新版八年级英语语法总结与练习汇编.docx 25页

新版八年级英语语法总结与练习汇编否定句:_______________例：①Wegetup（起床）at7:00everymorning.疑问句→Doyougetupat7:00everymorning?否定句→Wedon’tgetupat7:00everymorning.　②陈述句：Shehasabrother.疑问句__________________________?　否定句_________________________________.　巩固练习题：　一、按照要求改写句子　1Sheenjoysswmimingverymuch.　2Ilikeapples.　3Idon`tthinkhe______anagent.　4.Nick_______tothezooonSunday.　5.______they________pears?　6______yourparents_______eggseveryday?　7.Mike________.8Theboyoften___TV,.he____homeworkatnight.　8.Myparentsusually____books,andmycousinoften______houseworkonweekends.　9.Thesun_____biggerthanthemoon.　10.What___heoften____onSunday?-Healways_____ theguitar.　二一般过去时：　概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态.　时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,etc.　基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词Ved　否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't+V原。couldn`t+v原　一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词Did提问，+V原could　Iwasastudent6yearsago.______________________　_________________　Icouldplaythepianolastyear.___________________　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　Theysawafilmlastnight.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　动词过去式变化规则。　a)一般情况下的词加-ed.workworkedcallcalledlaughlaughed　b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-dlivelived changechangedgraduategraduated　c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.studystudiedcarrycarriedcrycried　d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.playplayedstaystayed　巩固练习题：　1Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?It____great!We_______friendswiththefarmers.　2Heturnedoffthelightandthen______.　3Whydidn’thecomehere?-Becausehe_______myhomework.　4.I____toShanghaiwithmyparentslastsummer.　5.Mary_____withhercousinjustnow.　6.WhenIgotthere,theweather____rainy,I____________theraincoat.　7.Heputonhiscoatand______outwithhisdog.　8.___she_______thehouseworkyesterday?　9.Lastsummerholidaythey_________anywhereinteresting.　10.There_____manytreesherehundredsofyearsago.　三、现在进行时：　概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。 　时间状语：now,look,listen,it’s+time,thesedays,Whereis**?atthemoment.　基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.　动词现在分词的构成　①直接加-ing②以不发音的字母e结尾,e加ingdance–dancing　③辅元辅双写辅音+ing　stoppingbeginningswimmingunning　sittingputtingplanninggetting　巩固练习题：　1Look!Theboy______withhismotherinthepool.（swim）　2WhatisTomdoingintheclassroom?He______somethingontheblackboard.　3Somegirls______whilesomeboysareplayingbasketballnow.　4It’seighto’clockwe_______Englishclass.　5____yourffather____hiscar?No,heiscooking.　６Where’sJim?-He___________inthepool.　7.Listen!Who________nexttotheroom?-Sorry,Idon’tknow.　四、过去进行时： 　概念：表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为。　时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。　基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.　用动词的适当形式填空。　1.Whilewe__________forthebus,agirlrantous.　2.I__________afriendwhenBob__________in.　3.Whilemother________Cathytobed,thedoorbell________.　4.WhenIwalkedinthepark,it__________.　5.Itwas9:00atnight.George_________whenheheardaknockatthedoor.　6.I_____mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.　7.What_____you___atthattimeWe_____TV.　8.Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?Yes,hewas.He_____totheradioatthattime.　9They_____acakewhenIsawhim.　10._____they____ameetingat4yesterdayafternoon?No,They_____theclassroom. 　11.______it______whenyouleftschoolYes,it____.　12.What_____yourfather_____whenyourmothercalled?　13.Whilemyfather____throughtheeveningpaper,he________hishomework.　五一般将来时：　概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。　时间状语：tomorrow,nextday,soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,　基本结构：①am/is/are/goingto+do；②will/shall+do.3bedoing　巩固练习题：　1.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.　A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied　2.Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.Really?Where_______he_______?　A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go　3Frank_______toseehisgrandmaifhe_______ freetomorrow.　A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe　4.There_____atalkinourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoingtogive　5.Shallwegoshoppingnow?　Sorry,Ican’t.I_______myshirts.　A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing　6.Comebackhomeeverymonth.I_______.A.willB.mustC.shouldD.Can　7Heworksasareporter.He_________intenyears.　8.There_________lesspollutioninthefuture.　9.Thepeople__________robotsintheirhouse.They________peopledosomething.　10.What______she_____nextterm?-She’llstudyharderthanbefor.　六过去将来时：　概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。　基本结构：①was/were/goingto+do；②would/should+do. 　巩固练习题：　1LiMingsaidhe_____happyifBrian_____toChinanextmonth.　A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come　2.Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.　A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend　3.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?　—Hetoldmethathe______theDisneyWorldthenextday.　A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit　4.IhopedTina______tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.　A.tocomeB.iscomingC.willcomeD.wascoming　5.Fathersaidthathe______metoBeijingthenextyear.　A.tookB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake　6.Wewerenotsureifthey______morevegetables.　A.aregoingtogrowB.weregoingtogrowC. willgrowD.havegrown　II.用所给动词的适当形式填空　1.MissZhangsaidshe________theGreatWallnextsummer.　2.Shetoldhimthatshe________hereforlong.　3.Iwasn’tsureifLucy_______thenextyear.　4.Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe_______fifty-eight.　5Mikesaidhe_____meifI____him.　七现在完成时　一．现在完成时概念：　（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果　Ihaveeatenlunch.　Ihaveseenthefilm.　（2）表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去。常与for,since连用.同于现在完成进行时。　结构：　肯定句：助动词have/has+过去分词　否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.　一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.　答语:Yes,主语+have/has. 　No,主语+haven't/hasn't.　过去分词：则动词：规则动词的过去分词与过去式+ed。　不规则动词见附表。　标志词1以already,just和yet为标志　Hehasalreadygotherhelp.　他已得到她的帮助。　Hehasn'tcomebackyet.　他还没有回来。　Theyhavealreadyfinishedhomework.Englishsincelastyear.　2I____never____toaforeigner.　3MrGreen_____inChinafortwoyears.　4Howmanytimes____you____there?　5We_____eachothersincewewereyoung.　6、Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.否定句:_______________.　7．Theyhavefoundthelostbooksalready.___they_____thelostbooks____？No，they____．　8．Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet．（改为肯定句）　Julia__________________homefromschool．　MrWangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999．（改为同义句）　MrWang______________Englishinthisschoolsince 1999．　10Theyhavelivedheresince3yearsago.　八、过去完成时：?　概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。?　标志词：before,?by?the?end?of?last?year,etc.?　基本结构：had?+?done.?否定形式：had?+?not?+?done.?一般疑问句：had放于句首。　?过去完成时的用法：?　1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。?　例如：The?train?had?already?left?before?we?arrived.?在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。?He?said?that?he?had?learned?some?English?before.?他说过他以前学过一些英语。　?2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。?　例如：I?had?lived?in?America?for?two?years?before?I?came?here?.?　我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。? 　3表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope,?want,plan,wish,?expect,?think,?intend,?mean,?suppose等。?　例如：We?had?hoped?that?you?would?come,?but?you?didn't.　那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。?　I?had?thought?that?all?knew?about?it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。?　巩固练习:?　1.?You?don't?need?to?describe?her.?I?___?her?several?times.　A.?had?met?B.?have?metC.?met?D.?meet?　2.?I'm?sorry?to?keep?you?waiting.?　?Oh,?not?at?all.?I?___?here?only?a?few?minutes.?　A.?have?beenB.?had?beenC.?was?D.?will?be　3、The?students?___?busily?when?Miss?Brown?went?to?get?a?book?she?___?in?the?office.　A.?had?written,?left?B，were?writing,?has?left　?C?had?written,?had?leftD.?were?writing,?had?left? 　4、My?dictionary?___,?I?have?looked?for?it?everywhere?but?still___?it.　A.?has?lost,?don't?findB.?is?missing,?don't?find?　?C.?has?lost,?haven't?foundD.?is?missing,?haven't?found.　?5.I?_________to?help?you?but?couldn‘t?get?here?in?time.?　A.?want?B.?had?wantedC.?have?wanted?D.?was?wanting　6.When?I?reached?home,?my?parents?__________their?supper.?　A.are?havingB.have?already?had?C.have?hadD.?had?already?had?　7.It?seems?that?the?old?man?_________something?important.?　A.has?lostB.?had?lost?C.?lost?D.?would?lose?　8.She?__________in?this?school?________the?past?ten?years.　?A.was?teaching,?since?B.?had?been?teaching,?sinceC.would?teach,?forD.?has?been?teaching,?for? 　9.Did?you?see?Xiao?Li?at?the?partyNo,?______by?the?time?I?arrived.?　A.she‘d?left?B.she's?left?C.?She?was?left?D.she?must?leave　10.The?job?proved?to?be?much?more?difficult?than?I______.?　A.?expectB.expectedC.?would?expect?D.had?expected?　11.We?couldn‘t?catch?up?with?the?others?because?they?_____too?long?before?us.　?A.startedB.were?startingC.have?started?D.had?started　?12.She?felt?anxious?about?her?son?as?she?________for?quite?a?long?time.　A.haven't?heard?himB.?hadn‘t?heard?him?C.haven?t?heard?from?himD.?hadn‘t?heard?from?him?　13.By?the?time?the?speaker?entered?the?hall,?all?the?listeners_______.? 　A.?had?seated?B.?were?seatedC.?seated?D.?were?seating　时态综合练习　1.?Weusually___upat7:00everymorning.　2.?She___TVwhensheheardaloudknockatthedoorthistimeyesterday.　3.?Mymother___heretomorrow.　4.?Look!Someone___there.　5.?WeiHua’sbrother___thearmyin1995.　6.?He___aletterthisafternoon.　7.Helookedunhappy.What______tohim.　8.?Shesaidthatshe___toJapanthenextyear.　9.What____you_____whentheUFOarrived?　10.Wedon`tknowifMrZhang_____toourschool.　Ifhe_____tomorrow,we____excited.　11.MrGreen_____inChinafortwoyears.　12We_____eachothersincewewereyoung.　13When?I?reached?home,?my?parents?__________their?dinner（have）　九接引语变间接引语：人称变，时态变，事实真理不变。　1.肯定句：“that引导”saytosb,改成tellsb:　2.一般疑问句：if/whether引导【whethet与or/not 连用。】　【=1*GB3①加if或whether。　=2*GB3②变陈述语序=3*GB3③要把said改成asked】　Shesaid:"Isheadoctor?"→Sheaskedmeifhewasadoctor?　3特殊疑问句：“what/how等疑问代词或疑问副词引导+陈述语序　Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.　4.祈使句：根据说话人的语气，间接引语应改为“tellsb.todosth.”　变直接引语为间接引语：　1.Theysaid，“WecanhelpyouwithyourEnglish．”　2.Hesaid，“Theearthturnsaroundthesun．”　3.Shesaid,”Iwanttobeateacher.”_____________________________________________　4.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.　5“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.　6.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”He askedhermother__________________foundit.　7.“Stopmaking”hesaid.He_____thechildren__________making　8“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.　9“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.　10“Iamhavingsupper，”hesaid.Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.　11.Theteachersaid，“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”　Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.　12.“Howoftendoyouexercise?”hesaidtoLily.He____Lily_____________________.　13.“Keepquiet，children.”hesaid.He_______thechildren______________quiet.　14Marysaid”IwillgotoTom’shouseonSunday.”Marysaid__________________　十.宾语从句专项习题 　1.Have?you?decided?________for?AustraliaA.?when?will?you?leave?B.?when?do?you?leave?　C.?you?will?leave?when?D.?when?you?will?leave?　2.Can?you?tell?me?_________A.?where?does?Tom?liveB.?where?Tom?lived?　C.?Tom?lives?where?D.?where?Tom?lives?3.The?old?man?asked?me?________?.?　A.?where?was?the?cinemaB.?where?is?the?cinema?　C.?where?the?cinema?wasD.?where?was?the?way?to?the?cinema?　4.I?think?_______?you?will?like?him.?A.?thatB.?ifC.?why?D.?how?　5.I?didn’tknow?_______?he?will?come?or?not.　A.?thatB.?whetherC.?weatherD.?how?　6.I?wonder?_________?.?　A.?how?much?cost?these?shoesB.?how?much?do?these?shoes?cost? 　C.?how?much?these?shoes?costD.?how?much?are?these?shoes?cost?　7.She?asked?me?_________?.　?A.?who?he?wasB.?who?was?heC.?who?is?heD.?who?he?is?　8.Ask?him?___.?　A.?whose?cup?this?is?B.?whose?cup?is?this?C.?this?is?whose?cup?D.?whose?is?this?cup?　9.I?don?t?know?_________?.?　A.?what?time?the?movie?startsB.?what?time?starts?the?movie?　C.?the?time?to?start?the?movieD.?the?movie?what?time?starts?　10.The?doctor?asked?me?how?long?________?.?　A.?was?I?illB.have?I?been?illC.?I?have?been?illD.?I?had?been?ill?　11.The?weather?forecast?doesn’t?say?_________.?A.?if?it?rains?tomorrow?　?B.?if?does?it?rain?tomorrow?C.?if?it?will?rain?tomorrowD.?if?will?it?rain?tomorrow? 　12.Do?you?know?_________A.?whose?pen?is?this　?B.?whose?pen?this?is?C.?whom?does?the?pen?belong?toD.?whom?the?pen?belong?to?　13.Could?you?tell?me?where?_________　A.?the?tape?wasB.?was?the?tapeC.?the?tape?isD.?is?the?tape?　14.They?want?to?know?_________　A.?where?is?the?hospitalB.?how?old?are?you?　C.?when?the?train?will?leaveD.?why?is?the?boy?crying?　15.Tony?wanted?to?know?_________.?　what?had?Father?Christmas?put?in?his?stockingB.?when?Father?Christmas?had?put?in?his?stocking?C.?what?Father?Christmas?had?put?in?his?stocking?D.where?Father?Christmas?had?put?in?his?stocking?　被动语态练习　被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：?　一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．?一般过去时：was／were＋p．p． 　一般将来时：shall?／will?be?＋p．p．现在完成时：have?／has?been?＋p．p．　现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．?过去将来时：should?／would?be?＋p．p．?　含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．　1._____?a?new?library?_____?in?our?school?last?year?　?A.?Is;?built?B.?Was;?builtC.?Does;?build?D.?Didbuild?　2.?An?accident?____?on?this?road?last?week.?　A.?has?been?happenedB.?was?happenedC.?is?happened?D.?happened?　3.So?far,?the?moon?____?by?man?already.?　A.?is?visited?B.?will?be?visitedC.?has?been?visitedD.?was?visited?　4.A?talk?on?Chinese?history?_____?in?the?school?hall?next?week.　A.?is?givenB.?has?been?givenC.?will?be?givenD.?gives?　5.How?many?trees?____?this?year　A.?are?plantedB.?will?plantC.?have?been?plantedD.?planted? 　?6.--When?___?this?kind?of?computers______--Last?year.?　A.?did;?useB.?was;?usedC.?is;?used?D.?are;?used?　7.The?Great?Wall?____?all?over?the?world.　A.?knowsB.?knewC.?is?known?D.?was?known　8.Who?_____?this?book?_____　A.?did;?writtenB.?was;?written?byC.?did;?writtenD.?was;?written　9.The?monkey?was?seen?_____?off?the?tree.?　?A.?jump?B.?jumpsC.?jumpedD.?to?jump?　10.The?school?bag?___?behind?the?chair.?　?A.?putsB.?can?be?putC.?can?be?puttedD.?can?put?　11The?children?will?sing?an?English?song.??　An?English?song?___________________?by?the?children.?　12?You?needn't?do?it?now.??　It?______________________?by?you?now.?　13?People?use?metal?for?making?machines.?　Metal?________________________making?machines.　?14?He?made?me?do?that?for?him.??　I?____________________________?that?for?him.? 　15They?are?watching?the?football?match.（改为被动语态)?）　The?football?match?_____________________by?them.?　16Did?they?build?a?bridge?here?a?year?ago?　__________?a?bridge?____________?here?by?them?a?year?ago　17.They?have?sold?out?the?light?green?dresses.??　The?light?green?dresses?____________________________?out.?　18.We?call?the?game?“Lianliankan”.?　?The?game?______________?“Lianliankan”?by?us　形容词比较级最高级用法练习　1.?Can?you?do?your?work?with?_____?money?and?_____?people　A.?less;?few?B.?less;?fewer?C.?little;?less?D.?few;?less　2.?I?didn’t?know?which?was___,?so?I?took?them?both.A.?good?B.?better?C.?best?D.?the?best?　3.?What?an?_____?story!?I’m?_____?in?it.?A.?interested;?interestingB.?interesting;?interested　C.?interested;?interestedD.?interesting;?interesting 　4.?The?jacket?is?_____?nice,?but?it’s?_____?more?expensive?than?that?one.?　A.?much;?much?B.?very;?very?C.?much;?very?D.?very;?much　5.?Do?you?think?the?chicken?tastes?______She?cooked?it?_____,?I?think.?　?A.?good;?good?B.?well;?well?C.?well;?good?D.?good;?well　6.?This?street?is?much?______?than?that?one.?　A.?straight?B.?straighter?C.?straightest?D.?more?straighter　7How?was?the?weather?yesterdayIt?was?terrible.?It?rained?_____.?People?could?_____?go?out.　A.?hardly;?hardly?B.?hardly;?hardC.?hard;?hardD.?hard;?hardly　8.?The?girl?is?_____,?but?her?younger?sister?is?even?_____. 　?A.?tallest;?taller?B.?taller;?tallestC.tall;?taller　9.?The?Chinese?people?are?______?than?you?think.　A.?friendly?B.?more?friendlyC.?very?friendly?D.?as?friendly　10?Everything?is?_____?on?the?moo