英语语法专项：代词.pptx 18页

一、代词归纳 1人称代词主格I,you,heshe,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代词形容词性my,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性Mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs3指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some4反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves5互相代词eachother,oneanother6疑问代词who,whom,whoes,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever7关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as8不定代词One/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another.,all/both/neither/either 二、人称代词1.在非正式英语尤其是口语中，人称代词作be的表语时，通常用其宾格形式代替主格：Eg.Whoisit?It’sme.2.宾格形式在句中做宾语（动词或介词）：Mygrandmastilltreatsmelikeachild.Shecan’timaginemegrownup.me作宾语，grownup作宾补3．在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代替主格（尤其是其后跟有同位语all时）HeistallerthanI/me.HeisasoldasI/me.Lucyistallerthanusall.Youhavethesameopinionasme.若要引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格：HelovesyoumorethanI.Helovesyoumorethanme. 三、物主代词1.形容词性物主代词＋own表示“某人自己的”，常用来强调所属或独特性：Don’tusemypen.Whynotuseyour(own)?Iwantacarofmyown.2.名词性物主代词相当于名词，可以作主语、标语＆宾语Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestare_________.A.himandher.B.hisandhersC.hisandherD.himandher3.sth.ofhis/hers…:eg.afriendofmine构成名词双重所有格Thesearenot________belongings,butsomebooksof________arehere.A.my;youB.mine;yourC.my；yoursD.mineyours4．区别its与it’s＝itis/ithas 四、反身代词常用词组补充：makeoneselfunderstoodteachoneself(math)hideoneselfexcuseoneselfbringtooneself使自己清醒过来imagineoneself(beinganastronaut)saytooneself心里想talktooneself自言自语betweenourselves只限你我之间（不外传) 五、指示代词1．有时为了避免重复提到过的名词,可用that或those代替：ThelifeinJapanisdifferentfromthatinAmerica.Equippedwithmodernfacilities,today’slibrariesdiffergreatlyfrom_______.A.thoseofthepastB.thepastC.whichofthepastD.thesepast2.same与定冠词连用，可作主语、表语、宾语＆定语Thesamehashappenedonce.WhatIwanttodoisthesame.3.so用作代词代替前面的句子，作think,tell,say,believe,hope,expect,suppose,guess,I’mafraid,seem等词的宾语。但Ihopeso的否定形式只能是Ihopenot. 六、相互代词eachother可以用作宾语或定语Eachtriestodobetterthantheother.Theypointedouteachother’sweakpoints.七，疑问代词 八．不定代词1．allall作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或物保持一致。eg.Allofthepeople/themwerehappy.Allgoeswell.all与not连用时，表示“部分否定”eg.Allbamboosdon’tgrowtall.并非所有竹子都长高＝Notallbamboogrowstall. 2.如果all与both后面跟of,of后的名词前必须有限定词All/bothoftheteachers…3.位置：all与both可作为同位语放在谓语动词的前面，如果谓语有助动词，则置于第一助动词后面，如果谓语动词为be，则置于be动词后面Weallagreewithyou.Wehaveallfinishedtheworkintime.Theyarebothuseful. 4．None在句中作主语或宾语:作主语时，其后的谓语动词可以是单数也可以时复数Noneofthemis/areeasytogetalongwith.Noneof…结构中的none不可由no、nobody/noone或nothing代替Noneofthepensare/ishis.Nooneofthepensishis.（错误） 5.another/other可以在句中用作主语或宾语，也可作形容词性不定代词，修饰one或单数可数名词：Thisisabittoolarge.Canyougivemeanotherone?Another+基数词/few等＋复数名次表示“再。。。另外。。。”Wewalkedanothertenmiles.Shanghaiisafascinatingcityandwehavedecidedtostayfor______twoweeks.another 6.either/neitherneither＆either作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式Neitheriswillingtohelphim.Either…or…以及neither…nor…为并列连词，连接句中两并列成分。连接并列句时，谓语动词在数＆人称上应遵循就近原则：Eitherheoryouhavetoldheraboutthat. 7.some＆anySome一般用在肯定句中，any用在否定句中但在希望对方作出肯定答复或预料对方可能会作出肯定答复的疑问句中用someAreyouexpectingsomefriendsthismorning?Some修饰单数名词时，表示不确定的“某一个”，相当于acertain…Ifoundthesentenceinsomebook.Any可以用在肯定句中，意为“任何的、随便哪一个”，有强调作用Anyonewilldo.J.K.Rowlingearnsmorethananyotherwomanwriter.Any可以用作状语，表示程度，常用于否定句或疑问句中修饰比较级Ican’tstayhereanylonger. 8.few/afewlittle/alittlefew/afewlittle/alittle均可作主语、宾语或定语few/afew作主语时或修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数little/alittle作主语时或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数few前可用these或those修饰eg.Wehavelearntalotfromthesefewbooks.Quiteafew=many;quitealittle=much 9．much/manymuch/many都表示许多之意，分别表示或修饰不可数＆可数名词Manyoftheteachershavetakenpartinthediscussion.Muchhasbeendonetogetbetterresults.Much/manyfew/afewlittle/alittleseveral,some等后面of+名词时，of应和限定词the同时出现 10．One,that,itone可以用作定语从句或其他后置定语的被修饰词，其含义则需要根据其后的修饰语来确定Ishetheonewhogottheprize?Heisnotonetobeeasilyfrightened.Nodictionaryisasusefulastheone(that)Ijustbought.特指ThechildrenfromtheUSaredifferentfromtheones（those）fromEngland.在表示从属或修饰关系的of之前，不能使用one,而要用that/thoseof…Oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingustodayisthatofhowtogetmorewaterformantouse. one只能替代单数可数名词，that既可以替代单数可数名词，又可以替代不可数名词Hehasnochildandhewantstoadoptone.TheweatherinKunmingisbetterthanthatinWuhan.one/itOne或ones是泛指，表示同类中的任何一个或几个。It是特指，指代上文已出现过的那个名词，表示同一个东西Hehasacarandshewouldliketobuyone.Hehasacarandshewantstobuyit.IpreferaflatinSydneyto_____inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMum’s.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this