新编英语语法教程Articles.ppt 37页

Articles1.theIndefiniteArticletheDefiniteArticletheZeroArticle A.TheIndefiniteArticle:a/ana.“a/an”---anyoneinagroupb.pronunciation:/ә/,/әn/;/ei/,/æn/c.tobeusedbeforeasingularcountablenounB.TheDefiniteArticle:thea.“the”---“this”,“that”b.pronunciation:/ðә/,/ði/;/ði:/c.tobeusedbeforeSN/PN/UNC.TheZeroArticlea.tobeusedbeforeuncountablenouns,pluralcountablenouns. 2.Thereferencesof“a/an”A.genericreference类指用法a.agroupofpeopleorobjectseg.Amicroscopeisaninstrumentforexaminingverysmallobjects.Achildneedslove.Anowlcanseeinthedark.b.acertainoneinagroupeg.MayIhaveanapple,please?SheisaCanadian. B.specificreference特指用法(indefinitespecificreference)eg.Imetanoldmanonmywayhome.Acariswaitingatthegate.AbookIwanthasbeenacquiredbythelibrary. C.quantitativereference指量用法a.“one”eg.I’llbebackinadayortwo.It’safootlong,aninchthick.b.“every”eg.Wehavegrammarlessonsonceaweek.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.c.“same”eg.Thingsofakindcometogether,sodopeopleofamind.ChristineandIarenearlyofanage.Carrythemthreeatatime. “a”vs.“one”Igotaticketfortheconcert.Ionlywantoneticket.You’vegivenmetwo.Itwilltakemorethanayeartobuildthepowerstation.Itwilltakemorethanoneyeartobuildthepowerstation.Thethingwillcollapseatablow.Thethingwillcollapseatoneblow. 3.Thereferencesof“the”A.specificreference①a/somespecificperson(s)/thing(s)eg.Puttheparcelonthetable.Shutthedoor,please.②sb./sth.previouslymentionedeg.Heorderedabooksometimeago.Thebookhasnowarrived. ③beforeanounwithalimitingattributeeg.Theaeroplanethechildrenwerewatchingwasajet.Don’tspankhim.That’snotthewaytoeducateachild.HehasboughtmethebookthatIwant.HehasboughtmeabookthatIwant.Thebookoncurrenthistoryismissing.Abookoncurrenthistoryismissing. ④inadjectives’comparative&superlativeformseg.Couldyoutellmetheshortestwaytotheairport?TomseemstobeastallasDick;actually,Tomisthetallerofthetwo.⑤tobeusedforemphasiseg.Thisisthe/thewordtobeusedhere.Johnsonisthe/themanforthejob. B.Uniquereference独指用法eg.Therewasarainbowinthesky.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetinthewest.Thewindhaschangedtothesouth.Lateatnightacoldwindswepttheriver.Whatastormy-lookingsky!Look!Abigredsunisrising! C.Genericreference①the+singularn.eg.Thewhaleisindangerofbecominginstinct.Thecomputerhaschangedourwayoflife.②the+adj.eg.Onlybydestroyingtheoldandtherottencanwebuildthenewandthesound.Thetrue,thegood,andthebeautifulwouldnotexistwithoutthefalse,theevilandtheugly.③the+n.eg.TheworkingclassistheleadingclassofChina.TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave. 4.UsagesoftheZeroArticleA.beforeMaterialNounseg.Woodconsistslargelyofcarbon.(genus)Wouldyoulikecake?(uncertainquantity)B.beforeAbstractNounseg.She’sfondofmusicsinceshewasachild.(ageneralconcept)C.beforeProperNounseg.Washington,Peru,Palestine,Israel D.beforepluralcountablenouns①genericreferenceeg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.Axesaresharp-edgedtoolsforchoppingwood.②referenceofuncertainquantityeg.Don’tstandinthedoorway.Therearereporterswaitingtocomein.Thestreetswerecleanandshadedwithtrees.Sheputcarrotsinthestew.Sheputthecarrotsinthestew. E.Beforesingularcountablenouns①beforeaddresses,eg.familymember,nurse,cook,teacher,etceg.Auntistakingsisteroutforawalk.Cookhasmadenoodlesfortheoccasion.Teacherwaspleasedwithourwork. ②beforeapost,rank,etc.eg.TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.Whois(the)captainofyourteam?ThisisProf.Cook,headofthehistorydepartment.Theyappointedhimministertoaforeigncountry. ③before“breakfast,lunch,supper,etc.”eg.Dinnerwillbeservedateighto’clock.Asnackintheafternoonbridgesthegapbetweenlunchandsupper.*"Thanksfortheevening,thesupper,thewalk.Theywereallnice.*Shemanagedtoscareupalunchfortheunexpectedguests. ④before“school,church,prison,bed……”Atthethoughtofbeingsenttoprison,heshookwithfear.Theretiringwardendeliveredthekeysoftheprisontohissuccessor.Atlast,undressinghimselfwithagloomyresolution,hegotintobed.Althoughthebedwassmashedtopieces,themanwasmiraculouslyunhurt. ⑤In“playbasketball,football,baseball…”Ilikeplayingbasketball,andIalsoenjoytheteamspiritofbasketball.Playingfootballisoneofthewaysoflettingoffyouthfulsteam.Thefirstpictureshowsabasketballsoaringthroughtheairtowardthehoop. ⑥Insomestructures:HewasaConservativebutheturnedSocialist.TivertonwentLiberalattheby-election.TeacherasOscaris,he’snotagrammarian.Childasheis,hecouldn’thavedonesuchathing.Iwasfoolenoughtoaccepthisoffer.Areyoumanenoughforthisdangerousjob? Theteachercamein,bookinhand.Hewassittinginthechair,pipeinmouth.Springhascomeroundagain.IlastsawBlakesin(the)spring.Birdsflynorthin(the)summerandsouthin(the)winter. 5.ArticlesbeforeProperNounsA.Usuallythezeroarticlebeforeapropern.JohnBrown,Mrs.Smith,CaptainHouston…NationalDay,January,Sunday,etc.America,Brazil,Boston,etc.BuckinghamPalace,PaddingtonStation,etc.DowningStreet,SunsetBoulevard,etc.NewScientist,BeijingReview,etc. B.TheDefinitearticlebeforeapropern.-rivers,seas,canals,lakesetc.theNile,theMississippiRiver,theDanube;theAtlantic,theMediterranean;theSuezCanal,thePanamaCanal;theWestLake,theLakeofGeneva**DongtingLake,LakeMichigan --mountains,archipelagoes,channels,gulfs,desertseg.theHimalayas,theAlps,theRockies;thePenghuIslands,thePhilippines;thePersianGulf,theBayofBengal;theEnglishChannel,theSahara --countries,organizations,departments,etc.thePeople’sRepublicofChina,theUnitedKingdomtheStateCouncil,theStateDepartment;theNationalPeople’sCongress,theSenate,theHouseofRepresentatives…**Congress,Parliament ---publicbuildingsorfacilitiestheBritishMuseum,theMidlandBank,thePeaceHotel;---literaryworks,magazines,newspapersTheMerchantofVenice,TheTrueStoryofAhQtheNewYorkTimes,theChicagoTribune,---historicalages,dynastiestheStoneAge,theQingDynasty,theStuarts，theFrenchBourbons C.TheIndefiniteArticlebeforeapropern.①WhenIwasyoung,IdeterminedtobeaLeifeng.MybossisaNapolean.WearegoingtobuildaParisinChina.sb./sth.withthesamefeatureofapropern.②Mr.HudsonisanAmericanandMrs.HudsonisaDutch.Thereisn’tasingleJonesinourVillage.amemberofafamily,familyname,nation ③AmodernChinawillhavebeenbuiltbytheendofthe21stcentury.Tomhasbeenamasonforfiveyears.HeisnowadifferentTomfromwhathewasbefore.HewasmetatthedoorbyacontentedMary,notanangryMary.sb./sth.atacertaintime,withacertainfeatureEX.A,(B),C,(D) 6.Ellipsisofarticlesa.differencebetweenEA&ZAb.situationsforEllipsisofarticles-newsheadlineeg.(A)HotelFireDisaster-adseg.(A)Secondhandtypewriterwanted-telegramseg.SENDDOCTORURGENT-notice/instruction/bulletineg.(The)Lift(is)outoforder.-booknameseg.(The)BBCEnglishDictionary Ex3.PutinTHEwherenecessary.Portraitofafamily:--1–BartonsTherearethreeadultsandtwochildreninthisfamily.–2–childrenareBen,agedtwelve,and–3–littleStella,whoisfour.TheirparentsareAndrewandMarion.–4–otheradultisLeslie,whoisAndrew’sbrother.Heistwenty-four.TheyliveinNewcastle,alargecityin–5–northeastofEngland. On–6–weekdaymorningseveryonegetsupearly.AndrewBartonworksforacompanywhichmanufactures–7–computers.Heleaveatseveno’clock.Helikestoavoid–8–rushhour,hesays.Marionsuspectsthatreallyhelikestoavoidhavingbreakfastwith–9—children,whoareverynoisy.Bencatches–10–schoolbusateight-fifteen.Leslieisat–11–university,studyingphysics.Helivesawayfrom–12—homeduringterm-time,soheavoids–13—noise,too. Stelladoesn’tgoto–14–schoolyet,ofcourse.Nextyear,shewillstartat–15–nurseryschoolwhereBenusedtogo.Hermotherislookingforwardtothis,asitwillmeanthatshecangobackto–16—work.Beforehermarriage,shelivedinLondon,wheresheworkedfor–17–NationalGallery,in–18–TrafalgarSquare.Sheishopingtofind–19–samesortof–20--jobinNewcastle. Ex4.CrossoutTHEwhereitisnotnecessaryinthefollowingnewsitems.1.ThePrimeMinisterleftthismorningforatouroftheFarEast.HewillvisittheSingaporeandtheMalaysiaandthengoontothePhilippines,wherehewillmakeaspeechabouttheenvironment.ThePrimeMinisterleftthismorningforatouroftheFarEast.HewillvisittheSingaporeandtheMalaysiaandthengoontothePhilippines,wherehewillmakeaspeechabouttheenvironment. 2.TheKingJuanCarlosoftheSpainarrivedinLondontodayforathreedayvisittotheUnitedKingdom.HewasmetbytheQueenanddrovewithhertotheBuckinghamPalace.TomorrowhewillhavethelunchwiththeGovernoroftheBankofEnglandandintheeveninghewillhavetalkswiththebusinessmen.TheKingJuanCarlosoftheSpainarrivedinLondontodayforathreedayvisittotheUnitedKingdom.HewasmetbytheQueenanddrovewithhertotheBuckinghamPalace.TomorrowhewillhavethelunchwiththeGovernoroftheBankofEnglandandintheeveninghewillhavetalkswiththebusinessmen. 3.AconferenceistakingplaceintheMexicoCityonwaysofhelpingtheunemployedinthedevelopingworld.AreportwillbesenttotheUnitedNations,butitisfearedthattheunemploymentwillremainaprobleminthemostcountriesformanyyearstocome.AconferenceistakingplaceintheMexicoCityonwaysofhelpingtheunemployedinthedevelopingworld.AreportwillbesenttotheUnitedNations,butitisfearedthattheunemploymentwillremainaprobleminthemostcountriesformanyyearstocome. Ex.1Completethedescriptionofthisflatwitha/an,some,orthe.In–1–bedroomofthisflattherearetwinbeds,-2–cupboard,and–3–chair.Thereare–4–clothesthrownover–5–chair.Inonecornerthereis–6–basin.Thereisalso–7–basinin–8–bathroom.–9–basinin–10–bathroomisbigger.Aboveitthereis–11–shelf.Thisflathas–12–nicekitchen.Thereis–13–tablewith–14–chairsroundit.In–15–middleof–16–tableis–17–apple. Ex2.Putina/an,some,orthe.(Tinawantstobuyacar.ShehascometoseeRyan,whoistryingtosellhis.)T:So,youdon’tsaymuchinyouradvert.Isthis–1–oldcar?R:Fouryearsold.Comeandhavealookatit.T:Wereyou–2–firstowner?R:No,Igotittwoyearsago.T:Haveyoudrivenitalot?R:Well,Idrivetomyofficein–3–citycentrefivedays–4–week,butIdon’tuseitmuchatweekends. T:Isee.Now,thethingis,I’m–5–doctor.I’vejuststartedworkat–6–hospitalinHillsRoad.I’moncallalotofthetimeandIhavetofind–7–carwhichisreallyreliable.–8–carIusedtohavewasalwaysbreakingdownandgivingmeproblems.R:Oh,thisoneisverygood.Itmaynotbe–9–fastestcararound,butitalwaysgetsthereeventually.Andit’sgot–10–newsetoftyres.T:Right.It’sgoodtoknowthat.CanIgofor–11–testdrive?R:Um,actually,that’snotpossiblerightnow.T:Whynot?R:Well,basically,I’mafraiditwon’tstart.Yousee–12–batteryisflat.