句 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.“It”isusedasemptysubject.形式主语 It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道……Itseems/appears/happensthat…似乎/好像/碰巧......It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……It’sapity/afact/commonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句 宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow宾语从句连词 当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.注意1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。表语从句 连接词when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词 同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whetherTheideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.同位语从句 1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina. 4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline._______________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.____________________________________________________________ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool. ______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主语从句宾语从句 3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表语从句同位语从句 Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位语从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句) DotheExerciseonpage9 分析下列宾语从句中的连词Idon’tdoubt(that)youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3个句子中的连词that,whether,if(是否)在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。注意:A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if仅可以用于宾语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词连接词 一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.名词性从句考点归纳b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分 Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.5.Is_____hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.f.与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.if和whether的选用不能使用if的情况: 1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Ihaven’tdecided_______togothere.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether 其它连接代词和副词的使用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。______weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.Whenwhowhatwhere that可省略的情况：that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略引导词that的省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略 1.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that) 1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用三、同位语从句的引导和辨别n.+连接词+从句fact,idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。 1.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how 定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用,而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。同位语从句和定语从句的区别 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.ATAPAPATAttributiveorAppositive HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为~thatsb(should)+doshould可省略 一坚持：_______________二命令：__________________三建议：_________________________四要求：_________________________Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.我们建议推迟会议。Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.他们坚持要求小男孩跟他们一起去。insistorder,commandsuggest,advise,proposerequire,request,demand,desire a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_______________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_______________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedayatthistimeyesterday宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。whatyouweredoing 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_________________________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_________________________________.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexaminationhehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 Thereason_____wedidn’ttrusthimwas_____heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsencewas______hewasill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。在名词性从句中，我们还需特别注意以下问题：whythatthatthat Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof______youread.(2007上海春)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether2.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.(2007浙江)A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why 3.Youcanonlybesureof________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.(2007安徽)A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that4.Itisnoneofyourbusiness______otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.(2007福建)A.howB.whatC.whichD.when Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.ifChoosethebestanswer 4.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat5.Wordhascome_____someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which 6.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how7.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that8.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because 9.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because10.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif 11.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that12.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon 13.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak14.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what 15.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes16.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif 17.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what 18.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how19.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how20.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.wasthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat 21.Youmustdowell______theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where22.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what23.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when 24.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what25.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what26.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where 27.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt28.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept29.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho 30.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether31.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where32.Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if Translation重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。2.他出生在何时何地还不知道。Theimportantthingiswhatyoudo,notwhatyousay.Whenandwherehewasbornhasnotbeenfound. 3.那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。4.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。5.我们相信他已经挣了足够的钱来盖所房子。Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.