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交互式教学法和语法翻译法在初中英语语法教学中的对比分析——以将来表达法为例

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分类号G633.41密级公开学号141032■■V:—硕it学位论文业学位(专)题目交互式教学法和语法翻译法在初中英语语法教学中的对比分析:W将来表达法为例作者吴幹指导教师田兵教授专业学位类别教育硕去专业学位领域学科教学(芙语)提交日期二〇—六年五月 ACompara村ve乂nalysisofInteractiveTeachingMethodandGrammarTranslationMethodinJuniorHihSchoolgGrammarTeaching:ACaseStudyofFutureExressionspWuZhengAthesissubmittedinconformitwiththereuirementsforyq化edereeofMasterofEducationinEnlishTeachingggSchoolofForeignLanuaesggShaanxiNormalUniversity’沿anMay2016 学位论文原创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我在导师的指导下进行研巧工作所取得的研巧成果,尽我巧知,除文中已经注明弓,本论文不包含其I用的内容巧致谢的地方外他个人或集体已经发表或巧写过的祝巧成果,也不包含本人或他人已申请学位或其他用途使用过的成果,巧已在文中?对本文的研巧做出重要贡献的个人和窠体作了明确说明并表示谢意。本学位论文若有不实或者巧犯他人巧利的一切相关的法律责,本人甩念承担任。口W亥作者签名》日期:X月>么日!乂J^八年学位论文知识产板及使用授权声明书本人在导师指导下所完成的学位论文及相关成果,知识产巧巧屑挟西师范大学。本人完全了解陕西师范大学有关保存、使用学位论文的规定,化许本论文巧査巧和借巧,学校有权保留学位论文并向国家有关巧口或机构送交论文的纸质巧和电子販,有巧巧本论文的全部或部分内容编入有关致据库进行栓巧,可W采用任何复制手段保存和汇编本论文?本人保证毕业离校后,发表本论文或使用本论文成果时署名单位仍为陕西师范大学。保密论文解密后适用本声明?t义主日作者签名:日巧:?/年5月M__么 AcknowledgementsIhavelearnedalotofknowledeandhavebeenuidedandheledbmanyg,gpy,peoplewhenIwasstudyingforamastersdegreeatShaanxiNormalUniversity.Itisbecauseoftheirpatientguidanceandselfle巧helpthatIhavemadesuchawonderfulourneoflife.jyMydeeestratitudeoesfir巧andfbremost化Mr.TTianBinmadvisorfbrhispggg,y,constantencouragementanduidance.Hehaswalkedmethrouhallthestagesoftheggwritingof化isthesis.WithouthisCO打sistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditsresentform.pSecondIwouldliketoexressmheartfe"ratitudetotherofes;sorsand,pygp1:eachersatthedeartmentofEnlishEducation:ProfessorWeiLiZhanJinuChenpg,ggy,Gang,XuZhonghui,ShiLuoxiangandChristina.AndIamalsogreatlyindebted1:othe*打化acheisattheSchoolofEducatio打:FuGan呂shanWuDonfanWanTTizhaoand,gg,ggsoo打.Last,my化ankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfor化eirlovingconsideratio打sandgreatconfide打ceinmeallthrough也eseyears.IalsoowemysinceregratitudeU)myMendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelandtimei打listenint:omepgandhelpingmeworkoutmroblemsdurinthedifficultcourseofthethesis.ypgi Abs化actGrammarte幻chi打gh过salwasbee打akeconcerni打fo^inlanuaeteachin.yyggggThetraditio打alrammartranslationmethodhasbeenunable化fiillmeettheresentgyp,grammar化aching.Thetraditionalgrammartranslatio打methodemphasizes1:eachers,indoctrinationintheclassandstude打tslearningbyroteb山ignoresthepracticalapplicationoframmarknowlede.Modemclassroomeducatio打reuiKsrammarggqg化aching化takestudentsas化ecenter,throughavarietyof化achi打gmethodsand,classroomactivitiestostimulatestude打tsenthusiasmandinitiativeandenhance化e,,studentsdesireforknowledge.Undertheinflue打ceofconstructivismandthetheoryofsoclineracionheineractivech打methodarisesathehitoricmome打teiatttt化aits.Th,ginteractive化achinge化odemhasizestheu化ofinteractivemeansintheclassroomtomph’elpimprovestudentspracticalabUityto口selanuaeknowledeandmakeuforthegggpshortcomingsofthetraditionalgrammartranslationmethod.Itfocusesontraining,studentslearningstrategieswhicharespecificconcreteandused1:0romo1:e,punderstandingofknowledeemhasizing化6interactionbetweenstudentsandstudentsg,p,andbetweenteachersandstudents.Discussionisbasedontheunderstandingofthe化xt,andteachersintroducenewknowledgethroughtheunderstandingofthestudentswithoutmechanicallyrepeating.Ingrammarteaching,thetense化achingisveryttimortanandthefiiturete打seis过verysecialo打eintheE打lishlanuae.Asentppgggpre,researchersi打tend化hold化eidea化at化ereisnofuture化nsebutthefutureexpressions.Peoleexpressingfuturity;smorelikeakindofexpressionsofintentionlansandsop,p"on.Therammar化achininthemiddleschoolinoresthearticularhofthefixturegggpy化,,nseThisaerakes化efuureexressiochinasanexamlexlohe.ppttpns化agptoepretapplicationandefectivenessof化einteractive化achi打gethodinEnlishrammarinmggun*iorhihschoolandtheeffectoftheinteractiveteachinethodonstudentslearninjggmgenthusiasm.TheauthorCO打ductedtheexperime打ti打twoclas化sofgradeeihtfbrthreeweeks.gBefbretheexperiment,theauthorconductedaretestinthetwoclassesU)provetheplearningroficiencyofthestudentsinthetwoclasseswaseualandseetheroblemspqpthatstudentshaveinfutureexpressions.I打CO打trolclasstheauthortauhtfuture,gin expressio打sby化egrammartranslationteachingme化odwhileinexperimentalclass,theauthorused也einteractive化achinmethod.Aftertheexperiment化ea山horg,CO打ductedaost4estinthetwoclassesandsawthelearningefect.Then化eauthorp,,handedout化euestionnairesi打化eexerimentalclasstoseethestudentsaccetanceqppoftheinteractiveCachingmethod.TheauthorusedSPSS16.0化analyzethedata.In化ispaper,化eauthorintroduceshow化1:eachfuturee邱ressionsunder化eframeworkme化od*oftherammartranslationmethodandtheinteractive化achinintheielatedggtheorybasisandcomaresthetwomethods.Theauthoranalyzesthecollecteddataof,pthere化Stost化巧anduestionnaire化化stitheefectivene巧oftheinteractivep,pqfyteachi打gmethodi打E打glishgrammar化achi打gi打juniorhighschool.According化the*wexerimentaliesul1:sitisshoed化atcomaredwiththeramm姐translation化achinp,pggme1:hodtheinteractiveCachinmethodcontainsmoreactivitiesandsetsstudentsin,g,authenticsituations化learngrammar,whichcanefectivelypromMethestudentsEn^welishabilitimrovetheielatio打shibete打the化achersandstudentsstimulategy,,pp,thestudentslearninginterestandclassroomarticiation.Thishascertai打sinificanceppgforrectifyingthedefectsofthetradi巧onalgrammartranslationteachingmethod.Inthewanlastchaptertheauthoralsoutsforrdsomesustiosforthefixtureexressions,pggepbachininordertoachievetheoalof化achinandcontributetotheefectiveteaching,gggeffect.Keywords:theInteractiveTeachingMethod,theGrammarTranslationTeachingMethodFutureExressions,piv 摘要语法教学始终是外语教学中值得重点关注的部分。传统的语法翻译法已经不能完全满足如今的语法教学。传统的语法翻译法更强调教师的课堂灌输及学生的死记硬背而忽视了语法知识的实际应用。在建构主义理论及社会交互理论的影响。下,交互式教学法应运而生交互式教学法强调课堂中交互手段的运用,帮助提高学生对语言知识的实际运用能力,弥补传統的语法翻译法的缺陷。它着眼于培养学生特定的、具体的用W促进理解的学习策略,强调学生与学生,老师与学生之间的交流,通过学生的理解来导入新知识。在语法教学中,时态教学又是重中一之重。将来时在英语的时态中是非常特殊的环。目前更多的是认为没有将来时,一而应该是将来表达法,并且认为人们对将来的表达更多地是种意图、计划等态上的表达。目前中学的语法教学忽视了将来时的特殊性。本文将来表达法的教学为例,通过实验对比的方法,探巧交互式教学法在初中英语语法中的应用与作用,W及交互式教学法对学生学习积极性的作用。。作者对八年级的两个班进行了为期H周的实验实验之前,在两个班进行前测来验证两个班学生学习水平相当,对知识的掌握情况相同,并清楚学生在将来表达法上出现的问题。在控制班中使用语法教学法来进行将来表达法教学,在实验班中用交互式教学法进行将来表达法教学。实验结束后,在两个班进行后测来验证学习效果,并在实验班发放了调查问卷来验证学生对交互式教学法的接受程度。本文对在相关理论的基础上介绍了如何在语法翻译法和交互式教学法的框架下进行将来表达法的教学,并加W对叱。作者对前测、后测和调查问卷的所收集的数据用SP%化.0进行分析,来验证交互式教学法在初中英语语法教学中的效果。根据实验结果表明,与语法翻译法相比,交互式教学法要求教师设计更多的活动,将学生置于真实情景中的教学更能有效地促进学生英语综合能力的提高,改善师生之间的关系,激发学生的学习兴趣及课堂参与度。这对于改善传统语法翻译法的缺陷具有一定意义一法的教学提出了一。在最后章,作者也对将来表达点建议,一份力量为达到教学目标和有效实现教学效果贡献。关键词;交互式教学法,语法翻译法,将来表达法V 化bleofCoMentsAcknowledgmentiAbstractiii擒要VChapterOneIntroduction11.1ResearchBackground11.2TheSinificanceoftheStudy3g1.3OrganizationoftheThesis5Ch泣pterTwoLiteratureReview62AFutureTenseorFutureExressions6plishrammareachinren2.2EnGTgds10gT2.3TheGrammarTranslationTeachingMethod122.4TheInteractiveTeachingMethod152.4.1AnOverviewoftheResearch152.4.2TheDefinitionandCharac化risticsofInt:eractiveTeachinMethod17g2.4.3TheTheoreticalBasisofInteractiveTeachingM巧hod19ChapterThreeResearchMethodology233.1ResearchObectives23j3.2民esearchsubects23j3.3ResearchInstrument243.3.1Test243*.3.2ue巧ionnaiie25Q3.4ResearchP防cedure253llec.5DataCotion263.5aaCollecio打ofhees.1DtttTt263.5.2DataCollectionoftheuestionnaire28QChapterFourResultsandDiscussion304.1AnalysisandDiscussio打ofPretest30sando打-4.2AnalyisDiscussiofPost化St3242ASameassoftrammarransatonTeachinethod..1plClheGTligM33vii 4lelassoftheInteractveTeachnet.2.2ASampCiigMhod374.2.3Discussio打ofthePosixtest494.3AnalysisandDiscussio打ofQuestionnaire52ChapterFiveConclusion585.1MaorFindins58jg5.2Limitations615.3FutureResearch62*enRefeice63Appendixes66AppendixI66AppendixII70AppendixIII74AppendixIV76攻读学位期间的研巧成果78viii ChapterOneIntroductionChaterOneIntroduc村onp1.1ResearchBackgroundEnglishisthemostwidelyusedlanuaein化eworldandhasbecomeoneof化eggmen-necessarylanguagesforthedeveloptoftalentsinthetwentyfirstcentury.English>roficienchasbecomeoneofthecriteriaforthesocietyto化巧ersonsabilit.1打pypyhliiiihlininiiki打additio打化teearnngandtran打gofEnlssteseaknreadnrand呂g,pg,g,wgotherbasicskillstheEnlishrammarlearninisalsoveryvitalthrouhthebasic,gggglearnincontent.In2003theEnglishCurriculumCriterionoulltimeComulsorg,fFpy"whichtheMinistryofEducationromulatedointsoutthatknowledeispgpganimportantpartoflanguagecompete打ceandanimportantfoundatio打fordeveloping""lanuaeskills.Lanuaeskillsandlanguageknowledgearethebasisofgggg"comrehe打sivelanuaeaUcatio打ability.Thereforerammarlearniniserneofthepggpp,ggliliniiHk化rl化amefimportantcontentsofE打gshearng.Englshgrammarseeuesofe.Igyoudonotunderstandtherulesofthegame,youcannotplaythegame,化enthebasicisteninandsi打readiandwriincannobecarriedou化canbeaidhaleakngttt?sttgpg,ggrammaristhesoulandlanguageisthebody.Languagewithoutsoulwillnothavethemeaning.""""Intherarfuturetenseorwecanafutureexressio打sisasecialone.mma,,sygpp^DividedbtimetherearethreetensesinEnlishwhichareast化nseiesent化nsey,g,p,pandftiture化打se.Inthethree化nsesfuturete打seisasecialone.Inrammarte打seisa,pg,categorythatlocatesasituationintime.Asectisarammaticalcateorthatexre巧espggyp*howanactioneve打torstatedenotedbverbielates化theflowoftime.I打factfuture,,,,ytenseisdiferentfrombothastten化andresentte打se.Futureisuncertain.Therefbrepp,-inthecuflentrammarresearchfuturetenseisaconcetthatisrarelentionedandg,pym,willbeclassifiedintothecateoryofmodalitinsometheories.Sinceold巨打Ushgyg,Englishverbsonlyhavepasttenseandpresenttense,whichmeansEnglishhasnotdevelopedauniqueformofverbequalswithpasttenseandpresenttensetoexpressfltur.Tht化atElihhafutur化nsdo打otmeanthatEnlishhieefacngssnoeees呂asnoab化tytoexpre巧thefuturetime.虹modemEnglish,thegrammaticalmeans化expressfutureten化arediversified.Thefixturetensehasmanykindsof6乂口巧¥31〇118.The1 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文exressio打offuturetimei打Englishhasalwaysbee打ahottoicthatie打toflinuistspppygconcernabout.Theexpressio打offuturetenseiscomplex.Englishspeakersusuallyusethe",auxiliariessuchaswill/shair化expre巧futuretense.Whatsmore,infinitivessuchas"",,"""betodobeabouttoandbeointoalsocanbeuse过toexressfiiture.Itisthe,ggpmostspecialthatsimpleprese打tte打seandpresentpro呂ressivecanbeusedtoexpressfiitureaswell.HoweverthecurrentsituationofE打lishrammar化achininhih,ggggschoolis化atstudentsdonothavea化orouhrasoffuturete打seeseciall化eggp,pyycannotdistinguishwhichwordsand1:ensescanbeusedtoexpiressfuturetenseandwhyfuturetensedcanbeexpressedbya打othertense.DuringtheEnglishbaching,manyteachersfind化atwhe打studentsuseverbs化eunderstand化econcetoftenseasa,ypfixedformatandmechanicallyaltoanumberofsmbolicwordsorformssuchasppyy,";"",,("化willdoshalldoandbeabo山todo.Thecannotclarifedeeeani打and,ygypmsubtledifferencesofvariouswaysofexression.Oncetherearesuchwordsorformspappearinthesentencesordiscourses,theymayapplytheknowledgetheyhavelearnedmechanically化understandnewstateme打ts,whichisboundtoafecttheprocessofEngUshlearning.Acquisitionhappensi打anaturallanguageenvironment.Itisaprocessofmasteringlanguaeunconsciouslywhichfocusesoncommunicativefunctionoflanuae.g,ggLearninghardlyhaensinanaturallanuaeenvironmentandthelearninrocessppgggpfocusesmoreonlanguageformsuchassntacticrulesandcorrectrammaruse.,ygLearnersleamtheselanguagecontentsconsciously.InhighschoolinChina,grammarme^teachingthodologyismechanicalinut.Theresentstudyreiesentsapreliminarypppeforttoexploreaflex化le化achi打methodologyoffuturetenseexressionsinhihgpg^schoolandimprovestudentsgrasoffuturetense.pWi化thecontinuouscurriculumreformhowtoteachrammarhasbecome过,gseriousconcernofthemaorityofEnlishteachers.Inrecentears,undertheinfluencejgyofconstructivismtocialinteheoicativeCatherheorsractiontrcommunchinoandy,,ygyothereducationaltheorieseoleraduallfocusmoreontheteachinmodewhichis,ppgyg-打cmmainlstudentcentered.Theinteractiveteachigtheorlaisthatthelearninyygrocessis1:herocessoftheinteractio打betwee打thesubectandobectandemhasizesppjj,p化einteractionbetween化ei打dividual,化eenvironmentandthebehavior.I打spiredby2 ChaterOneIntroductionpthetheorofsociali打teractionandconstructivism灶£interactiveteachinmodey,grovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstoexplore,discover,articipateinandracticepppthetaretlanuae.Atthesametimeitadvocatescooerativeleami打roulearninggg,,pg,gpgsituatio打allearninandotherlearninmethodssothatstude打tscomletethe化achingg,pgtasksandachieve化achingoalsinthecooerationbetweenteachersandstudentsorgp,studentsandstudents.Theconceptofinteractive化achingmodeareeswithChi打asgcurrenttheoryofqualityeducationandnewcurriculumreform.Inviewofthis,itisnecessary化applyinteractive化achingmethod化grammarteaching.Inviewofthedeficiencyoftraditionalrammartranslation化achinmethodwecanmakearoategg,pppriadustmentsandreforms.Teacheirsnoto打ly化achthesstematiclanuaeknowlede,jygggsothatstudentsaccuratelrasthelanuaeofthefbrmandflinctionbutalsoygpgg,*improvestudentsabilitytouselanguagethroughflexibleanddiverseinteractiveactivities.1.2TheSinificanceof化eStudgyBased0打theabovecontentusininteractive化achinmethodtocarrout,ggyefectivefotureexiressionsteachingi打uniorhischoolhasthefollowinimortantpjghgpsignificance.Firstofallthemostimortantsini打canceofthisstudis化helstudentsmaster,pgypthefutureexre巧ionsandimrovetheab"itoflanguaeuse.Grammarenetratesinppygpiseni打seakinreaandwriin.heude打maserenourammarltgdintOnlytsttsth,pg,ggggknowledgecanreallyimprovetheefficiencyofEnglishlearning.Ifteacherst:eachgrammarrulesmechanically化studentsstude打tswillloseinte化StinlearninEnKsh.,ggThroughtheinteractive化achi打gmethod化achersamoreatentio打totheinteraction,pyw,iththestudentsandthe化achi打formis打ex化lewhichcanarousethestudents,g,ttinerestinlearninhelsude打ts化laasolidfoundationanddeee口化eunderstanding,pypgoffutureexre巧ions.Atthesame巧meteachersandstudentsalsoleamfromeachotherp,andmakeprogresstogetherinthisinteractionrocess.Inthisway,weca打enhancethepistudentsability化uselanuaeandimrovetheualityofEnlisheducation.ggpqgSeco打dlitisimortantforstude打ts化exlore化eirowncrtentialandcultivatey,ppp化eirculturalualit.Theinteractive化achi打methodadvocatesthat化achinshouldqyggtakethestudentsasthecenterandfullymobilizetheenthusiasmofthestudents,sothat3 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文theycanactivelarticiatei打theeverlinkof也eclassroomteachin.Teacherscreateyppygalivelyand杠eeleaminenvironmentandteachinatmoshereandstudentsbecome呂gp,mastersoflearningandclassroomactivities.InadditioninteractiveCachinreuires,gqteacherstogivefullplaytotheleadingroleinteaching.Undertheguidanceofteachers,thepotentialofstudentsisfullytapped,sothatstudentscanbeterund知stand*化themselvesandacceptthemselves.Therefoieintherocessofachininteractionon,pg,theonehanditishelfulforstudents化intemali之ewhatthehavelearned化theirown,pyknowledgestructureenhancethesubectivityofstudentsivefulllatothe,gy,jpsubectiveinitiativebecomethemasteroftheclassroom1;eachi打anddevelotheir,gpjse打seofcooperationandlearningability;Ontheotherhand,i打theprocessofgrammarleami打gstudentsdeeentheunderstandi打oftheEnlishlanuaeandthediferences,pggggoflanguageandculturebetwee打ChinaandWesterncountry,cultivate化econsciousnesstoleamandmasterthetargetlanguaeandthesensitivityofcultureandleam化usegEnglishtoexpressChineseculturesothatbecomelanguagetalentswithbilingualabUity.FinallythestudofinteractivebachinmethodinuniorhihschoolEnlish,ygjggfutureexpressio打s化achingisconducivetocreate过democraticandharmoniousclassroomatmosphere.Undertheinfluenceofgoo过environment,teachersmakestudentsleamandalyknowledgeinatolerantunderstandinharmoniousandpp,g,mo'democraticatsphere.Frequentexchangesandcommunicationofteachersandstudentsarebeneficialfortheteachers化obtaintimelyfeedbackinformation,,understandtheroblemsexi巧ininthedevelomentofstudentslearninsothat1:eachpgpgstudentsi打accordancewiththeiratitudeachieveteachingoalsandimrovethep,gpbachingefectandeficieiicy.Thestudaimstofindoutwhatbachinmethodoloiescanbeapplied化futureyggexressionsteachingwhetherinteractiveteachinmethodcanbealiedtoEnlishp,gppg,futureexpre化ions化achingandknowthestudentsattitudeAwards化e化achinmethod.gThisresearchalsoprovidesomesuestio打sforEnlishlearnersEnlish化achersandggg,gtextbookcomeersthattheshouldayatention化thesubtlediferencesoffuturepypknseexpressionsandprovidesuficientcontextualknowledeinut.gp4 ChaterOne虹troductionp^1.3Oianizationof化6ThesisgThefirstartofthisaeristheintroductionwhichbrieflintroducestheresearchppp,ybackgroundsignificanceandtheoverallstructureofthethesis.Thesecondartisabout,pthedcfinitio打andliter过torereviewofftiturcexp化巧io打s,thegrammartranslationCachinmethodand也einteractiveteachinmethodaswellas化etheoreticalbasisofgg,theinteractive化achingmethodincludinthesocialinteractio打theorand,gyCO打*structivi巧learningtheor.Thethirdartistheresearchdesinincludingiesearchypg,uroseobectstoolsroceduresanddatacollectio打.Thefourthartisdataanalsis.pp,j,,ppyThedatacollectedfromtheexperimentresultsisanalyzedincludintheresultsofa,gquestionnairesurveyanalysisandtestresultsanalysis,andtheauthordescribestheftitureexrcssio打teachingmethodindetailinbo也化eexerimentalclassandcontrolppwtclasmlehefindsalitonsoftissudsclassihssaps.Tingndimpcaihtyareummarizedinthisart.Thefifthartisconclusionwhichis化eoverallanalsisandexositionofhispp,yptpaper.Thelastartisreferencesandaendix.ppp5 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文Cha化rTwoLiteratureReviewpThisstudyexploresfeas化。ityandefectivenessofinteractive化achi打gmethodinCachingfuturetensebasedontheanalysisoffuturetenseexpre巧ionsthroughcomparativeanalysisofinteractive化achinge化odandrammartranslatio打化achinmggmethod.Inorder化ustithealicationofthismethodfromtheoreticalfoundationjfypp,化eauthorivesabriefintroductionofsomerelatedtheories.Suortedb化emaorgppyjtheoriestheefectivenessofi打teractiveteachinmethodi打Cachinfutureexressions,ggpwasinvestigated.2.1FutureTenseorFutureExpressionsDividedbtime,therearethreete打sesi打Englishwhichareast化nseKsenty,p,ptenseandfuturetense.Inthethreetensesfuturetenseisasecialone.Inrammar,pg,化打seis过cateorythatlocatesasituationintime.Asectisarammaticalcateorthatgpggyexresseshowanactioneventorstatedenotedbverbrelates化theflowoftime.Inp,,y,fact,futuretenseisdifferentfrombothpasttenseandresenttense.Futureisuncertain.p*'Wekker(1976)definestheexpressionoffuturetimeastheexpressionofthe,化mporalrelationshipofosteriorit(Uaterthanrelative化themomentofutteranceorpy)"someotherreferencepoint.Theideaisbasedontimeviewa打ditmaybelon化化eg"cateoryoften化.Mhill1992indicatesthatt:ensebasicallrefers化thetimeatgy()y"whichtheactio打orstatereferred化bytheverbisasserted化hold.Leech1975also()usaesaneweundersandecorresondenceweenmofeilltrtthttestthpbettheforth,,verbandourconceptoftime(past,present,orfirture).Nevertheless,Englishverbwh-fbrmsonlyhavepastten化andpresenttenseichwiththesufix乂dandin.This,gmeansthatEnglishhasnotdevelopedauniqueformofverbequalswithasttenseandpresenttense化exre巧future.Comrie口00^classifiesEnlishtensesin化threekindsppg,reo-whichareabsolutetenselativeten化andabsluterelativetense.Heclassifiesfuture,tenseintothecategoryofabsolutetense.Palmer988advocates化aUhereisnofuture。)te打seinE打lishandtherearenomorphemes化denotefuture巧me.Fromhisoi打tofgpviewwillandshallaremorelikemodelauxiliariesinsteadofinflectionalmorhemes.,pAlsouirk9於andHuddleston988insistthat化ereareonltwotensesin,Q^)y)yEnglishwhicharepasttenseandpresentte打se.Englishhasnofuturetensewhich,6 ChaterTwoLUerature艮evpiewmeansthereisnoverbformthatcanberimarilusedinfuturetime化describethepysituatio打inthefuture.虹thecurrentrammarresearch,futurete打seisaconcetthatisgprarelentionedandwillbecl£issifiedintothecateorfmodalitinsometheories.ym,gyoy",,Quirketaiy985)usethetermsofsomemeansofexpressingfuturetimeor",,constructionsexpre巧ingfuturetime化refer化扣turetense.TheybeUevethat扣turity,modaandececeneeaedndcaeefecediefaclityasptarloslyitrrltathisnbrltnthtthat,moda-futuretimeisexre巧edblauxiliariesbsemiauxiliariesorbthesimlepy,y,yp"resentorresentroressiveforms.Fole足Hall"lustratethatE打lishdoesnothavepppgyg(,afuturetensebutusesavarietfrms化talkaboutthefuture.Thechoiceofformofo,ymak泣^ex打an打enonofte打dee打dsonwhe化巧wearei打iedictiorire巧iittiortalki打pgp,pgg,,aboutanarranementintheirworklowgwowGrfl/w/warFole&g(yHall2005Thefollowinisthetwolawsofdevelomentrocessrelevanttofuture,)gpptimeafterthestudyofvariouslanuaeswhichBbee巧al.。994)reveals:ggy■ia.deske>willingness>intention〉predictionb.coula/ossessive>obliation/redesti打atio打>intention>futureppgpFromthesestudieswecanunderstandfutureexressionsasartlmodalit,ppyyincludinwininnessintentionandrediction.gg,pForChinesescholarsthedefinetheusaeof化nsesbasedonthecriterio打化at,ygthereare16tensesinEnglish(ZhangDaozhen,1985;BoBing,1998;BoBing,2000),classifying扣tureexpressionsasftrture化打seinthepast.DiferentfromWesternlinguists,theChine化viewdoesnotseparate化nsefromaspect.However,Zhang""Zhe打bang003viewsfliture化nseasfutureexre巧ionsanddefines化emasmeans口)pofexpressingfuturetime.Fromhisaspectnosuchmorholoicalmarkeras,pg’w>i打flectionalformcanexressfUturete打sebutthisdoes打otmeanthatEnlishhas打op,gabUity化exre巧thefirturedme.pWhetherthereisfuturetenseinEnglishisCO打troversial,mo巧linguistsagree化attheireareways化exressfuturetime.AlthoughmanyhineseEnlish化ache。stillusepCgfuturetenseconcepttheideaoffutureexressio打sismoreaccuratedurinrammar,pgg化aching.Besidesthemostimportantfuturityconstructionswill/shall+innitiveandbefio如gthereareotherwas化exre巧fixturetimerefere打ceinEnlish,g化ypgswchastheprogressive幻spect,thesimplepresenttense,will/shaU+progressive,beto7 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文fivebeaboutto午btjinitivewill/sh幻IIhave+幻別a^icileetc.Leech&,,Ppp,(-Svartv化19^:7173.)1will/shall+innitive()fiThemostcommonlyusedexpressio打iswW抓,whichcontai打sbo化futureandmodality(Leech&Svartvik,1975:71;Huddleston,1988:81).WhenwilldoexpressesfiituretimeitintendsU)expresstheCO打ectureoffuturewhichisnoti打thelan.趴7/麻jptisusuallyusedinconunctio打wihanadverbialclauseoftimeorconditio打化exressjppredictio打Swan1984.Forexample:(,)Youw巧Ipasstheexamioustudyhard.fyWhenitexressesmodalityitrelatescloselU)thesubectCoe1980.Ifthepyj(,)subjectcaninfluenceandchangetheevent,theeventisthereflectionofwillingnessoftilesubectifthesubectcannotinfluenceandchanetheeventwz7/沁isonlasimlej;jg,ypdescriptio打orseculationofthefutureevent?味7//成}canalsoex巧55thehabitualppeseoeamleactionofthsubectClo1975,Frxj(,)p,Mrhitewillsitonthatchairandreadthebookorhoursr.Whiteusuall.W.Myf(does化isin化eastandhewillcontinue化doit.p)fF?//t/ocmibeusedwithalltheenonalsubject.p佛幻//碱containsboththemeaningoffutureandmodality(Leech底Svartvik,1975:71Huddleston,988:81.I打morecaseseoleareusedassubecttoexress;1)ppjpsubectiveintention,especiallywi化化efirstersonsubecttoroviderecommendationsjpjp,iveinstructionsmakeareementsromisesandthreatsuirk1985.Shallisalsocang,g,p(Q,)beusedtomarke巧onalvolUion.Forexamlepp,Weshallensurethatthepartyisheldontimeaccordingtohisphn.(Ibeoin《〇+innUive)figg公e如巧化isusuallusedi打informalsituatio打sorsokenlanuae.InAmericanggypgg""spokenEnglish,go/灼各化isoftenabb巧viatedasgonna(Close,1975)?公e脚內各化hastwomeanins:firturefill行llmentof化eresentand扣tureresultofresentcauseuirkgpp(Q,1985:223,Withlinkinguseofersonalsubectandaentiveverbstheformermainl)pjg,yemphasizesthecloserelationbetweenfutureeventsandresenteventstoexressthepplanandintentionofthesubect.Forexamlepjp,Sheisointolendahueamountomoneytoherbestiend.gggffr8 ChaterTwoLiteratureReviewp'eatercanusedoe-Thlbewithbthisonalsubectand打onersonalsubectandpjpj,expresses化at化erearesignsorindicationsshowingeventsoccurre打cein化efiiture.Atthistimethesubecthasnocontrolovertheevents.Forexamlejp,Itisointorain.ggUnlikew///,护)/內gtoisnotgenerallyusedi打theadverbialclauseofCO打出tion.Theaboutto午innitive()fi,Beabout化doemphasizestheurgencyoffutureevents(Leech足Svartv化,1975;73).Because化expre巧esthemeaningthattheeventshappenverysoon,itcannotbeusedwithtemporaladverbialoffuture.Forexample,’oImabouUoto化cUmovie.g4bek)+ininitive()jtoesameformwtttressesseBedosharesthihheusaethatodoexpuroasgppredicativeandadverbialofwhe打expressingiture.Therefore化沁isalsopfi,calledseudomodalstructure,whichmeanstheevents化atwillhaeninthefuture.pppThisstructureisqukeoftenusedtorefer化afhturearrangementorplan(Quirk,etal.,1985:217),especiallyusedinnewspaperandradio!:〇introduceoficialplans,a*souo打samerranementsandielti.Forexplg,soonHissonistowork."ItalsoCO打tainsthemeaningoffateordestiny.公e化+z>^mY/vei打referring化the"fi*iturealsoconvestheconnotatio打sofieuirementanddestin(Q山rketal.yqy,,1985:218?公e化加is化6onlstructure出aUsusedtoexressfutureac巧onorstate化at)ypsconroeditllbyhuman.5The化ye巧()Thepragrey別Vecanalsobeused化expre巧futuretime.化expresses^'habitualoriterativesituationsandtheanticipatedhaeninsinthefuture.Itreferstoppg,,afiiturehaeninganticiatedintheresentuirk1985:215.Forexamlepppp(Q,)p,Themeetingisbeginningat9:00inthemorning.Itisusuallyusedwithaflrturetimeadverbial化il山stratethattheeventshaenppimmediatelyorin化enearfixture.6Thesimleresent()ppThisstructureisfreuentlusedi打deendentclausesafterconditionalandqyp,temporalconjunctio打ssuchasortoexpressfiitureactionsinEnglish(Q山rk,9 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文1985:215.Forexamle)p,JVewillnototothearkiitrainstomorrow.gpf"The巧/canalsobeusedtorepresentamarkedfutureofunusualdefinitene巧,atributingtothefixturedegreeofcertaintyonenormallyassociateswith"化eresentand化eastuirk1985:215.Forexamlep(Q,)p,pTheroectnishesatertwomonths.pjfif2.2EnlishGrammarTeachinTrendsggBasedonthefundamentalcognitionoffutureexpressions,theauthorexploredmanyearlierKsearcho打languaeCaching.gThenewrammarviewadvocatesthecombinationofmorholosntaxandgpgy,ydiscourserammariddowsonsouaunderstandinoflanuaeg.W1978ointttht()pgggalwaysrequiresustounderstandbeyo打dtheconfmesofsentencesandseegreaterlanguagestructure.Aslanguageusers,wenotonlywriteorsaycorrectsentences,butshouldconsiderhow化useappropriategrammar化organizetheinformation.Thediscoursegrammardescribestheorganizationofthediscourse,thatis,howtocombinethevariouscomponentsofthetextorganicallytoformameaninfuldiscourseCheng(gXiaotan2005.DaiWeidon2005believesthat出scourserammarnotonlrefersg,)g()gy化theconnectionofthe化xtbutalsoincludesthesituationalrammar.Situational,ggrammardeartsfromthetraditionalrammarformandentersaramaticdimensionpgpg,whichrefe巧tothewaythateoleresolvelanuaefromallofthelanguaeformandppgggthecontextofthediscourse.Fromtheperspectiveof姐scourse,contextisanindispensablefactorin化einterpretationofmeaning.AlentofiresearchinKcentearsshowsthatthelanuaeknowledgeacuirinpyyggqgandthelanguageknowledgelearninghaveinterface.Thewaytoachieveinterfaceistomakelearnerspayattentiontothecharacteristicsofthegrammarthattheyneedtoacukethroughclassroomteachingorrealcommunicativeactivities.Pienemann1984q()conductedanempiricalstudyofEnglishlearnerswhosemothertonguewasGermanandfoundthatalthouhtheseuenceoflanuaeacuisitioncouldnotbechanedgqggqg,grammar1;eachi打gcouldacceleratetheacquireofsomerammarstructures.Thereforeg",,heraisesteachabilityhypothesis.Theresearchrovesthatiflearnersaatentio打化ppythecharacteristicsoframmarthattheneedtoacuirethewillraisetheawarenessofgyq,y10 ChaterTwoLiteratureReviewptherammarcharacteristics.Theninthefollowinlanuaei打uttheywillfindandggggpnoticethesegrammarcharacteristicsmoreeasil.Theinterfacetheoryexlainswhypyi打lssrisfectivi打打lcim:learninglangu泣gccaoommoweethantheaturarcustancesbecauseclassroomlearnershavetwodiferentapproaches化extendandacquiresstematicknowledeThelanuaeknowledecanbeextendeddireclhrouhtheyg.gggtytgacuishio打environme打tprovidedi打sideandoutsidetheclassroom.Basedonthoseqresearchworkstheseco打dlanuaeteachinfieldhasnitionoframmar,ggganewcogg化achinandbeins化robeanefectivearoachofcombininrammar化achi打andg,gpppgggcommunicativemethods.Intraditionallanguageteadii打geolebelievethataslonasstudentsmaster化e,ppgvocaburandrammarruesshisacuiredheeuaerammarawlayglEnli.Ttbilityi化,gqyqglanguageabilitywi化outconsideri打communicationabilit.P化se打trammarteachingygg‘h4empasizes化atteachersshouldaddcommunicationactivitiesin化eteachingrocessofprammarrulesoraddrammarrules化achini打therocessofcommunicationg,ggpexercisessothatbalancetheabilitcultivation:rovideconsiderations化both,yp-grammarrulesleami打呂andusi打glanuageab";t.Theuroseofstructuretaskgypp化,achingmodeis化enhancestudentsCO打sciousdereeoflanuaeforms.Meanwhileggg,thesetasksarecommunicativebecauselearnersshouldtakeartinthecommunicationp?,thatmainlbasedo打meani打llisrooseshreeesasks:^yg.E(2003)ppttypoft-structurebasedroductivetaskunderstandintaskandthetaskofenhancinp,gg-consciousne巧?Structurebasedroduc巧vetask打eedsU)usetaretlanuaetocomletepgggpurecommunicationactivities.Thematerialofthetaskisnotconfined化thepgrammaticalfbrm.Leame巧have化usestructureoftarg巧language化complete化etask.Understandingtaskistomakelearnersnoticeandunderstandthegrammarformshewe-destrough化llignedinutmaterials.Usually也einutmaterialscontainacertainppamountofstimulus,whichrequires化elearnerstomakeappropriaterespo打ses.Thetaskofenhancinconsciousnessreuireslearnerstousestructureoftaretlanuaetogqgggcomplete化etaskinatotallydominantway.Grammarformsarethecontentof化etask.Thiskindoftasksfirstlyrovidelearnerswithexamlesofgrammarstructuresoftaretppglanguage,and化enrequireleame巧tograsp化esestructuresandinfersomerulesfromthem.RodEllis1999raisesarammarteachinrocess:rovidesuficient()ggpp11 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文comprehens化leinputandinstructstude打ts化ob化rveandpayatentio打化化egrammaticalfeaturescontainedinthecontextanddotheinductionandsummarythen,-practiceanduse.Someresearchersroposeinputorientedgrammarteachinwhichpg,"化",mainlyCO打ductrammarachinthrouhenhancinlearnersconscious.Basedonggggtheformmeaninandcomrehensio打anduserammarCachinincreasestheamoun,g,gtpgof化elanuaeinformatio打inutemhasize化erocessoflanuaeleaminsothat,pg呂ggppg,makelearnersrecognize化eregularityoflanguageintheprocessofCO打silentlycontactingandusi打glanguage,internalizethegrammarknowledgetolanguageabUityandhelstudentsachievethesmoothtransitionfromrammartolanuaesensepg.ggAlsothedeductivemethodandinductivemethodareimortantrammar化achin,pggmethod.Thedeductiveteachingmethodreliesonreasoning,analyzingandcomparing.,Theexlanationsareoftendonei打化estudentsnativelanguageanduserammaticalpgterms.Sometimes,comparisonsaremadebetweenthe打ativelanguageandtargetlanguageorbetwee打thenewlyresentedstructureandpreviouslylearnedstructures.pFinally,studentspracticeapplyingtherule化producesentenceswithgive打prompts.化teachesrammarinanisolatedwaandracticeisoftenmechanical.Howeveritcouldgyp,savelimewhenstudentsareconfrontedwithgrammarralewhichiscomplexbutwhichhas化belearned.Intheinductivemethod,the化acherprovideslearnerswithauthenticlanguagedataandi打duces化elearnerstorealizegrammarruleswithoutanyformofexicitexanaion.lieverueswiecomeeevenistsplpltItisbed化atthelllb化idtf化eudentareivenenouhapproriateexamples.ggpTherammartranslationteachinmethodandtheinteractiveteachinmethodaregggmai打化achingmethodscurrentlbothathomeandabroad.In化efollowintheauthoryg,willdiscussbothofthemethodsandtheircharacteristics.2.3TheGrammarTranslationTeachinMethodgAnyEnglish化achingmethodis过productio打化ataimstoachievesomecertain化achingobjectivesundercertainhistoricalconditions.Theteachingmethodshavetheirtheoreticalandracticalbasisforemerenceexistenceanddevelomentandcloselpg,pyrelate化thesocialdevdoe打ttheuroseoflearninaforeinlanuaetileoularpm,ppgggg,ppphilosophicalthinkingandrelevanttheories.Thegrammartranslatio打化achi打gmethodhasthelo打gesthistorya打dmostprofoundi打fluenceo打foreig打languageteaching.Itis12 ChaterTwoLiteratureReviewpstillintheascendancywhichisuseduiteoftenandsuccessfull.,qyAccording化DictionaryofLanguageTeachingandAppliedLinguistics^-whGrammartranslationmethodichisalsocalledrammartranslation化achinmethod,gg,refers化amethodofteachinaforeinlanguaeorasecondlanuaewhichisakindggggg,of化achingactivitymainlybasedontranslationandgrammarlearning.Zhang"Jianzhong1983ivesitasimledefinitionwhichisamethodofteachinaforein()gp,gg*anuaenamoeronue/eramarransaneacmeodfirstaearedlggithtgThmtltiothinthggpp^inEuroeinthelateeihteenthcentur.Atthattimeeolesteachinurosewaspgy,ppgppmainly化leamwrittenLatinand巧ad。化ratu巧,and化exewisemindthroughthelogicalanalysisofLatingrammarandmemoryofthegrammarrulesand化emorholoicalchanes.Theearliestadvocatesof化ismethodareJohannValentinpggMeidingerandJohannChristianPickZhenHoninYanXu2006.This化achin(ggpg,g,)gmethodencourages化achers化usemothert:ongue化teachforeignlanguages,which种emphasizesthecentralpositionofmechanicalpracticeandgrammar.Itisbasedontranslatio打andgrammar化achin.Themai打aroachisrammarlearnin.Thegppgg,rammartranslation化achinmethodaysatention化thecultivatio打ofstudentsggpreadingandtranslationabilitandmemoroframmarrulesandvocabularin化eyygyachnrocessma打usesmoeronueasrere打cessemcondc化ig.Itilthtfettouct化ahinpygygS*爲(tem1999.Learnersmasterfbieinlanuaethrouhie打toftranslationexercises,)ggggpyandrecitinggrammarrules,neglectingthecultivationofpronunciationandcommunicativeability.Learnersdonothavemanyoortunities化usetaretlanuaeppgggactveily.Theaimoftraditionalrammartranslation化achinethodisk)readandtranslateggmthearticlei打targetlanguagerapidlyandcorrectl.The化achincontentislanuaeyggge*knowledg.Themainclassroomactividesare化ieadthetextaloudwordbywordandsentencebysentenceanalzeandexlainthewordmeaninrammarformand,ypg,gsentencestructureinthetextanddothetranslation.Theteachinmodeloftherammargg'-aime---trnslato打teachingthodisIeadinganalyzingtranslatingexplaini打gKciti打g(Luo""Lsheniaoiamaineshree-eeachinigShiX2004.Itluststat:exlainin,j,)yggpg*--M(translatin)readinracdci打inShuie2004.I打化eclassteachers巧istreadtheggpg(gj,,)texthenanalze化erarofsentenceinhetextexlainandtranslatesene打ceb,tygmmat,pty化ntencebasedo打thesentencestructureandgrammarphenomenon.Leame。Kci化13 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文vocabularyandgrammarrules.Taki打ggrammarrulesascriterio。,learnersca打analyze化elanuagehenomenoni打化etextandunderstand化econtentof化etextbasedo打gptheirmotherIan呂uage.Thegrammartranslationt:eachin呂methodproposesthatlearnersdeveoheirinkinabUiandkmertheirwillowerthrouhundersandinandlptthgtyppgtgmemorizi打ggrammarknowledgeinforeignlanguageCachingprocess.Learnerscanunderstandthecontentoforiginalworksandachieveforeignlanguageacquisitionbygrammaranalysisandbilingualtranslatio打(MingShujie,2004).Thismethodemphasizeslanguagelearningshouldbeaccomplishedbymemorizinggrammarrulesandvocabularyandstudinandracticindurintranslationandexercises.ygpggGrammartranslation化achingmethodhasitsadvantages.Itisconvenient化conductandcontroltheteachingrocesswithouttoomuchlanguaeequiment.Thepgpkstmethodisi打tuitive.。producesthedesiredresultquickly,andhelpslearnersmastersystematicrammarknowledgeandreachacertai打levelofreadinandtranslating.gg,mo"Meanwhileusi打thertonuetoteachcanreducet;eacheiressuresavetimeof,ggsp,classroomteachingandimrovetheteachinefficienc.pgyHoweveritalsohassomedisadvantaes.。astoomuchate打tiontoknowlede,gpyg-teaching.Theclassisteachercentered.Learnersreceiveknowledgepassivelandhaveynotenouhchanceofpractice.TheteachinmethodissinletheCachinrocessisggg,gpboring,theteachingstepsare打xed,andtheclassatmosphereisdepressing,whichm,akesthelearnersi打terestnoteasy化bearoused.Grammartranslation化achingme化odreuireslearnerstomemorize泣largenumberofborinanddisorderedrammarqggrulesandvocabularyandursuelanuaeaccuracwhichmakeslearnersfeeltiredpggy,(Brown,1994).Simultaneously,teachersuse化eirmo化ertonguetoteach,whichisnotCO打ducive化theconstractio打ofthetar巧languaeenvironment.Grammartranslationggbachingethodutsemphasisuontheexlanatio打andanalysisoframmarrulesandmpppgtranslationracticeanddonotatachimortancetothetraininofcommunicationppg(especially"sterlingandspeakingskills)(ZhangL化ua^2003).化neglectsnecessarypronunciatio打andintonationteachinandig打oresleame如requirementofsokengp^English,whichhindersthedevelopmentoflearnersspeakingabilitandthecultivationy,ofleameirslanguageexpressio打ability.Inaddition,becau化oftheemphasiso打theaccuracoflanuaelearnerswillhesitatebeforetheseaksothatrammar,yggyp,gtransao打化achi打methodrecesefluencofseakinlanuaefocuseso打eltigduthyg.Itthpgg14 Cha化rTwoLi化ratureReviewprammarruesandneeclanuaesklsandheconexoflanuaesohatearnersglgltsggiltttggtl,cannotusethevocabularyandgrammarrules化eyhavelearnedcorrectlyinrealcominunicativesituation.Atthesametime,translatio打isthekeyointofthis化achinpg^methodanditisnotconducivetocultivatestudentsthinkinandcommunicative,gaWlityinEnlishbmeansoftranslationalone.gy2.4TheInf;eractiveTeachingMethod2.4.1乂nOverviewoftheResearchThrouhout出ehistoryofEnlishteachininteractiveteachinwasroosedggg,gppfirstlbforeineducatorsandwkh化edevelomentofrelevanteducationtheoriesyygp,continuouslybesulementedandimroved.Educatio打exertsinChinaalsoconductappppreatdealof巧化archoni打化racdve化achingmethodandmakecontributio打化thegdevelopmentofinteractiveteaching.""TheCO打ceptofi打teractive化achingcanbetracedback1:01970s,whichwasroosedbBrownandPalincsarandwascanonizedbWesterneducators.Theppy,yy,believethatthisis汪teachinmodewhichaimstocultivatelearnersabilityofselfgstudy.民umelhartproposesinteractivemodei打1977andherecommendsimproving,studentsreadincomrehensio打throuhinteractivemethods.Asabeinninofth琴gpgggresearchofinteractive化achinalicationwadinrovidessinificantbasisoftheorgpp,gpgyandractice.Themai打advocateofinteractive化achingisRiverswho也inks也atp,interactiveactivitiesshouldenetratethrouh化ewholeroce巧ofEnlishlanuaepgpgggteaching.InthisrocessteachersshouldivefUlllatotheinitiativeroleofstudentsp,呂ypy,guidestudents化use化elanuae化eylearned化themaximumexl:entcreatereatgg,ge打vironmentandrovidesuficientoortunitiesforstudents化learnlanuae.Inpppggrecentyearsundertheinfluenceofconstructivismandcommunicativetheoran,y,interacdve化achingmodebasedo打也escafoldinginstructionhasappeared.According化Nunna。99:2),thetraditionalteachingmode,whichismainlycharacterizedby*knowledeinutisbei打relacedb江moieactiveandflex化leteachinmode.gp,gpygStudentsare化eri打cialartofeducationactivitiesandteachersareresearchersandpppinstructorsi打thismode.Ellis(1991)alsopointsoutthati打thepastdecades,manyteachingmodeswhicharesimUartointeractiveteachingmethodhaveappeared,and15 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文,thisisabigchangeofforeignlanguageCaching.Peoplesattentio打begantotransformfromthefbrmsandresultsoflanuae化thefunctionoflanuaegggg.CurrentforeigninteractiveCachingmodechanesthesituatio打oftraditionalgt---eachingmodeswhicharete:achercenteredmaterialcenteredandclassce打tered.The,roleofteacherandstudentshaschangedalot.Teachersshouldbeanorganizer,cnittoi打strutorromterarticiantfacilitatorandinsimtio打besidesaniiar.Students,p,p,ppparenolongerpassiveknowledgerecipients,butthemai打subjectoflearningactivitiesandtheadven-turerofknowledge.TeachingshouldbesUidentce打tered.Inthettinteractionrocessteachersrovidemoreoorunitiesforstudents化ariciateinp,pppppCachinactvtes打cassandromotestuentst:oCO打structledeactvegiiiilpdknowgilybytmuliplesituationalactivities.I打thehistoryofeducaticminourcountrthetradkional化achinmodeholdsthey,gdominantpositionintheclassroomteachinginmiddleschoolinourcountry.However,astimeoesby,thedrawbacksofthetraditionalCachinmodeisbecomi打moreandgggmoreobv*Cachouseoeareains打otust江rocessoai.Ppliealizingthtgipfimprtingjknowledgetostudents.Theprocessofstudentsmasteringknowledgeautonomouslyismorevital.Thereforemaneducaorsinourcountrarecommited化theimrovemen,ytytpoftraditionalteachingandconductmandiscussionsontheinteractivebachinmethodygappearedinrecentyears."DongYanthinksthatinthereadingprocess,teachersshouldfbcuso打the,mb-coinationofknowledgeinstude打tsbrai打andthetextsemantics.Withtietodownp-modesmeandbotomu化achin化achersuseinteractive化achi打thodtoenhancepg,g,"studentsreadingabilitandskills.LuoRon2002elaborateshowtouseinteractiveyg(),teachingmethod化enhancestudentsreadingabUityandskillsin欠e仿況>2gMo戒口打’’C0//ege化y片幻成巧Tfeac/HKg.Althoughthis化achingmodeisfirstlyusedinchn巧adede*teaiginbutEnlishknowlisinterlinked.Wecannotieadwithoutg,ggknowinggrammar.Therefore,thekeytothestudyishowtousethismethodtoteachgrammar.Chen%ig1996follafirms化eimortantroleofameactivitinclassroom()ypgy化aching.Shethinksthatstudentscanacqukeknowledgeandenhanceabilityininterne巧veames.Teache。shouldencouragestudents1:oarticiateininteractiveclassgppactivitiesositivelandcreatevividandviorousclassatmoshereforstudentstolearn.pygp16 ChaterTwoLiteratureReviewp"LiuRuninandDaiManchunbelievesthatinteractiveteachingme化odisaqgsden-teremodewhcsheudenashemainarhtutcend化achi打gihtaketsttsttteteachersp,methodoft-astheleadinartandemhasizestheteachinwowacommunicationgp,pgy,,betwee打studentsandkachers.LiuRuninDaiManchun,2004Sothiski打dof(qg,)eachme*tingthodplaysemphasiso打theexchangeofinformatio打andCO打sideisclasstcachi打grocessasadynamiccommunicativeroccss.pp2.4.2TheDeflnitionandCharac化risticsofInteractiveTeachinMethodg""Interactivewhichwasfirstlusedintheinformationrocessinofcomuteris,,ypgpacomuter化rm.Dataistransferredfromonecomuterterminal化anothercomuterppprmnaleohercomuererminaconsherocessofthenaaandna化i.Thtpttlducttpip山dtfilly化eneededinformationisreturnedto化ecom山erterminal.Thisrocessiscalledpp""nteracver-comuerineracionoweverwi化deeundersa打dnitiohumanpttt.Htid,pg卿-、-味出scu巧ionofinteractio打CO打ceteolehaveanewconitio打ofdefinitionofp,ppg"化化ainteraction.Theyroose化atthermcanbeintroducecl化chin.Interactionisdieppgi打fbrmationcommunicationbetweenthesenderandthereceiverso化atinteraction,exi巧si打variousformsof化achinactivities.Infactinteractionisoneofthebasicg,charac化risticsinCachingactivitieswhereasindifere打t化achinforms化ewaandg,y"托a"turesitresentsareverdifeient.(CaiXian2001py,)"巧Theconcetofi打teractive化achincanbetracedback化1970swhichwaspg,roposedbyBrownandPalincsarwhoarefamouseducatio打alscholoistsinAmerica.ppyg"’Theybelievethatteachingshouldbeaprocessthatcultivatestudentsleami打gabilitybasedonthescafolding化achinthatstudentscontinuouslyCO打struct化em化Ivesandgche*化arssuortstude打ts化continuouslCO打structthemselves.Therefoie化achinppy,gsht-ouldbestudencenteredandmakestudentschangefromtheassivereciientsofpp"externastmuato打化themainartofinformatio打rocessin.LiWeuanlilii2010ppg(j,),Thisinteractive化achi打gmodewillplayaprincipalroleinimprovingstudentslanguagelearningability.Allwrihtthinksthattheclassroomteachinrocessisaninteractionrocessggppbeteot-waweenpple.DouglasBrownbelieves化at化ecoreofinteracionistwoy"communcaonlisrooeshanteracdonisuterance化ateconsucediti.Elsttibtrtbbothppy巧learnersandseakers?(FenYin2010Seakersconve化emessaeandthepgg,)pygtttetontantlisenersreceivehemessage.Throughhinformairsferringandintenion17 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文imderstandinbetwee打thetwoeolecanachievetheuroseofcommunication.呂pppp"TanPengointsoutl:hatinteraction,isU)communicatewitheacho也erleamwithp,eachotherandi打spirewitheachother.Atthebeginningofaclass,interactio打istomakestudentsknowaboutandbefamiliarwitheacho化er,and化raisesomeuestionsqforstudents化discussandexplore.Actuallymanysuccessfiil化achingmethods,suchas-mucaseanalzin化achinme化odseminarandsituatio打alsilationareenetratedygg,,,p"wUhtheuidinideologyofinteractive化achinmethods.TanPen2009ggg(g,)"ZhaoMinnaroosesthatinteractive化achinmodeisaninteractiveteachinppggmethodthatbasedonideologyofscaffoldinandconstructedwiththebackgroundofgcommunicatio打betweent:eacherandstudents.Theaimofinteractive化achingistoconstructalearningatmospherewithmutualrespecttrustandarittoachievea,py,-communweentwowayicationbetteachersandstudentsthroughcommunicationand^listenintodeeentheunderstandinofthenewconcetincoerativelearnin/g,pgpopgZhaoMinna2004(,)YangGuandonbeUevesthatinteractiveteachinis江teachinmethodolothatgggggyeacherands-ttudentsconducttwowaycommunicationinordertoexlorearesearchp,,subectbasedonteachersteachingactivitiesands化de打tslearninactivitiesunderajgcertainteachingbackground,suchasproblemsituation,roleplayorgrouplearning.He,propo化sthatthepresuppositio打ofteachersfullyplayingtheroleofinteractiveteachinis化createeficientCachincontextandemhasize化esinificanceofggpgteachingcontext.""Tosumup,nomaterhowtodefine,interactionisprincipal.Meanwhile,as过-化achingideolothatemhasizesstudentcenterandindeendentinteractiongypp,neraceeachnsve巧edneachnrsStdvtigidiifiitifom.gAremarkablefeatureoftheinteractiveteachingmethodisthetransformationofthe-roleofthe1;eachersandstudents.Diferentfromthetraditionalteachercenteredandmateria^centered化achingmethods,interactive化achi打gmethodfocu化son也edomi打antandini巧ativeroleofstudentsandleadingroleofteachers.Stude打tsbecome,f*themasterolearnina打d1g:eacheispromotestudentsautonomouslearningas泣instructor.Teachersandstudentsdependo打eachotherandinteractwitheachother.Throughreasoning,discussing,debating,problemssolving,roleplayandsoon,differentthoughtscollidefiercely.Studentscanlearnfromeachotherandstrengthenthe18 Ch化rTture民evawoLkeraiewpunderstandingofknowlede.gInCachinrocess1;eachersshouldachievethefollowinrinciles:打rstgp,gpp,stude-neredrinileichconfomenntcetcwhrms!hedlodsofduipp:〇tevettrenecaton,p;secondracticalitrinciple.Teacherscanconductroulearninandcooerative,pypgpgplearning化trainstudentsimrovintheirlanuaelearninab化tyandcultivate1:eampggggsiritinracticethirdoennesrincil.Theueionsandthedesiclass,sestnofpp;pppqgactivitiesshouldbeorigi打alandinsightfiil.Meanwhile,kachersshouldCKateloo化andcomfortablelearningatmosphereselect化achinmaterialscareflillandbuildu,gypharmoniousrelatio打shipbetweenteacherands化dents.Theinteractiveteachingethodisinlinewiththedevelomenttre打dofmodemmp化achinwhichnolonerinculcateknowledetostudentsmechanicallbutusing,ggyg’interactive化ols化inspiretheleami打i打itiativeoftheleam巧sandcultivatestudentsgabofsef-arnnandenilitlleithirealizethe幻exibletransferofknowledetyg.He打cehe,g,interactive化achinghasabroaddeveloentfiiturebutitstillneeds1:0becarriedcmapm,mowthorouh化eoreticalandracticalKsearchsothattheadvantaesofthe化achingpggmodecanbecarriedforward.2.43TheTheoreticalBasisof虹化ractiveTeachingMe化odIn1960s,Bandura,whoisthefounderofsociallearningtheoryandapsychologist如inAmericaroosedrecirocaldeterminism.Heisaainstenvironmentaldeterminism,pppgi打behaviorismandersonaldeterminisminhumanism.Hethinks化atindividualandpenvironmentalfactOKcannotlayanindeendentrole.Heointsoutthatindividualppp,environmentandbehaviorarem加aaldecidedandmutualinfluenced.Theyfbrmaternar巧lationmode.yFirstBandurabeliev巧thatenvironmentisaotentialfactorindeterminin,pgbehaviornvironmenisthesourceofberandlasalinroler.Ethavioeadofbehavio.,pygT,heua化ofteachi打environmentmahaveimactonstudentsleaminbehavior.qygyp呂Th*erefbre化acheisshouldcreateositiveleami打environmentandchanethe,pgg>potentialositiveimactof出6environmentink)thestudentsactuallearninbehaviorppgininteractive化achin.Secondhumanandenvironmentinteractio打decidesbehavior.g,Theoccurrenceofbehaviorisnotustafec化dbytheenvironment.Itmustbeunder化ejconitiveuidanceofconsciousindividuals化conductabehavior.Humanisdiedirectggcarrierand化eowersourceofbehaviorInteractio打betweenhumanandenvironmentp19 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文,determinespeoplesbehaviorchoiceandbehaviorway.Therefbreitisnecessar化,ymroveeindividuaconitio打levelandabiliand化einitiativechoicefindividualip化lgtyo化theenvironment.I打theteachi打rocess化achersshoulduidestudents化establishgp,g*thecorrectviewoflifeandvaluecultivateasoundeisonalitandenhancetheability,pyof-distinuishinbetwee打rihtandWTO打andantiinterferenceThirdbehavioristhe.gggg,interactio打efectofthethreefac化rs.O打theonehand,behaviorise打eratedbythegtnviineractio打between化ehumanand化eeronment.On化eo化erhand化enew,behaviorisproducedby化einteractio打among化eindividual,化eenvironmentand化eacuisitio打behavior了heCO打tinuousinteractio打betwee打thethreeromtsfurtherq?ppCO打solidaticmcorrectionandimrovementofbehavior.So1;eachersshouldcorrectl,pygrasptheefectof也esUideirts,化achinenvironmentandlearninbehaviorsothattoggtstrengthenandromotehelearninbehaviorofstudentscontinuously.pgItcanbesee打化at化edevelopmentofstudentsis化eresultof化einteractionofsubectfactortheindividualbehaviorandtheenvironment.Ifeducatorscanivefullj,gtla化theineractio打betweenthethreefactorsitwillefectivelromotesthehealthpy,ypydeve*lomentofstudentsifanasectofthethreefactoisoawrorowronitisp;ypgygg,easy化makeeducatio打misunderstandingandafectthehealthydevelopmentofstudents.Consequently,according化thistheory,undersomeclassteachingsituation,thee*raceweencersanenuchaseontheconeninttionbt化ahdstudtssisearchttofthestud,,ysituatio打reproductio打andemotio打exchange,canmakethelearnersinteractwith,leami打gconte打tandgeneratelearningbehaviorsoas化stimulatelearnersintereistinearnnre打forcentan过ateachinoashenteractionoceligilearnigefecchievel.Tirss,ggp,cantbeseparatedfromtheenvironmentbackground,whichcanhaveimpacton过individuals.Onlyi打teractinginspecificenvironmentcanefectivelyachievethepurposeofinteractio打andpromcrtetheoccurrenceandconsolidatio打ofin出vidualbehavior.Constructivistlearnintheoris江oulartheorcurre打tl.Piaetwasconsideredgyppyygtheproposer.Meanwhile,constructivi巧learningtheoryisdevelopedbyDewey,Vygotsky,Bruner,Kohlberg,Ausubelandsoon.Constructivistlearningtheoryadvocatesthatlearningisaprocessofactiveconstructionoflearnerswhichshouldbeaccomlishedbthemselvesoritwillbe,py20 ChaterTwoLiterature民eviewpdificulttocomletetheCO打structio打activityandachieveconstructionoals.Learnerspg打doedtartitheleami打rocesssenotassivelaccettheknowlehat化achersimbutgppyp,pgin过certainculturalcontext,constructknowledgeactivelyandselectivelwiththehdypofo化ers.Meaninconstructionmu巧beadustedandmodifiedcontinuouslinordertogjybeintemali之edinto化eknowledgestructureofthelearners.Theexternalinformatio。itselfhasnomeaning.Meaningisconstructedthroughtherepeatingandovonicoctersameinteractionressbetweenhenewand化eoldlanuaeblearn.At化estimepggy,化eCO打stmctionoflearnersisdiverse,whichisafectedby化eoriginalexperience,interestandhobbiesconitivestructureintellectuallevellearninmotivationandso,,g,go打.Constructivismlacesemhasiso打theoriinalexeriencesofthelearnersandppgpbelievesthatlearnersetrichsocialexeriencesintheirdaillifeandcommunicationgpy,andformtheirownuniqueviewso打diferentthingsandhenomena.Teachinshouldpgmakefulluseof化eoriginalexperienceofthelearnersinsteadofignoring化em.,Teachersneed1:0listen化studentsideasandknowwhattheyarethinkingreard,g,studentsrichlifeexperie打cesanduniq口eexplorationactivitiesasimportantteachingmaterialsandu化themi打化achinractice.Whileenrich化ebachincontentbachersg,pgshouldguidestudentstograduallyenrichtheirunderstandingandconstruct过moire争reasonableandaccurateconitivestructure.g,Co打structivismadvocatesthatstudentsinteractio打activitiescannotbeseparatedfromsocialracticebutconducti打也esociallifeandhumancommunicatio打sandfindp,awatosolveroblemsbmutualcommunicationdebatediscussio打andcooeration.ypy,,pThesocialinteractio打betweenstudentscanCO打structalearningrou.Studentsi打thisgplearninggroupcancommunicate,interactandcarryoutvariousactivitiessoastoprovidemorerichlearningresources.Constructivismalsoadvocatessituationallearningandcooperativelearning,usingtheauthe打ticroblemsituationin化achin化cuhivatepg,studentsabilitytouseknowledgetosolvepracticalproblemsthroughcommunicationandcooerationwithothersi打authentictaskactivities.ThisrocessishelfUlforpppstudentstounde巧tand化eformandfUnctio打oflanguagemoredeeplyandmakesstudentsleam化usethelanguagecorrectlyi打diferentsituations,soas化imrovep,studentsabilityofcomprehensivelanguageapplication.erefore-Thi打theteachi打rocessteachersshouldadhere化thestudentcentered,gp,21 陕西师范大学硕古学位论文-and1thteacesource:eacheruidinncileue:hi打rsrelatedtotheauthenticggprip,segsituationtoi打corporatethenewknowled呂eintotheorigi打alknowledgestructurethroughthewayofautonomy,coopemtio打a打di打quiry,toe打ablestude打tstogai打theimderstandinofthemeaningandconstruct化eirownconilivestructure.This化eerggyhasanimortantuidingroleforinteractiveCachin.pgg22 ChapterThreeResearchMethodologyChaterThreeResearchMe化odolopgyInthispart,theauthorintroducestheexperimentalstudyofinteractiveteachingmethodinCachingfutureexpre巧ionsinuniorhihschool.Theexerimentwill1:estjgpwhethertheinteractiveteachinme化odhasthefeas化ilhandefectivenessandgywhetherstudentsacceptthiskachi打gmethod.ThedatawerecollectedbtestsandayquestionnaireandstatisticallyrocessedbySPSS16.0.p3.1ResearchObectivesjThisstudyaims化discusswhether化einteractive化achingmethodismoreefec巧vethanthegrammartranslatio打化achingmethodforthefutureexpressions^learninofuniorhighschoolstudentsandthrouhthisstudtoimrovestudentsgj,gyp,abUityofpracticallanguageusingandpromot:estudentslanguagelearningandcommunication.TheKsearchquestio打sare:(1)Whatinfluencedoestheinteractive化aching,methodhaveonstude打tsE打glishgrammarlearning?Caniteffectivelyimprove,studentsgrammarachievementinuniorhihschool?口)Comaredwi化rammarjgpgtranslatio打teachingmethod,whatadvantaesdoestheinteractive化achinmethodhave?ggDothestudentsacceptit?Doestheirlearninginterestcanbestimulatedbythismethod?3.2ResearchsubectsjTheresearchsubectsofthisstudyarethestudentsinClass8andClass9whichj,aretwoarallelcl娘sesi打Grade8ofGonBeimiddleschoolinZhuHai.Thetotalpg打umberofstudentsis102.Class8has52studentswWleClass9has50studentswho,areattheageof13化15.Theexperimentselec化dClass8asexperimentalclassandClass9ascontrolclass.Thesubectsshare化esamebackrouncii打加di打samejg,gache*化issameclassroomenvironmentandsamemultimedia.Besidestheauthor,,consul化dsome化achersinthisradeandknewthatthestudentsareassined化twoggclassesarbitrarilyaccordin化theiradmissio打scores.Theretestalsoconfirmedthatgptherewerenosignificantdiferencesinlanguageroficiencyofthestudentsi打thetwopclasses.Theycanbeusedtoconducttheexperiment.TheauthorchoosesthestudentsinGrade8becausetheylearnfutureexpressio打si打Grade8.Duringtheexerimenttimep,23 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文theauthorC0打ductedtheinteractive1:eachi打gmethodtobachfutureexpressio打Sinexerime打talclasswhentheyhadE打lishclasseswhilei打CO打trolclasstheauthorusedpg,grammar化anslation化achingmethodto化achfutureexpre巧ionsfrombeginni打g!;〇end.EachEnglishclasslastsfor45minutesandtheclasshourofeachclassisequaleveryweek.Theexerimentisconductedfor3weeks.p3.3ResearchInstrumentTheCachingmateiialusedbytheauthorinthisexperimentisthetextbookGo於r,///IGra庇扔各片^ublishedbPeolesEducationPress.Therearetenunitsi打this(pypbookandeachunitlistsclearlanuaetaretsfimctio打sstructuresandvocabularandgg,g,yhrasesthat打eedtobemastered.EachunithasthecorrespondingrammarandUnit10pgisrelatedtofutureexpressions.Besidesbachingmaterial,inordertomaketheexeriment化suitmo化过ccumvarious巧searchmethodarcu化dsuchste,过p,re-uestionnairetestandosttest.q,pp3.3.1TestTheauthorconductedreIt-tttestseeAendixandosesseeAendixUinp(pp)p(pp)exermenacassandonolclassresecivelheauoreheaathrouhhepitllctrpty.Tthtstdttggresu-ltsofboththere1:estandtheosttestsoastocarryonthenextsteofanalysis.pppTheretest1:estswhetherthestudentsintheexperimentalclassandthecontrolclasspsharenearly出esameleveloflanuaeroficienc.Alsotheretestcanheltheauthorggpy,pp化,see化estudentsmas化rdegreeoffutureexpre巧io打sandthemistakestheyoftenmake-.Theposttestisdesignedforcheckingthelearningeffectofstudentsinexperimentalclassafterconductininteractive化achinmethodsothattorove化eggp打teacivemehodismorfeiveterammartraaeachinirtCachingteectthanhgnsltio打tgmethodin化achingfutureexpressions.Theauthorgetsaclearresultofexperimentbasedtesta-Throo打thedataoftherendtheosttest.elimeallotedfobothofthe1;esttppbecomletedshouldbewithin45minutes.pThequestionsinbothofthe化巧materialareselectedfromthehistoricalSeniorHighSchoolEntrance£xami打ationi打someprovincesandsomeexercisebooksmatchingwiththetextbookssothevalidityandwliabilitareuaranteed.The,ygexaminatio打contentinbothofthe化StCO打tainstheknowledgeointsthatthecriterionp*whforcurriculuminuniorhischoolreuiiesichare幻//+切诉Ve6c饥>2g,jghq,g24 ChaterThreeResearchMethodolopgyto夺infinitivetheroressiveasect,thesimleresent化nse,beto+重11巧非^色,be,pgppp沪",,幻boutto+in/i內Uiveami化eutureexressionsotherehestructure.Inth色尼testpf,f巧"""化efrequencyof抑您化+/挪M化Veisfivetimes,wz7//s片幻//+柳nz你eis'*+''''''elevenimebeabouttoinnitiveisfourtimesbeto+ininitiveisthreetiests,m,fif,'*''m^"''thesimleresenttenseisfivetiestheroressiveasectistwotimesandthepp,pgp""-化Sfwe灼s0从we別rwc化尸eistwotimes.Intheosttthefreue打cof抑/p,qy,""?化,ene如g+切说veissevtimswW/sA幻//+巧舶veistwelvetimes於抑,柳,"",,"abowffo+f打如zVeisthreetimesbeto夺ininitiveistwotimesthesimple柳,f,''''""resenttenseisthreetimestheroressiveasectisfivetimesandtheiturep,pgpfi"expres別cws0/化《化wcfw化istwodmes.Thefrequencyofeachlanuaeointsggp-inbothretestandost化Stisroughleual.Thedereeofthe化Stdificultiseual.ppyqgyq-化mThere化巧andtheosttestsharethesameites.Each化s;tCO打tainsthreetesofppypype-ilfilandsenencerewriinecofeachitemswhicharmultechoiceblanklintt.Thsreo,p,ggart*pinbo化化stsisequal.Thetotalscoieofboth化stsis100points.Therefore,theiresultsof化eexperimentarevalid.3.3.2QuestionnaireAftertheexperiment,theauthorconductedaquestionnaire(seeAppendixIII)surveyintheexerimentalclass.Thisuestionnaireisdesinedtoknowtheracticalpqgpaicanandresulof打eractveach打methodi打nishteininclasroomppltiotsiti化igElachs.ggMoreover,化equestionnaireaimstoknowwhe化er化estudentsaccept化e化achingmethodandwhethertheirleami打i打terestcanbearousedbythisteachi打ethod.了heggmquestionnaireAendixIIIisdesinedinChinese.Itmainltakestheformofthe(pp)gyfive-oaaeunsenoeintLikertscalend化erebasedon化srveitrumtsemldbZhanpyypyygXin(2013).3.4ResearchProcedureThisstudyismainlbased0打theuestionnairesurveandthe化stmethodtocarryqyyo打theresearch化the化pic.TheexperimentbeganinMay,2015andlas化dfbrthreeweeks.Theexperimentcontainsthefollowingstes:pPretest.Befbre化eexerimenttheauthorconductedaretesto打futurep,p"exre巧ionsi打berthClass8andClass9.Befbietheretestthetwoclassesused化epp,same化achingmaterials,sharedthesameteachingprogressandusedthesame化aching25 陕西师范大学硕壬学位论文me化od*Theclasshouris45minutes.Besides化erewas打〇absenceinbo化classes,whentheauthorCO打ductedthe化巧.Afterthepretest,theauthorrecordedthet;estiresults,and&eresultswereanalzedandsummarized.y2Exeriment.Firsttheauthordidthe化achindesinbasedonthetheoretical()p,ggbasisoftherammarteachinmethodandtheinteractiveteachinmethod.Theauthorgggusedtheinteractive化achingmethod化teachfutureexressionsintheexerimentalppcassandusedtheramrtransatio打化achnmethod至打thecontrolcasshelgmaligl.TCachingcontent,progressandclasshourweresame.3Post-Sndofexermteauconducedat-化t.Attheetheienththortos化Stfor()p,pbo化classesaboutfutureexpre巧ions.TherewasstUInoabse打ceinbothclasseswhen*heau-tthorconductedthe化St.Aftertheostte巧theauthorrecordedthe化巧iesultsandp,,theresultswereanalyzedandsummarized.4uestionnaire.Aftertheexerimenttheauthorhandedouttheuestionnairein()Qp,q化eexperimentalclassandrecovered化equestionnairewi化intheprescribedtime.The*authoranalyzedthedataandfoundoutthestudentsacceptanceoftheinteractive化achingmethodanddrewaconclusion.3,5Dat:aCo化ction3.5.1DataCollectionofeesthTt*Inthe化SttheretestreiesentstheinhialEnlishroficie打clevelofthecontrol,ppgpy-classandtheexperime打talclass.Thedificultoftheosttestissimilar化thatoftheyppre化St.TheauthorrocessedthedataandusedtheSPSS16.0toanalyzethedata.Thepfollowintableis化6巧51111.g*-l-Table3.5.1IndeendentSamesTtest化r化ePietestGrou致WisticspppClassNMeanStd.DeviationStd.ErrorMeanPrete巧EC5278.153811.579881.60584CC5078..46001203941.70263126 ChaterThreeResearchMethodolopgy52lTable3..虹dependentSampesTestev'LenesTestforEua-qlityofVariancesttestforEuallofMeansqy95%ConfidenceIntervalMeanStd.ErroroftheDifferenceFS-.-igtdfSig(2tailed)DifferenceDifferenceLowerUpperPretestEqualvariances---....巧..1.229270.1311008%306152864494巧54巧364assumedEualvariancesq---W7.13199.388乂96.306152,340444.94433j.;757notassumedAccordingtotheanalysis,beforetheauthorCO打ductsexperiment,化emeanofthe^studentsradeinthetwoclassesisversimilarandtheexerimentalclassis0.3ointrgypp->lowerthan化econtrolclass.Andsig.2tailedis0.8960.05.Thereforebefore化e(),exerimenttheEn化shlearninroficiencofthestude打tsinthetwoclassesis打otp,ggpyverydifere打t.Theauthorcancondu巧过comparativestudythrough化eexperiment.---teTable.,dtTPttt353IndepenenSamplesst化r化eosesGrouptaiS化ticsClassNMeanStd.DeviationStd.ErrorMeanPosttestEC5287,69238.407601.16592CC5083.280010.232081.44703Table..tlt354虹depend畑SampesTesL'evenesTestfor-化巧EqualityofVariancestforEualitofMeansqy%%ConfidenceInterval〇ftheDiference.MeanSd.SigtErrorFS-ig.tdf口tailed)DiferenceDifferenceLowerUerppPostte巧Eualvariancesq.096.7572.384.100.0194412311.85118.73%28.08500assumedEualvariancesnotq.86.....2.374941020441U118583072304810158assumed27 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文,Accordin呂化thetableaftertheexerimentthemeanofthestudentsradein,p,g-exerimentalclassis4.4ointshiherthanthecontrolclasstppg.A打dsi.2aiIedisg()0.019<0.05.Therefore,theresultshowsasignificantdifference.ThegradeoftheexermentalclassusinieracivechimethodihiherthanthatofheconropignttCangsgttlclassusinrammartranslatio打teachi打gmethodwhichindicatesthattheinteractivegg,,teachi打gmethodcanhaveapositiveefecto打improvi打gstude打tsfuturete打selearningandcanbeusedi打化aching.3.5.2DataCollectionoftheuestionnaireQ52questionnaireswerehandedoutandacquired52effectivequestionnaires,and化eefectivereturnratiois100%.Inordertoknowwhe化er化einteractive化aching>,methodcanimrovestudentsradeefectivelandsee化6studentsatitudeAwardspgytheinteractivebachingmethod,theauthorCO打ductsthequestionnaire.TheresultisshowedinTable3.5.5?Table3.5.5Re州化of化eQuestionnairePercentage%MeanStd.Deviation()12345StatisticStatistic2125011Q15.89.6..03.53.5577.03684231.2Q.85.89.659.623.8846.9425439154542.47Q.6.2.0.37.73.230811135.25.43.12Q43.8.81955.81.73089373.1Q5乂7.711.56155.43.7692.94174Q63.87.79.65乂619.23.於69.964491.0.巧771Q73.83.519.25013.53.01775Q87.715.423.144.29.63.32691.09761Q95.817.325.040.411.53.34621.08256QIO5.87.717.3巧.711.53.6154.99319I打thetable1refers化otionEtotalldisaree2referstootionDdisaree3,p(yg),p(g),referst;ooptionCneutral4refers化otionBareeand5refers1:0otionAtotall(),p(g)p(yagree).28 ChaterThreeResearchMethodolopgyAccordingtotheanalysis,theinteractiveCachingmethodiswelcomedbystudents,andtheirmotivationisstimulatedbythe化achinmethod.ThestudentslearninabUitggyisimprovedandthelearningeffectisbetter.29 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文Cha化rFourResultsandDiscussionpInthischater化eauthoranalzesthedataoftheexerimentanddiscussesthep,ypresuhsofthestudy.Also,theauthorprovidesclassexamplesofbo化grammartranslationachinmehodandineraciveachinmethodtoanalzetheefectivenesbgtttbgysoftheCachingmethods.4.1AnalysisandDiscussionofPretestI打the打rststageoftheexperimenttheauthorCO打ductsthepreteist.Theaimofthe,prel:e巧istoe打suretheexperime打talclassandthecontrolclassareatthesamelevelsoastoensuretheeffectivenessandauthorityoftheexerimentthrouanalzinandpghygarin^compgthestudentsretestscores.Meanwhiletheauthorcananalzethecurrentp,y^studentsknowledeof.gfutureexpressionsTheretestcontainsthreeki打dsofuestionswhicharemultilechoiceafillin,p,ggqppandsentencerewriting.Thequestionsincludethebasiclanguagepointsoffutureexpressio打sbecausetheE打glishCurriculumStandardsinJuniorHighSchoolrequiresstudentstomasterthesimplefutureexressions.Thereforetheretestmainlexaminesp,pythefollowingftitureexpre巧ions:will/shall+infinitive,begoingto+infinitive,thepresentroressivethesimleresenttensebe1;o+infi打itivebeaboutto+infinitivepg,pp,,",,andthefutureexpressionsoftherebese打te打cestructure(seeAppendixI).Thesat--tisticaldataisinTable3.5.1Indepe打de打tSamplesTl;estforthePretestGroupStatisticsandTable3.5.2IndependentSamplesTe巧in3.5.1.Accordin化thestati巧icaldata,themeanoftheexperimentalclassis78.1538gwhilethemeanofthecontrolclassis78.4600.TheSDof化eexperime打talclassis1L57988whiletheSDofthecontrolclassis12.0394LTheSDoftheexerimentalpclassisalitlebitlowerthanthatofthecontrolclas义BycalculatinthePvalueofthegwo=*tsetsofthedatawecanseethatP0.896>0.05.Theieforebefbretheexeriment,^p,thescoresofthestudentsinthetwoclasseshaveUtledisparityandtheEnglishlearningroficiencyofthestudentsi打thetwoclassesisnotverdiferent.py,Byanalyzingthestudentspaper,化eauthor行ndsoutsomeproblems化ats化dentshaveinmasteringfutureexpressions.Forexample,'--onnowrearts2.1dtkifM.LJ化ththievening.py30 Chap化rFour艮esultsandDiscussion ̄Ithinkhewillcomeifhefree.A.willcomeisB.willcomewillbe;;C.comesisD.comeswillbe;;〇%TherihtanswerisA.Only56.9/<>studentschoc化riht.25.5stude打tschooseCgg,",11.8%studentschooseDand5.9%stude打tschooseB.Here,i打thefirstsentenceif,",,"tintroducesobectclauseand化etimeishiseveninsoweshouldchoosefiiturejg,,’",tense?虹thesecondsentencewhenifintroducesadverbialclauseofconditionwe,,shouldusetheresenttense1:0exressfuture.Thisuestionisalitlebitdificultandppqc‘,comprehensive.Wecanseemanystudentscannotclearlydistinuish化eusaeofifinggtwosentencesanddo打othaveaclearcognitio打of化isflitureexpressionslanguageI山a-oint.alsosimilaroneintheosttesttoseewhetherstudentscandoitrihtpppgeos-setsuesonsical.ntest.studentschoosebecauhitiitItht775%riht.qypp,g5,ThereabirthdayartythisSunda.pyA.化beB.willbeC.shallgoing化beD.willgoing化beTherihtanswerisB.About63.7%studentschooseright.15.7%studentschoosegD13.7%studentschooseCand7.9%studentschooseA.Thefutureexressionsof,p""",,"化"therebesentencestructureincludestherewillbeandthereisoinbe.Manggy",,6"stude打tsmix也e化erewillbeand化ereisoin化besentencestructuresso化eygg"choose化eWTO打ganswer.Besidessomestudentscannotclearl出sti打ish出erewill,yg嗔"",,beandthereshallbe.Herewz7/麻intendstobeasimledescritionorseculation,pppofthefutureevent.Shalldointendstoexpressmodality.Itexpressessubectivejintention.8.化rain.A.isoinU)B.willbeC.canbeD.shallbegg〇TherightanswerisA.58.8%studentschooseright.20.6/SstudentschooseB,15.7%studentschooseDand4,9%chooseC.Herebeointoexressthatthereare,ggp,signsorindicatio打sshowingeventsoccurrencei打theftiture?奶//and友片a//",,,",shouldbefollowedwithrainy,notrain.Also,thesentencewillbecorrectifitis''"changedintoitwillrain.Thisuestionisabitconfusinbecausetheauthorsetatraqgphere.Bisveryliketherihtanswer.Somestudentsmakethemistakecarelessl.Theregyarestillsomeotherue巧ionssimilar化侃sone.Thea山horalsosetsometrapsinthoseq*questions,suchas13,16and19,and化6situationof&estudentsanswersissimilar,31 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文化0.13.She打extmon化.A.ismarriedB.is化etmarriedC.willmarriedD.isointomarriedgggTherihtanswerisB.52.9%studentschooseriht.21.6%studentschooseDgg,〇〇A17.6/i)studentschoc化Cand7.8/〇studentschoose.Thisque巧io打examinestheusageof化茄,whichmeanstheeve打tsthatwillhappe打inthefuture.Thisstructureisqui1;eofte打usedtorefer化afuturearrangeme打torplan(Quirk,etal.,1985:217).,Studentsarenotveryclearabo山thisusage.Whatsmorestudentsare打otclearabout,,"",""",,化eusageofverbmany.Theusageofmarrycontainsmarrysomeone,be,,""marriedandgetmarried.I打thisquestion,CandDareverysimilartotheright"""answerbuttherihtformshouldbewillbe/etmarriedandisoin化be/et,gggggm,,arredefomoteueonememo打wei.ThrfAisrightbuti打hstithtiisnextthso,,q,shouldusefutureexpressions.Somestudentschoosewronganswerbecauseof",,carelessnessandsomebecausetheymixuptheusageofmanyandfutureexressions.p",,Forthegapfillingandsentencerewriti打g,9.8%studentsusewillconsistently1:o",,exressfuture.44.1%studentsusewillmostlytoexressfuture.O化erstudentscanpp,usedifere打texressionstoexressfuture.BesidesafewstudentsEnlishabUitispp,gyweakandtheroblesi打writincomletesenencesyhavepmt.gpTosumup,studentshavealotofproblemsinfutureexpressions.Theyarenotvery,clearaboutthediferenceandsimilaritofthefiitureexKSsions.Whatsmoreomeofy,sp''thestudentscannotusethewriteformofverbs.Thecommonmistakesarewill/shall,(,,,,,,,","""doing,bedoVbeabo山do,beaboutdoing,beabouttodoing,andbegoi打gto,,化doing.Someevenforgetthateverbformischangedwi化化esubject.TheymixupthewordformofdiferentfutureexressionswhichrovesthattheirEnlishp,pgfbundatio打isnotveryfirm.Besides,theyarenotclear化athow化u化correctfutureexpressionsindifferentcontexts.Somejustuseoneexpressiontoexpressfuture.Knowingwhattheproblemsstudentshave,theauthorcandesigntheteachingplanandconducach打rocessaaeemst化igimintthrobl.pgpssat-tt4.2AnalyindDiscussionofPosesInthisparttheauthorrovidesandanalzesthesamleclassesoftherammar,pypg32 ChapterFourResultsandDiscussiontranslationteachingmethodandinteractiveteachingmethod.Then,analyzesandd-iscussesthescoresoftheposttest.Theauthorusesthei打teractiveteachingmethod化t:eachfutureexpressio打sinexperimentalclasswhileusestherammartranslation化achinmethodincontrolclass.ggHeretheauthorrovidesclasssamlesofbothteachingmethods.pp4.2.1ASamleClassofranseacheodtheGrammarTlationTingMthpTheauthorusedChi打ese化teachflitureexpressionsincontrolclassbecauseo打eofthecharacteristicsoftherammartranslation化achingmethodis化化achEnlishinggmothertongue.The化achingmodelofthegrammartranslationteachingmethodisread----inganalyzingtranslatin呂explainingrecitin.gE打lishlearnincontentggeachnGoa:eudennowtheusaeofsomefuureexressonsTiglLtsttsktigpTeachingmethod:therammartranslationteachinmethodggTeachingProcedure;5stepsSte■1.Pi护classpStep2,WarmingupSte3.WhileclasspSte4.SummarpySte5.HomeworkpS-te1PreclasspBefbretheclass,studentsunderline化efiitureexpressionsinthe化xtbookfromlato2ci打unit3andreadthetextin3a.There乂lassworkcanhelstudentsknowwhatpptheyareointolearnandbefamiliarwithit.g呂Ste2WarminupgpStudentsreadthesentencesinGrammarFocus.Theteachercanhelstudentsptranslatethesesente打ce义Studentswrkedownthetranslatio打ontheirtex化ook.Thenthe化acherasksstudentshobservethecharacteristicsofthesesentences.—areouoinforvacaon?①Whatydgti—Fmandmoervisitingmygrth.,…s(Whatshedoingfbrvacation?D,—Shesogincamin.gpg33 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文一Whataretheydoinfbrvacation感g,—Thereyrelaxingathome.一en④Whareouoing?yg?ormgins〇nMonday.5—()Whenisheoing?g,化—soneHegigo打th12.—enareheoin?⑥Whtygg—eareoThyinnextweek.ggStep3WhileclassTheteachertellsthestudentswhattheyaregoi打gtolearni打thisclass.Notonly""1:hebedoing化expressfixture,butalsomanyotherexpressio打s化expressfuture.The1;eacherbachesthefutureexpressionsonebyoneandasksstudents化ireadtheexamples.^Futureexpr的sionsexiesstheacdonthatwillhae打ortheexistingstateandppperearesselanandintention.Thremanystructures1:oexfixtur.pp1.Will?Concept1Exre化estheactionsthatwillhaenatsometimeinthefutureortheexistin()pppgstateE..wewillotoseehimtomorrow.gg2Exressesthehabitualactionofthesubect()pjE.g.FromnowonIMil!comeevera.,ydy?BasicsentencestructureAfirmativesente打ce:Subect+will/shall+V.WjEPeolewillhaverobotsintheirhomes.g.p.Bookswillonlbeoncomuters,notonpaperypPeolewiHHve化be200earsold.pyTherebeonlyonecountry.+,口eativesentence:Subectwill/shall+notwont+V.)Ngj()E’?痊.PeoplewontusemoneyEverythingwillbeee.fr’Kidswonto《〇school.ThewdlstudycUhomeoncomputers.gy口e打eralinterroativesentence:Will/shall+subect+V.?)Ggj34 ChaterFourResupltsandDiscussionAfirmativeanswerYessubect+will.,j,Negativeanswer:No,subject+wcmt.E.,Willeopleusemonein100ears?gypyYes,theywill.’thewontNo,y.(4)Whquestion:Specialinterrogativewords+will/shall+subject+V.?E.g.JVhcU巧mew。!yougofaschooltomorrow?WherewillTomoorvacationnextear?gfy?Atentio打:奶幻//成)containsbo化化emeaninoffutureandmodality.Peolearegpusedassubjecttoexpresssubjectiveintention,especiallywiththefirstpersonsubjecttoroviderecommendationsandivei打structio打s抓幻//isalsocanbeusedtomark,pgpei:sonalvolition.E.g.Shallwegotothezoo?WeshallensurethattheartisheldonCmeaccordingtohislan.pyp?Time:化isyear,tomorrow,打extmon化,fromnowonmthefuture,in+timeeriod,,petc.2,Begoingto?Co打cet:plEx巧ssesfuturefUlfillme打toftheresentandfiitureresultofrese打tcause.()pppE.g.lamgoingtoseeafilmnextSunday.Sheisoin《0buyacoaUhisaternoon.ggf,口Exressesthattherearesinsorindicationsshowi打eventsoccurrencein化e)pggfuture.Atthistimethesubjecthasnocontrolovertheevents.E..lUsoin化rain.ggg3.Theresentroressiveppg?Ccmcept:1Exresseshabitualoriterativesituationsandtheanticiatedhaeni打sinthe()pppp呂fixture.Referstoafuturehappeni打ganticipatedi打thepresent.",,(2)Theverbgo,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,takeof,etc.canbeusedintheresentrore巧ivetoexre巧arranementslansandactionsthatwillhaen.pgppg,pppE?.Thebusiscominsoon.复gThemee巧ngisheirmin如9:00inthemornin.ggg35 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文JVeareleavingforinao化morr(m.Qgd4!.Be;〇do?Concept:lExresseseventsthatwillhaeninthefutureaccordintothelanand()pppgparrangements.E?廷.HeandIaretomeetattherailwaystation.A*intmentsiesons化ilitord巧sandactions也atdestined化haen.口)ppo,py,ppE?爸.Youarenottoheback!ate.Ifnotwatered化elantsaretodie.,p3Usedinnewsaerandradiotointroduceofficiallansarranementsand()ppp,gresouonslti.E??TheresidentistoseakonTVtoniht.廷ppg5.Beabouttodo?Concetp:-(1)Emphasizesthelugencyoffutureevents.(2)Expressesthemeaningthattheeventshappenverysoon.Itcannotbeusedwithtemporaladverbialoffuture.E?.TheEnglishEveninParisabouttobein痊g.tygItt.wasaboutoooutwhenitbeganoraing6sim.Thepleresentp?Concet:p(l)Expressestheactionrelatedtobirthday,calendarandtrafficschedule.口)U化fillwords:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close…3Usedindeendentclausesafterconditionalandtemoralconunctionssuchasi()p,pjforw/ze。化exressfutureactionsinEnglish.pE.g.Theeveningclassbeginsat19:00.Thetrainstartsattwo.Ifyoucomethismorning,wewillhaveameeting.WhenIraduate,Iwillotothecountrside.ggyStep4SummaryThe化achersummarizeswhatthestudentslearnedin化isclass.Andstudentsdosomeexercises1:oCO打solidatetheknowlede.g36 ChapterFour民esuhsandDiscussionGafillinpg1?Ihaveaicnicwithmfriends.yp2-nextWhatMonda?.y-Ilaybasketball.p—our3.motheroshointhisafternoon?ygppg--essheShebuomeY.sfruit.,y4.Whattimeoume巧?y5.MbrotherotoShanhainextweek.y(g)g6iveauewexonda.DavidtshoNtM.(g)pppy,7.KsFriday化da.Whatshedothisweekend?y()8.ShewatchTV.()9.Tmointoetuat6:30tomorrow.gggp化etuat6:30U)morrow?gp10.Sheisgoing化listentomusicafterschool.sheafterschool?Ste5Homeworkp"民eviewtheftrtureexpre巧ionsandwrkeaboutwhatareyoud@ingo打your"weekends?IntheCachingprocessincontrolclasstheauthordidnotdotheinteractive,,w",ac巧vi巧esbeteenthestudents.Inste3wh"eclasssomestudentsaearedtobep,pp^distrac^d.Thiskindofteachingmethodseldomstimula^sstudentsenthusiasmand,,inter的t.Itustdeendsonteachersexlainingandstudentsmemorizingtoaccomlishjppp也e化achintask?g4.2.2ASamleClassoftheIn化ractiveTeachinMethodpgBecausetheinteractive化achi打gmethoddoes打otrequirethe化achers化use,motherU)ngue化化ach,化eauthorsclassesi打theexperime打taldaissisinEnglishformostof化etime.Instep2Grammarfbcus,theauthorusedalitleChi打ese化exlainp化edificultlanuaeoints化makeiteasi巧化understandfbrstudents.ggp37 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文EnlishlearnincontentggTeachinGoal:1.Letstudentsknowtheusaeofsomefutureexressionsggp,2.ImprovestudentscooperationlearningabUityTeachingmethod:theinteractiveteachinmethodgTeachi打grocedure:5stesPpS化pi?LeadinSte2.GrammarfocuspStep3.SummaryStep4.ActivitiesSte5.HomeworkpStep1Leadin?acheais:esumm巧olidaiscTask1?The化rmake泣situtonforstudentThhyomin.Yougandyourfriendaretalkingaboutwhatyouaregoingtodoforvacation.Thentheteacherasksstudentstoworkinairsandmakeaconversation.Thestudentsshouldaskp化efollowi打uestionstoeach(rther:gq①Whatareouoi打todoforvacation?ygg?Whenwillyou…?③Whereareyouoin?gg④WhoareouoinwUh?ygg?Howlongwilloustay?yStudentsneedtomakeareport:,化Imoing….1willoon.."rmoinwith"..and!willstafor.."ggggyTask2:The化achershowssomepicturesonFFT.Stude打tslookat&epicturesanddescribetheictureswithdiferentexre巧ions.ppH--Whints:atareoudoinforvacation?/Whatwilloudoforvacation?/Whatareygyyouointodoforvacation?/gg—amI.../1will..../1aminto.,...ogg38 ChapterFourResultsandDiscussion'-W誦、j己Playi打gchessGoingtothebeachmm’'’-?V::^方林T、\、,@为巧巧片巧veerchma.comPlayingvolleyballImGoingswimming39 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文#邏巧Goi打gshoppi打g—飞lI遺:―;..…Exercising^;这公11锋臺.媒Goin呂camping^摊逾;Going巧shing40 ChaterFourResuhsandDiscussionpStep2GrammarfocusThet;eachershowssomesentenceso打PPTandasksstudentstoobservethesesentencesanddiscussintheirroustosummarizewhatthesesentencesareexressin.gppg一Whaoui①taredoinforvacaton?yg—isitinndmoherFmvgrat.myg(Dwewillotoseehimtomorrow.g3amoinoseeafilmnextSun()Igtday.g()Weareleaviforindao化morrow3n.gQg?Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomes.?Sheisoin化buacoatthisafternoon.ggyThe打studentswsenttheirideasandteacherives化ecomments化introducethepggrammarcontentsofthisclass.(WiH,begoingtoandbedoingcanexpress化eactions也atwillhappenandlansandparrangements.)Theteacher化11s化estudentstherearemanyexpre巧io打s化expre巧fiiture.Theteachergivesstudentssomesentencesandasksthemtosummarizethebasicsentencestructureandtheirusae.g1.WillE.g.wewillgotoseehim^morrow.Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomes.Bookswillonlyheoncomtersnotonaper.pu,pPeolewilllive化be200earsold.pyTherewillheonlyonecountry.Peoplewoniusemoney.Everythingwillbeee.fr’Kidswontgotoschool.TheywWlstudyathomeoncomuters.pFromnowon,IMdllcomeeveryday.—lMUpeoeusemonein100ears?pyy—Yesthewill.,y—thwonNoet,yWh幻twiHoudomtheevenin?ygShallweotothe之00?gJVesh幻Uensurethanheartisheldontimeaccordintohislan.pygp41 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文Studentsworkinrouoffourobservethesentencesandfillinthechart.Thegp,teacheraskssomestudentstopresenttheiranswers.Thentheteachergivestheanswer.ExpressionUsageBasicStructuresWill/shall1Exressestheactio打sthat1Afirmativesentence:()p()willhappenatsometimeSubject+will/shall+V.in1:hefutureorthe(2)Negativesentence:5existingstateSubect+will/shall+notwon牛V.j(。*2Exiessesthehabitual3Generalinterroativesentence:()p()gactio打of化esubectWill/shall+subect+V.?jj3Shalldo:usethefirstAfirmativeanswer:Yessubect+will.(),jNN,personsubject.Italsocanegativeanswer:o,subject+wo打t.beusedtomarkpersonal4Whuestion:Secialinterrogative()qpvolition.words+will/shall+subect+V.?j2.BeointoggEintoseeamnextunday.g.lamgoglS,fiSheisoingtobuacoatthisaternoon.gyfItisoingtorain.gH’eisntoinvisUhisrandmother化morrowg化.gg—Areouointolaootballintheaternoon?yyfggpf’—esYI./mnot.amNoI,,Wh幻tareouoingtodointheevenin?yggStudentsworkinrouoffourobservethesentencesandfillinthechart.Thegp,teacheraskssomestudentstopresenttheiranswers.Thentheteachergivestheanswer.Becauseoftheexampleofwillbeforeinthefollowinstudentsmadofaster.,gy42 ChaterFour民esultsandDiscu巧ionp£xp化ssionUsageBasicstructuresBeoing化lExres化sfutureAfirmativese凸tence:Subect+be呂(^)p(。jfulfillmentoftheam/is/areoin化+V.()ggpresentandfixture2Neativesentence:Subect+beam/is/are()gj(),,*,iesultofresentcause.+notmnot/isnt/are打+om化+V.p(。gg2Exressesthatthere3Generalinterroativesentence:Be()p()garesignsorindicationsAre/Is/Am+subect+in化+V.?()jgog,showingeventsAffirmativeanswer:Yes,subect+am/is/are.j^occurrenceintheNegativeanswer:Nosubect+m,j’>future.Atthistime化enot/isnt/are打t.subecthasnocontrol4Whquestion:Secialinterrogativej()povertheevents.words+beam/is/are+subect+oin化+V?()jgg3.了here化ntrorc巧iveppgKg.Thebusiscomingsoon.Themee巧ngisbeinninat9:00inthemorningg.gJVe幻rele幻vinorindao化morrowgfQg.’SheisntgoingshoppingforhoUday.-AreouUomolainchesswithhinrrow?pygy—e¥m/NoYIa.!amnot.,,Whatareoudoingorvacation?yfStudentsworkingroupoffour,observethesentencesandfillinthechart.TheteacheraskssomestudentstoiresenUheiranswe。.Then化e化acherivestheanswer.pgExpressionUsageBasicStructureTheresent1Exr的seshabitualorlAffirmativesentence:Subect+bep()p()jm/+V-progressiveiterativesituationsandthe(ais/are)ing,anticiatedhaeningsinthe2Neativesentence:Subect+beppp()gj+,,,future.Refe。化泣fUture(am/is/are)notmnot/isnt/are打t()ca-happeningantiiptedi打the+Ving.*ese打ranerroaeenence:epit.3Gc打clittivst巧()g43 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文"Theverbocome+t+-leaveAre/Is/AmsubecVin?口)g,,,()jgstart,arrive,stay,fly,land,Affirmativeanswer:Yes,"takeofetc.canbeusedinsubect+am/is/are.,j,thepresentprogressivetoNegativeanswer:No,subject+m,,exressarranementslansnot/isnt/are打t.pg,pandactio打sthatwillhappen.4Whuestion:Secialinterroative()qpgeSCO打+-Eusiscomin.words+beam/is/aresubec+Vin.g.Thbg()jtg?4.Be化doE?廷.HeandIaretomeettherailwaystation.Youarenottobebacklate.Ifnotwatered,thelantsaretodie.pThepresidentistoseakonTV化niht.pg’Sheisnttoetmarriednextmonth.gWhatishe化doifnothelped?Studentsworkinroupoffourobservethesentencesandfilli打化echart.Theg,teacheraskssomestudentstoresenttheiranswers.Thentheteacherivestheanswer.pgExpressionUsageBasicstructureBe化do〇ExresseseventsthatwilllAfirmativesentence:Subect+be)p()jenuren-happi打化efutaccordigam/is/areHto+V.()化thelanandarrangements.口Neativese打tence:Subect+be)pgj,+,,(^Appointments,(am/is/are)not(mnot/isnt/arent)*ieso打sibifityorde。and+to+V.p,actionsthatdestined化(3)Generalinterrogativesentence:良ehappen.(Are/Is/Am)+subject+to+V.?3UsedinnewsaerandAfirmativeanswer:Yes()pp,radio化introduceoficialsubject+am/is/are.+^lansarranementsandNeativeanswer:No,subectmp,ggj,,resolutions,打ot/isnt/arent.4Whuestion:Secialinterroative()qpgwords+beam/is/are+subject+toV.?()44 ChaterFourResuDcupltsandisssion5.BeabouttodoETheEnglishEvenmgPartyisabouUobein.^gIwasabouttogooiUwhenithegantorain.’Heisntabout化oto化atinterview.gAreouabouttosaysomethinaboutthat?gyWhatareyouabouUodo?Studentsworkingroupoffour,observethesentencesandfillinthechart.Theteacheraskssomestudents化prese打ttheiranswers.The打the化acherivestheanswer.gExressionUsageBasicstructurepBeabcmtt:olEmphasizestheAfirmativesentence:Subject+be()〇)dourgencyoffuture(am/is/are)+aboutto+V.events2Neatvesentence:ubect+be.giSj()+,,,(2)Exresses化e(am/is/are)notmnot/isnt/ai:ent+aboutp()meannaeeveno+Vigthtthtst.happenverysoon.It(3)Generalinterrogativesentence;BecannotbeusedwithAre/Is/Am+subect+to+V.?()jtemoraladverbialofAfirmativeanswer;Yesp,future.subect+am/is/are.j+,Negativeanswer:No,subjectm,,not/isnt/arent.(4)Whque巧ion:Specialinterrogativewords+beam/is/are+subect+aboutU)()j+V.?7^.ThesimpleiesentpE.g.Theeveningclassbeginsat19:00.Thetrain別ar化幻tt.woIoucomethismorningwehaveamee^ng.fy,WhenIraduateItt.willoo化ecounrside,gygStudentsworkingroupoffourobservetihesentencesandfillinthechart.The,teacher过浊ssomestude打tstoresent化eiranswers.Thentheteacherives化eanswer.pg45 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文ExpressionUsageThesimleresentlExressestheactionrelated化birthdap()py,pcalendarandtrafficschedule.sefulwords:beincomeleaveoarriveg,,,,口)U,gstartstoreturnoenclose...,,p,,psedindeendentclausesafterconditionalandP)Up,temporalconunctionssuchasiorwhentoexpressjffixtureactionsinEnglish.Step3SummaryThe化acherhandso山alargechartforstudents化fillin.Stude打tsshouldfinishthischartwiththeirgroupmembers.Theyshouldtrytheirbesttomakethechartclearttandidy.I打UsageshecanuseChi打ese.I打Examlesthehavetomakesente打cesb,yp,yythemselvesandcannotcothesentencestheteacherhasiven.Thischartisalsocanpygbeanexercise.Studentscmkeepthechart.ExpressionsUsagesBasicstructuresTimeExamplesStep4ActivitiesStudentsareaskedtomakeanintervieworroleplay.Theycanchooseoneofthem.巧theareinterestedthecandobo化.y,yInterview:StudentsshouldimainethefUturelifein2025.Oneoftheroup(^ggmemberscanbethemanfromfuture.Theotherstudentsinrouaskaboutthefuturegplife.口)民olePlay:Twoofthegroupmembersplaytheroleofarents*Theotherroupgp'womembersla化eroleofchildrenheshouldtalkabouhelifeandrklanofnex.Tytttpypweek.Step5Homework"Review化efirtureexpre巧ionsandwri化aboutwhatareyoudoingonyour46 ChapterFourResultsandDiscussion"weekends?Accordin化constructivism,knowledeisnotdire別ltauhtbteachers1>山isggygy,constructedactivelybystudents.Thereforehowteachersresentrammarknowledge,pg,intheclassroomwillhaveasigni巧cantimpactonstude打tslearningoutput.Ifthe,,teacherdoesnotarousestudentslearninginterestandatractstudentsatentionat化eb^eginningoftheclass,thentheteachersteachingeffectmaybegreatlyreduced.Thereforeintheinteractiveteachinmodewecaninteratetherammaticalstructure,g,ggese打evennaraveresnintothtorytlligtsrtiictushowinandvideoslaibthe,,pgpygymultimedia^gamesandotheractivities.Basedo打theinteractionbetweenthe化acher,andstudentsorbetwee打stude打tsandstudentsdie化achercanarousestudentsintere巧,in化egrammarpointsthatwillbelearnedandHillyplaythepositiveimpactofthe,environmentonthesubec化behavior.Inthecontrolclassteachi打g,theteacherdidnotjcarryouttheneceissarleadininbutdirectlintothethemewhichis做tconducivetoyg,y,,stimulatestudentsinteKStinlearningandlacknece巧arylearninginitiativeandmotivationforeffectivelearning.AsthebasisofEnglishlearning,rammarointsshouldbetakenoutforamomentgptoexplain.Ifwerelysolelyonthedialoguebetween1:eachersandstudentsorcomrehendinbstudentsthemselvesitmabeakindofexerciseforiftedstudentsy,pg,ygbuma*tforthebackwardstudentsitbelessefective.Therefbieconsiderinthelevel,y,gofallthestudents,the化achershouldexplai打rammaroints,butnot化omuch.Thegppurposeistohelpstudentsunderstandandmasterthefunctionandsecialusaeofpg也e化ache^rammarointsassoonasoss化le.Inthisstaeisshouldavoidthegppg,traditional化achingmodeof化achingandlistening.Ininteractive化achingmode,化achersshouldmakestudentsbefamiliarwi化grammarrulesassoonaspo巧化le,encouragestudentstodiscussandunderstandthefunctionandsignificanceoflanguagematerialsthroughmutualdiscussion.Atthesametime化achersshouldalsobeinvolved,inthediscussionui出nstudentstofindtherammarruleshiddeni打thelanuae,ggggg'materialsandmaintainthestudentslearningattention.Instep2grammarfocus,somelanguageointsaredificultforstudents化summari之e.Theauthorwalkedintothepstudentsandcheckedtheproblemsstudentsmetandthenprovidedsomehelpand^nstructio打forthemU)finishthechartsuccessftill.In化isrocessstudentsshouldbeyp,concentratedortheywillnotfinishthetask.Inthecontrolclass,theexplanationinthis47 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文s1:ewasnotonltoaontheauhorrammarruesoffixtureexressStopypi.Ttlistedglpio打化""makestudentsrnemoiize化escrulesandleamhowtoapplyeformulatodo化e,exercises.Theauthorsexpla打ationtookumostof化etimeandgavestudentslitleptimetodiscussandstudindeendentl.化islackofinteracti打betweenthe化acherandypygstudentswhichisnotconduciveforstude打tstoconsolidate化eknowledeintimeand,gtheautonomouslearningaWlitisnotlaedoutreatl.ypygyAccordingto化esocialinteractiontheor,theinteractionbetweenthe化achersandystudentsandbetweenthestudentsandstudentsisabasicapproachforeffectivelearning.I打theprocessofi打teractionbetweenthekacherandthestudentstheteacherassins,gtasksandstudentscandiscusseitherinairsorinroustoclete化etasks.Under,pgpomptheguidanceofthekacher,studentscangetthefinalconclusionstepbystepthroughtheinteractiveactivitiesrather化anthedirectsummi打gupbyteachers.Afterthediscussionofthestude打tsthediscussioniresultsareevaluatedandsummarizedb,yteachers.Intherocessofteachinrammarwiththerammartranslationteachinpgggg,afte*methodrtheteachersexlanationthet:eacheiivestudentsali行letime1:0do,,pgexercises.Thecontentof化eexercisesisrammarexerciseswhicharelackoffle?dWlitgyandapplicability.At化eendof化eclass,化ebachersummarizestheleami打gcontenta打d化11sstudentstokeepthegrammarrulesinmind.Thisapproachviolatesthe,student乂enteredrincile.O打化eonehanditisnotconduciveforstudentsknowledepp,geam打whichnnocombe化eruesrmsandfctonscorrec打化ligcati打l,founitly.Oeo化er,handitisnotconduciveforbachers1:olatheuidinrolewhichisdificult化,pygg,timproveheualitofteaching.qy,Accordingtoconstructivismlearninroceissistherocessofstudentsositive,gpppconstructio打ofknowledge,andtheknowledgelearningcannotbeseparatedfrom化e,specificsituationand化estudentsexperience.TheinteractiveactivityisanimortantpstenclasoomrammarteachnTheosestoestuenusemarpisrgig.purpihlpdtsgramflex化lyinrealsituation.In化isstep,thegrammarknowledgeisnottrai打edalone.Thestudentscombinetheirknowledgeandusetheknowledecomrehensively.Intihegp化,processofinteractionactivitiesachersdo打otointoutstudentsmistakes,pimmediatelybutconductageneralcorrectnessafter也eactivity.Interactiveactivities,canbecarriedoutintheformofrolelaintervewdialouestor化llinanddebatepy,i,g,yg,andsoon.48 ChaterFourResultsandDiscussionpAboveare化esampleclassesoftheramm姐translatio打teachinme化odandgginteractiveteachi打method.Comaredwkhtheteachinrocessoftheexerimentalgpgppclassitisfoundthattheeficiencandtheualitofthe化achintheCO打trolclass,yqygarenotasoodastheexerimentalclass.gp-4,2.3DiscussionofthePosttestAftertheexperiment,theauthorconductstheost4estinbo化oftheclass.Thepuroseis妃exowhtetppplreehrrileinteractive化achi打gmehodcanbeappiied,stiKtentsftitureexpressio打slearningandwhe化eritcanhelpstude打tstolearnftitureexress—pio打s.TTheosttestalsoCO打tai打sthreetesofuestio打swhichexami打esthepypq,samerammaro-gpintsas化epretest.ThestatisticaldataisinTable2:Posttest民esuk.Accordi打gto^hedatathetable,themeanoftheexperimentalclassis87.6932while化emeanof化eCO打trolclass83.2800.TheSDoftheexerimentalclass星sp840760whileheS口f化enllasis.tocotrocs10.23208.TheSDof化eexperimentalclassisalittlebitlowerthanthatofthecontrolclass.BycalculatinthePvalueofthetwog=<0setsof化edatewecane化aP0(H9.G5hesconnUsthesameemean,set..Ttette.Thoftitleexperimentalclassishigherthanthatof化eCO打tro^classobviously.=<wP0.0190.05hichcanrtth玉8obviousdifere打cebetwhetwo,pove化aereee打t,cn**lasseslearnigoirtput.Theiefbiewecansathatinteractiveteachimethodcan,y弓g,promotestude打tslearningoffutureexressio打sandtheeffective打essiisbettertha打t;hepgrammartranslation化achingmethod.1打order化illustrate化eexperime打talresults,theauhora-tlsocomparesthepretestscoresandpostte巧scores五打controlclassandexerimenta星class.AsshownTable4.2.1andTable4.2.2:pb-Tak.2.1PttPtttt4reesScorean过osesScorei岛ConrolClassMeanNStd.Deviati加Std.ErrorMeanClass9prates!78.4600^12.039411.70263osest83.28005010.232081.44703pttT-!42Ilabe.2.Pre化StScoreandPosttestSco化nExperi風en妃ICassMeanNStd.DeviationStd.ErrorMeanClass8pretest78.1538621157988160684posttest87.6923528.407601.1659249 陕西师范大学硕壬学位论文=Themeanofthepretestincontrolclassis78.4600,SD12.03941;themeanof化e=os-ttt2tstesincontrolclassis83.2800SD10.23208.ThemeanofosMesis4.8oinp,pphigherthantheret的twhichshowsthatthescoresincontrolclassisalsoimrovedp,p,butthestudentsgenerallyhavelowscoresandtheefectisnotobvious.=Themeanoftherete巧inexerimentalclassis78.1538SD11.57988themeanp,p;=-of-巧theostttinexerimelclassis87meanofosttisnta.6923SD8.40760.Thetespp,p9.54pointshigherthanthepretest,whichshowstheinteractive化achi打ghasaositivepefecttheresuhisenerallhiherthanthecon杜olclassandtheinteractiveteachi打is,gygg*helpfulfortheimprovementofstudentserformance.pComarinTable4.2.1andTable4.2.2wecanfi打d化attheexperimentalclasspg,progressesmorequicklythantheCO打trolclass.Befbretheexpeiiment,the¥〇〇巧5ofthestudentsareroughlyequivalent.After化eexperiment,化emeanofexperimentalclassis4.41pointshigher化an化emeanofcontrolclass.Therefore,fromtheaboveexperimentanalsisitcanbefoundthattheinteractive化achinmethodlasanactiveroleiny,gpyfutureexpressionsteachininuniorhihschool.Comaredwiththerammargjgpg,translatio打teachingmethod,itismo化eficient化imrovestudentsmasterinoffuturepg,exressionsandromote化eintegrativedevelome打tofstudentsknowledeandskillspppg,processandmethodsandemotionalattitudeandvalue.According化thesocialinteractiontheory,e打vironmentisanimportantfactorinafec巧打learnin.Interactio打betwee打environmentsubectandlearninbehaviorcangg,jg,promotestudentsleami打g.In化eclassroomofinteractive化achingitcanbethe,interactionbetweenthe化achersandstudentsandalsocanbetheinteractionbetween,thestudentsandteachinresourcesortheinteractionbetweentheoldandnewg,knowledgestructureofthestudentscognitivestructure.Theseinteractiveactivitiescanhelpstude打tsconstructamoresystematicand幻exiblecognitivestructure.I打thisteachingmode,thebackgroundinformationisarticularlyimortant.Teachersshouldppstimulatestudents化usethebackgroundinformatio打化canyoutcreativeleami打g,化helpstudentsunderstandthetruemeaningoflanguage,masterthelearningstrategiesanddeveloplearninbehaviorbeter.Meanwhilecreatinroucooerativelearning,ggppgenvironmentisacommonstratei打theinteractiverammar化achi打.Ontheo打ehandgygg,,tiisconduciveforcultivatinstudentsindeendentsiritanda山onomouslearningppg50 ChtrFourResuDaeltsandiscussionpabilit.Onheotherhanditibeneficialfbrstude打ts1:oivefliUla化theirsubeciveyt,sgpyjt打initiativeand化useknowledecreativeliractice.,gypeac*I打trtiverammarCachincanmakestudentsmoreinteiestedandmotivatedinggEnlishlearnin.Durintheexerimenttheauthorfoundoutthatstudentsliked化gggp,carrout过varietofactivitiesintheclassroom.Whenthedotheactivitiestheclassyy,yatmoshereisverlively.Ifthe化achersspoutelouentseechestheclassatmosherepyqp,p,wouldbedesertedandthe化achercouldnotknowthesituationofstudentsmasterin,gknowledge.Iftheteacherswanttopromcrteinteractio打i打theclass,化ache。needU)*inspireandencouragestude打ts化activelyarticiatein过ielaxedandactiveatmoshere.pppIndassroomteaching化ache。neecUoaatention化use化ewordsofencouraement,pyg,*suortandraiseinthestudentsactivities.Oncethestudentsfeelthattheyareppprespectedandlovedbythepeopleortheyfeel化attheyhavevalueinthegroup,theywillgraduallovercomethefeareaer化showthemselvesand解iciate至nthey,gppactivities.Grammaticalcompetenceandinteractionabilityareinterrelatedandinterdeendent.p',Grammaristhebasisof化elanguageknowledgeandlanguagelearning.Studentslisteni打g,speaking,wadingandwriti打gskillscannotbeseparatedfromthegrammar.,Studentsrammaticalcometencewillafecjttheirabilit化useEnlish.Thegpygovemenoframmacacomeenceishelilromotethe(eveloenofimprttilptpfi化pdpmtg,,studentsinteractiveabUity.Andoncetheinteractiveabilityisdeveloped,thestudentsrammarwillalsobeimroved.Howeverthishenomenonalsoexi巧s:theinteractiongp,pabilitofstudentswhoareoodatgrammarisnotnec巧sarilood化atisdumbygyg,,""巨打glish;〇打thecontrary,itiseasytoleadingrammarfreephenome打o打,thatis,thestudentsdoesnotexpressinaccordancewiththerulesof化egrammar,sothattileex*ressio打isnotdearwithambiuousreference.Therefoie化ache。shoulddealwihpig,ttherelatio打shipbetwee打thetwocorrectlyandgiveoverallconsideratio打化imrovepbothoftheabilityatthesametime.Interactive化achingmethodplaysanactiveroleintheseco打dlanguageacquisition.On化eonehand,from化e化achingefect,comparedwi化比econtrolclass,化estudentsinexperimentalclasshaveahighergradeinfiitureexre巧ionsaccordintothepgexerimentalstatistics.O打化e0化erhandfrom化esocialinteractio打theorthep,y,tbewee打sub巧vniivefac。ande打vironmenckeraiineteinteracionttheececottottshjg51 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文shapi打goftheleami打gbeh泣vior.了hemostfreu目打tinteractio打i打classroomtcachi打gisqtheinteractionbetwee打化achersandstudents.Thei打teractionbetweenthemprovidesthestudentswiththereale打vironmentofusinglanguageandmakesthestude打tsnotonlylearntherulesofgrammarandunderstandtheformofgrammar,butalsounderstandthefunctionoftherammar.Thisillustratesthattheinteractivegrammargteachi打isnotonlyconduciveforstudents1:omasterasolidknowledeoframmarand呂gg,improvetestscores,butalsohelptoimprovestude打tsabilittouseEnlishandygromotethecomrehensivedevelopmentofstudents.pp,Intheclassroombachingwithinteractive1;eachi打gmethodstudentserrorsshould,becorrectedatarighttimewithappropriatemethods.Co打structivismtheory,emhasizesthatclassroom化achingshouldtakestudentsasthecenter.Instudentsplearninactivitiesbachersshouldiveafirmatio打andositiveevaluationandmainlg,gpyencouragestudents.Teachersneedtoprovideguidanceandinstructionforstudentsin,rea-ltimeinordertocultivatestudentsselfconfidenceandinterestinE打lishlearningg.e*,Threfbre1;eacheisshouldcorrectstudentsmistakeswithdiferentstrateiesin,g,difere打t巧agesanddiferentactivitiesanddonotharmthestudentsemotion.For,,examleinstudentsactivitieserrorcorrectionismainlbasedonstudents.Teachersp,,y,,canfindoutthedeficiencythrouhthestudentsinteraction.ThisisbeterthankachersgCO打stantlyersonaladvice.Meanwhileifthestudentsdo打otfindthemistakes1:eachersp,,^^shouldevaluatesummarizeandointoutstudentsmistakesimmediatelafterstudents,pyactivitiesins化adofcoirectingtheirmistakesbyinterruptingtheiractivities,whichhasapooreffect.InEnlishclasswhendeininandalininteractiveactivitiesteachers,sygggppg,shouldCO打sidertheindividualdiferencesofstudentsaswellasthecharacteristicsof,studentserse打alitysoastoteachstudentsinaccordancewi化化eiratitudeandmakeppstudentsbecomearealarticiatio打inthecomimmicationwithothers.TeachersshouldppprovidemoreopportunUiesforstudentstoracticetaretlanuaeexerie打cediferentpggg,psocialrodeee打heerceualconiionhaostudentsoenlesandptttsotttdevelottialppgppa-llround.4.3乂nalsisandDiscussionofuestionnaireyQAftertheexperiment,theauthorconductedaquestionnairei打ordertoknow52 ChaterFourResultsandDiscussionpwhetherthestudentsaccepttheinteractive化achingmethodand1:heirmotivationforlearningcanbestim山atedb化ismethod.Thisuestionnairesurveisconductedonlyqyyforheexermenalclassinvolveshefollowinuesions:tpit.Ittgtq-1Howistheteacherstudentrelationshiuestion1()p(q);(2)Whe化ertheclassroomteachingformisflex化leandvaried(uestion2);q,(3)Studentsatitudeandmotivationofclassactivities(question4);-4Grammarlearninmethodininteractiveleachinmethodues巧on359()gg(q,);(5)Grammarlearningefectininteractive化achingmethod(questio打10).ThestatisticaldataisinTable3i打3.5.2:Questionnaire.In化etable1refers化,optionE(totallydisagree),2referstooptionD(disagree),3referstooptio打C(neutral),4refers化optionB(agree)and5referstooptionA(totallyagree).Accordingtothedatain也eTable3thefbllowinanalsisiscarriedo山:,gy,Fromamacroersectivestude打tschoiceofolio打Atotallaieandotio打Bpp,p(ygg)p〇(agree)ofeachquestio打isover50/〇andthehighe巧is80%,whichillustratesthattheexperimentofthisperiodisefective.ThegrammarlearningabUityof化emaorityofjstudentsisimprovedandtheleOTiingefectisgood.Fromthemicroscopicviewastheuestion1anduestion4showafteraeriodof,qq,pi打teractive化aching,therelationshipbetweenthe1;eacherandstudentsisdemocraticandharmonious?Theteachertakestudentsas也ecenterin化eclassroo1teachi打ands巧gstudentsarticiateinmoreactivitieswithhiherenthusiasm.ppgAccording化theinteractiveteachingmethod,classroom化achi打gformsshouldbe,flex化leanddiverse,soas化promcrtestude打tsknowledgelearningbymeansofinteractio打.I打question2,80%studentsthinkthatclassroom化achi打gformsare打ex化leandvaried.Therearepersonalautonomouslearningsgroupcooperativelearningandccoecearntcoceraceorszesaeenvmenlasslltiveline.Sialinttionthemhaithtthirontg,yphasacertaininfluence0打theshapingofthesubectbehavior.I打interactiondiferentj,kindsof化achi打gactivitiescans巧studentsindiferent化achingenvironment,which’canhave汪ositiveefect0打studentslearninbehaviorandbemoreCO打ducivetopg,,atractthestudentsatention,stimulatestudentslearningmotivatio打andromo化theptransferringofknowledeandalication.gpp,-meuestions59investigate化estuden化learningthodafter化eexeriment.WeQpcanlearnfromtheabovedata化atgrammarlearningme化odsi打uniorhihschoolisjg53 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文notconfined化化erecitinandmemorizi打g.Stude打tsfurtherenhancethelearninggbehaviorthroughinteractionforexamleusinrammarinthecontext,summarizin,p,ggggrammardiscussinwitht:eachersandstudentsandcorrecti打gmistakesandreflectin,gg,i打time.Interactivelearningtheorybelievesthatinacertainenvironment,studentslearninbehaviorisinfluencedbytheenvironment.Theinteractio打betweenthegrn,aemenotheubecswauseeearnnlernrsand化eenvirontorrstillrolearslibehaviorjg,andromotetileinternalizationoflearnersknowledge.Theinvestiationillustratesthatpgstude打tslike化learn扣tureexpressionsinacertaine打vironment,especiallytherolelayinori打terviewin.Throughtheinteractionbetwee打the1:eacherandstudentsthepgg,teachercanspecifytheabstractsyntaxsothatmakestudentsacuirerammarandfeelqgthediferentftmctio打sandpramaticconditio打soframmarinarticiationexeriencegp,,gppcommunication,discoveryandsummary.Afteraeriodofexerimentalstudstudentsppy,canCO打solidateknowledethrouhcooerationwi化Mhers,monitor化eirlearninggpgsituationintimeimrovetheCO打sciousnessoferrorcorrectionlearn化userior,p,pknowlede化absorbnewrammarknowledeandusefixtureexressionsflexiblggg,pyundertheguidanceofbachers.u^Qestion10investigatesthestudentsattitudetowardstheinteractiveteachingmethodonthewhole.69%studentsthinktheycanachievebetterradesandacuiregqmoreknowledgeinthismodeoflearning.Certainlnotall化estudentsareetheideasabove.Somestudentsthinkthatthey,grammartranslationmethodshouldnotbeabandonedtotall.Inue巧io打2somegyq,,studentsbelievesthatalthough化achingactivitiesarehelftilfbrstimulatinstudentspglearningmotivation,itisnecessaryfor化acherstoimpartknowledgesystematicallyandsummarizetheknowlede.gTheinteractivet:eachingmoderequireshigherqualitiesofthe1:eachers.Teachersshouldnotonlbeknowledeablebutalsohaveexcellentrofessionalskillsandayg,p**eoodvirtue.巧ieuiies化achers化putthstudentsatthece打teroskion.Teacheirsgqpbecometheuidanceandhelerofstude打tsandtreateverstudentwi化过moreoengpypand化lerantatitude.Teachersshouldupdatetheirideologyestablishmodem,educational化eeryandmastermodemeducatio打alskills.Selecti打gtheappropriateeducatio打alresourcescare扣Udesini打interactiveactivitiescarefulrearationfor,ygg,pptheclass,clearandcorrectoralexpression,beinggoodatadjusting化eclassroom54 ChaterFourResultsandDiscussionpatmosphereandso0打arebothchallengeand化巧forkachers.Therefore,teachersneednotonlyread泣wideraneofbooksandenrichtheirknowledeconstantlbutalsoggy,honeandimprove化emselvesinracticeconstantly.pT,osumup,afteraperiodofinteractive化achingexperiment,thestudentsparticipationinclassisobviouslyimrovedandtheirinitiativeismobilized.Accordinpg化socialinteraction化eory,interactionbetween化achersandstudentsbetween(subects),betweenthestudentsandteachincontentorlearningresources(betweenjgsubectsandol)actsandbetweenthethreecanefectivecauseandhave过subtlejj),,,influenceon化estudentslearningbehaviorandstimulatestudentslearninmotivationgti打过Icami打genvironmen.Itcanbeseenfromtheresearchdatathatcomaredwiththerammartranslationpg化achi打methodthealicatio打ofinteractiveteachi打i打化easectoflanuaeg,ppgpggknowedeandramaicabUihasmoreadvanaes.herefo巧,modecanbelgpgttytgTT1晦appliedi打化eracticeoffixtureexpressionsteachin.Stillfurther化isstudexectstopg,ypeeache'hlptrsimprovetheskillsoframmarteaching.Especiallyinthewaveofgeducationreformcurrently,itshouldmeetthe打eedsofdevelopme打tofhighqualifiedteachers.Inthiscontextthisstudhasimortantsinificance.,ypgTodaw地theraiddeveome打titis(iificult仿retraditionalteachinmodey,plp,化g化adattheneedsofersonneltraining.DavidJohnsonhassaidthatinformationispp;,m,transferredfrotheteacherslecturenertestothestudentsno化sbutdid打otassthe,pbrai打(HaoXiaojing,2002).Itisneceissary化CO打ductrefbrm.Co打structivismadmits化atthestudentsare化esubectofstudandoccuthemostimortantositioninjypypp,,classroom1:eachi打g.Teachersroleisto呂uideandstimulatestudentsenthusiasmandearnnetainitiative.Englishligshouldbetheinteractionbtweenthesubec(teachersndjstude打tsorconition)ol)ectE打Ushand化eenvironment.Therammartranslationg,j(g)g化,achi打gmethodinoresthisoint.Theteachinrocessisnotbasedo打the化achersgpgp,化achingbutmainlyo打studentslearnin.Teachersshouldbeawarethatstude打tsare,gnotonlythecarrierofknowledgebutalsothecarrierofconition.Teachersshould,gbelievestudentsandcreateane打vironme打tthatishelfulfbrstudents化interactwi化peachother,sothatstudentscanfullydemonstratetheirabilityintheclassroom,developtheiro化ntialinthei打teractionandachievetheintemalizatio打ofknowledge.p,Gramm站化achingshouldCO打sid巧students打eedsofcommunicationi打Enlish.g55 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文A-tresenttheuaorenedeio打reformi打ourcountrreurescuvainliitducatiltitp,q巧yqg,,studentsinterateddeveomentTheultimateoalistoimrovestudentsabilitoglp.gpytuselanguage.Theideathatlearninggrammaris化copewithexaminatio打mustbeabandoned.Inthewholeinteractivebachingproce巧,化einteractionbetwee打theindividualsandbetween化eindividualsand化ee打viromnent,aswell泣5化eexaminationoftheinteractionresultscannotbesearatedfromtheactualuseoflanuaewhich,pgg'greatlycultivatesstudentslanguagecommunicativeability.Thusitalsoreflectstherequireme打tofthe化eoryofthecommunicativeCachinme化od.gIftheinteractiveactivitiesaremoreauthenticandrelatetotheknowledgemorecoseltheefecofthecassroom;eachi打willbebeterAsmenionerely,tllgt.tdbefo,CO打structivismemhasizestheauthenticityandsituatio打ofteachinactivities.Thepg,tt^interaciveacivities化atareinarealsituationcanstimulatestudentsinterestandparticipation.I打thisparticularsituatio打,theinteractio打betwee打stude打tscanmakethestudentsexressthemselvesmoKbravelyandovercomesycholoicalbarri巧s.Theppguroseoftheinteractionistoletthestudentsmaster化erammaritems.Thereforeppg,kachersshoulddesignthei打teractiveactivitieswhichcanenablestudentstousethe^rammar.Q打theo打eha打dstudentsconfidenceandcouraecanbecultivated.O打theg,gotherhandstudentscanleamknowledeinthisrocess.,gpHumanismrequiresstudentstobethecenteroftheclass.Teachersshouldfullytap,,化estudentshuecrtentialandivefoilla!;〇studentsinitiative.Forthis1:eachersg,pgpy,shouldunderstand化estudentssychology化at化ei:earediferentdevelomenttasksppandcontradictionsi打thedifere打tdevelopmentstagesofthestudents.Understandingthe打eedsofthestude打tscanmakekacherschoosethecorrectteachingmethods化,educatestudents.Accordin化姐ferentstudentspersonalityandsychologicalgpcharacteri巧icsinteractiveCachinshoulddesinthecoixeso打din化achinactivities,ggpggpurposefully.Forexample,fori打trovertedstudents,化achersshouldencouragehim化exresshimselfbraveleesuoundinstudentscommunicaewimandinvieltthrrtthhitpy,gthestudent化speakouthisideain化egroupactivities;forextrovertedstudents,teacheirsshouldmakefulluseoftheircharacteradvantageanduidehim化becomeaggoodhelper化mobilize化eclassroomatmosphere,suchastheinteractionbetweenthe-teacherandstudentswhen化e化acherisdoin化eleadin.At化ismome打t化eteacherg,caninteractwiththisstudentmoretoadusttheclassatmoshere.I打thiswaykachersjp,56 ChaterFourRepsul怯andDiscussion,canimrovethestude打tscharacterexlore化eotentialabilitofthestudentsandp,ppy巧^,promo化theirdevelopmentinmanywayssothatmetheiequirementofeolesppinterativedeveloment.gpCertainly,noteachi打gmodeiserfectsowecannotsathat化achersmustuse也ep,yacivemehod化化achrammarreamleask-chinintert化achingt.Foxtbased化aodegp,gm,comnumicative化achingmodeandsooneachhasadvantaesanddisadvantaes.What,ggwehave化doistoadopttheirgoodpointsandavoidtheirshortcomingsandaccepttheaspecUhatispracticalandgoodforstudents.57 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文Chapt:erFiveConclusion5.1MaorFindinsjgBasedontherelevanteducationtheoryandthecurrentsituationofEnlishfiituregexressionsteachi打i打uniorhihschool化eauthorutsforward化eideaofalinpg,jgpppygtheinteractive1:eachi打gmethodinfutureexressions化achininuniorhihschoolandpgjgmakesanexperimentalstudyonittosolvetheproblemoffutureexpressions化achingintheframeworkofinteractive化achinhels化achers化clariwhethertheg,pfyinteractiveCachingmethodcanbealiedi打futureexressions化achininuniorhihpppgjgschoolandfi打dsefectiveme化odstoteach化efixtureexpressio打sin化einteractiveclass.Throuhdemons化atio打andexperimentalstudy化eauthorthinks化attheg,>ttineractiveteachinmethodcannotonlimrovethelearnersEnlishroficiencbugygy,ppalsomakeupthedeficiencyoftraditionalgrammartranslationteachingmode.Inotherwords,theinteractive化achingmethodscanbeappliedinfutureexpressionsbaching^classandisconduciveforpromotingstudentsinterativedevelopment.gTheinteractiveCachingmethodfoUows化erincilethattakinstudentsas化eppgce打'terandteachersastheinstructor.Accordingtothesocialinteractiontheory,constructivismhumanismand化e化eorofcommunicative化achinaroachit,,ygpp,化,emphasizes化estudentsparticipationandecultivationofstudentsabilityofusinganuaeract-icalchanesonereconaandaicrammarransaoneachnlggply.Itgditilsttgtltitig-mumodeintoamultidirectionalanddnamicinteractio打mode.Itbelievesthatltiytinteractio打isanefectivestrategytomotivatesudents化learnandcombi打etheform,meaningandftmctionoflanguagethrou化einteractionbetween化esubects班j,^environmentalimpactandbehaviorshaping.Itfocusesonthestudentspracticaluseoflanuae.Inracticalactivitiesthereaearinoftheauthenticandmeaninfulggp,ppgg,situationscanarousestudentsi打tere巧inlearningbyavarietyofi打teractiontoachievethetransferofknowledge.Theinteractive化achi打gmethodarguesthatbachersshouldsetup过goode打vironmentand化achingCO打ditions,establishfriendlyanddemocratic^c-ntkaherstudeielationshiandactiveandoenclassroomatmosheresoas1;omakep,ppstudentsmaintainaneficientlearningstateandformalastinlearninmotivatio打.Forgg""therammar化anslation化achinmethodittakestheeacherclassrooma打dtextbookgg,t,58 ChapterFiveConclusionasthecenterandthestudentsastheobect.Learnersreceiveknowledeassivelandjgpyhavenotenoughchanceofractice.TheCachinisnotrelevanttotheracticeandpgpsociety.Taking化etextbookas化ecenterhinderstheextensivereadin呂anddeepthinkingofstudents.I打teractivegrammar化achingisadynamicteachingmode,whichisofgreatsignificancetothereformofEnglishgrammarCachinginjuniorhighschool.Thepreviousexperimentalsoshows化at化ei打teractivegrammarteachingisoularwhhpptheuniormiddleschoolstudents.Itcantrainstude打tst;oracticerammarurosefull,jpgppymasteranddigestthefixtureexpressionsandrealizetheinteractionbetweeneoleandppknowledeoframmarin"steni打seaki打readinandwriti打underheuidanceoftggg,pg,gggteachers.Intheinteractiveactivities化achersshoulduidestudents化conductfUll,gythinkingandunderstandi打g.Meanwhile,化einteractiveteachingmethodencouragesstudents化studyinaoodstatebothmentallyandhysicallwhihis过kindofgpy,prore巧ecau化of过areofmechancarannofmmatransatonpg■Blgnumb巧iltiiggrarliteachingmethodwhichmaybememorizingmechanicallyorconstantlycopyingit,,wearsstudentslearnininterestdownandmakesstude打tslosetheenthusiasm化learngEnglishgrammar,sothatmos;tofthestudentsi打juniorhighschoolthinkgrammarlearningisaverbori凸thi打.Theinteractive化achinmethodishelfoltoimroveygggppthesituatio打andromotethebachingreform.Thegrammartransiatio打CachingpSmethodis泣ki打dofmethodthatu化sthestudcntsundcrstandi打goframmarandgCO打ductsteachi打gwithtransJatio打?Thestuden化madeveloahabitthatrelin0。ypyg杜an*slatio打whenusingfbieinlanuae.Thegrammartranslatio打化achinmethodaysggggp>atentiontothecultivationofstudcntsreadingandtranslationabilitandmemorofyygrammarrulesandvocabulary;打theteachi打gprocess.Themai打classroomactivityistoreadthetextaloudwordbwordandsentencebsente打ceanalzeandexlaintheyy,ypwordmeaninrammarformandsentencestructureinthe化巧anddothetranslation.g,gTeachersemphasizethegrammarinlanguagelearning,化achgrammarandprovide,examlese打te打cesbasedonthedefinitio打whichdeartfromthestudentstual打eedsp,p过candlanguageroficiency.Learnersmasterforeignlanguagethrouhlentofpgpytranslationexercisesandrecitinrammarrulesnelectinthecultivationofgg,呂gronunciationandcommunicativeabilit.The化achi打methodissinlethe化achinpygg,gprocessisboring,化eteachingstepsarefixed,and曲eclassatmosphereisdepressing,59 陕西师范大学硕壬学位论文,whichmakesthelearnersinterestnoteasy1:0bearoused.Inaddition,l:eachersshouldnotonlybeknowledgeable,butalsoupdatemodemeducationalideologyandmasterthemodeml:echnologyofCachineuipme打t.ThegqdevelopmentofinteractiveCachingme化odneeds化esuortofmodemeducationalpptechnology.Thisis化6efectoftheenvironmento打thesubectandbehavior.Thejinteractive化achi打gmethodreardsstudentsasthesubectofinformationrocessin.Itgjpgisdificultforthestudents化achievethegoalofactiveprocessingandCO打stmctio打of>informationonlydependin〇打163(:116巧exlanationof1:extbook.Thedevelomentofgppmodemeducationaltechnologyprovidesastro打gtechnicalsupportforinteractive化aching.Itchangesthetraditional化achingme化ods,and化isveryrefreshing.InteractiveCachingadvocatesinteractio打inthe化泣1situation,sowiththehelpoffunctionsoflainvideoandaudiodislainmodelicturesonlinecommunication,,pygpygp,distancelearningfunctionandsooncanbothhelptheteachersavestimeandeflFortto,rovidestudentswithcreativebackroundactivitandbeconvenientforstudents化pgy,browseinformationandcommunicatewithpeople.Themodemeducatio打al1:echnologyprovides泣goodlatformforinteractiveteachingsoastobeterachievetheexectedp,pt1:eachi打obectives.Atthesametimeicanmakefoiluseofthenetworkresourcesgj,,realizetheinteractionwiththenetworkresourcesandoenawiderknowledesace,pgpforthestudents.O打thecontrar化erammartranslationteachinme化oddoesnotrely,ggyo打thekchnolover1tgyymuch.The;eachersareonlyrequiredtomaserthebasic>languageknowledgeandconductEnglishteachinwi&atextbookateachersg,guidebookandachalk.Certainly,thegrammartranslation化achingmethodhasitsadvantages.Diferent"teachi打methodsstudytheroblemsa打ddraw泣theorofmutualcontactandmutualgpy*restraintfrom出ferentsides.Thetheoriesofthe出ferentaspectshavetheirielativetmthfiilne巧.Theyallhavemadereatcontributions化thetheoryandracticeofgp"forenanuaeachnmeodsrammartransan化achniglgg化igth.LiuRunin1999Gltioi(qg,)gme化odisrigorousandeasytoconduct.Takinreadingasthemai打teachinuroseggppandtrainingaroach化erammartranslationmethodishelfulforstudentstomasterpp,gp,*过oodfo-reinlanuaelearninhabitsandform过firmselflearninabUit.Whatsggggggymore,Chinahasavastterritorysothatthedevelopmentofeachregionisextremelyunbalanced.Alsothebasiceducationinvestmentiinsuficienttheteachineuiment,s,gqp60 ChaterFiveConclusionpisbackwardandthe化achersstre打gthisweak.Thegrammartranslationteachingmethodcanmakeupthesedeficiencies,especiallyi打theconditionoflowlevelofEnglishproficiencyinruralareas.Due化theemphasis0打the化achingoflanguage,vocabularyandgrammaticalstructureofthegrammartranslationteachi打gmethod,in*-化nthelontermcontrastingprocessbetweenthe抗ieinlanguageandmotherueggg,mo,languagelearningisbecomingrestrictandaccurate化ensurethestudentsunderstandiiigofwordsentenceandtext.。ishdfUlfbrthestudents化acuitthe,pqlanguageinformationfromthegrammarstructure,soastofirmlygrasptheuseofn'foKiglanguage.TeacherScan化achfutureexpressionsmai打lybaseontheinteractivemethodandusetherammartranslationteachin.化achi打gmethodas泣sulementInggppe'化rocessofsecific化achinimlementationtheteachersshouldrastherelevantppgp,gprincilesofteachingsummarize化evariousroblemsinteachinrocessintimeandpp,pgp",improvethe化achinmethod.Whatsmorebasedo打thearticulariofthefutureg,p巧,,tenseEnlishlearnersE打lishteachersandtex化ookcomilersshouldamore,g,gppyatenUo打to化esubtle出fere打cesoffuturetenseexpressionsandrovidesuficientp午contextualknowledeinut.I打thiswaywecanet泣beterE打lishrammarteachingp,gggginuniorhihschoolwhichwillhelstudentstranslatethelanuaeknowledeintojg,pggglanuaeskillsanddevelotheabilityuseEnlishfbrcommunication.ggp化g5.2Limitationscourseaeraasmore-Ofthislsohlimitationsandneeds化conductainde化,pppstudy.Thestudylastedonlythreeweeksandthestudytimewaslimited.Theefectivenessoftheinteractive化achingmethodcannotbewellexaminedinsuchashorttime.Alsotheauthoris打otverfamiliarwithallthestudentsinbothoftheclass巧and,ymamsunersandereanineveyidtthilrlls.g,?的earchwereon-Whats〇1〇巧theIsubectsltwoclassstudenfeinradetwoin,jyguniorhihschoolhenumb巧ofleswamallwhichcouldnodeerminehg.Tsamsstttejp,actualrammar化achi打intherradesorclasses.Inadditiontheexerientwasonlggo,mgpyconductedi打oneuniorhihschoolwhichcannotbecomared〇化6[schools.jgp,Studentslearninefectmabeafectedbmanfactorssuchasaeenderyy,gyg,gpersonalityandsoon.Besidestheauthorhasalimitedabilitsotheexerimentdesi打andtfiedesinof,ypgg61 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文thesampleclassesare打oterfect.Thede打ciencyoftheclassdesignmaafectthepy,山hostudentslearninefect.And比earisnotexeriencedi打classma打aementsoitisgpgdificultfor1:heairthor化guidel:hestudents化dotheactivitiesaslanandriiismaybeapfacrhaafectsheefectiveneofheinteraciveachinmetiiod.化tttsstt化g5.3FutureResearchTheauthorthinksthatfuturere化archshouldconductexperime打tindiferentgradesandexpand化esizeofsamplesandsee化eefectivenessof化einteractive1:eachingm巧hodapplicatio打indiferentgradesandstudentssothatmakethestudymo**reeisuasive.Besidesthefixtureiesearchshouldcarroutexedmentsinotherp,ypuniorhihschoolsinthefuturesothatthisstudcanbemoredetailed.Moreoverthejg,y,futureresearchshoulddesigntheexperimentmorecarefullyandtrytomakeitperfectandreducetheirrelevantfactors.Lastthetimedurationoftheexerimentshouldbe,plo打genouh化seetheefectivenessofthe化achinmode.ggAlthoughtherearemanydeficienciesi打化isexperiment,ithasapositiveefectonchaninthetraditionalgrammarteachinmode.Theauthorexec化interactivegggp化achingmethodcanbefollyandefectivelyimplemented,andsincerelyhopesandgratitudeeducatio打experts,scholarsand化achersutforwardsomesues巧onsforthispg呂aertomake化ethorconductamoreerfectresearch.ppaup62 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陕西师范大学硕±学位论文AendixesppAppendixI前测试卷姓名班级成绩I.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicestocomletethepseiit:ences.40%()1.Msisterwantsanewdress.Sheit化theart.ypyA.wearsB.haswornC.woreD.isgoingtowear…dif〇thearttisevenn2.Io打、knowMr.Li!;hi.pyg—Ithinkhewillcomeifhefree.A.willcomeisB.willcomewillbe;;C.comes;isD.comes;willbe3as.Thetaskinanhour.Thenwecanohomeandhaveoodret.ggA.wasfinishedBwillbefinished.C'.hasbeenfinishedD.cantbefinished4.SummerholidaiscominiLeiwithhisfathertoo化Shanhai.yg;LggA.wantBwlwatC.wantsD.wanted.iln5.There过birthdayartthisSunda.pyyA.化beB.willbeC.shallgoing化beD.willgoing化be6.Heverybusthisweekhefreenextweek.y,A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe66 Aendixespp,--e—teerview7.Ltsdiscusshlanshallwe?Notnow.I化anint.p,A.oB.wentC.amabout化oD.wasoingggg8."rain.A1.isoing:0B.willbeC.isD.shallbeg9.Wetheworkthiswanexttime.yA.doB.willdoC.oingtodoD.willdoingg10.oufree打extSunda?yyA.WillareB.WillbeC.DobeD.Arebe;;;;11.KeeracticinandouourEnlish.ppgyygA.improveB.willimproveC.improvedD.areimproving--12.Ibringsomefood泣icnic?p—Goodidea.AC化D.Will/化B.Will/fbr.Shall/.Shall/for13.Shenextmonth.A.ismarriedB.is化etmarriedC.willmarriedD.isoin化marriedggg14.Hewillhave过ho"dayassoonashetheworknextweek.'A.finishesBdoesnfinishCwillfinishD.wo打finish.t.15.Charlieherenextmonth.,,A.isntworkinB.does打tworkingg’化,C.isntoinworkinD.wontworkggg16.Thetrainatll.At.goi口goarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingD.isarriving67 陕西师范大学硕丈学位论文17.Stevenandhismo化erointobuham.webusome,化o?ggyyA.will/WillB.will/ShallCare/WillD.are/Shall-18.ShallIcomeaain化morrowafternoon?g-(好的)?A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwill.'ClDNwont.Noease..oou.,p,y19.ThereatalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoing化giveD.is—se20.Whereithmomi打gaer?pp—Iitforouatonce.yA.etB.amettinC.toetD.amabo山化etgggggII.Fillin化eWankswkhroerformsof化everbs.30%pp()21.1write)toyouassoonasIgettoGuanzhou.(g22.Theynothaveanclassesnextweek.()y23.Theclassbeoverintenminutes.()24.1amsureheasstheexamnextyear.(p)25.IfeverythingisOKIask)ou化workwithme.,(y26.Harryofteno化schoolo打foot.Butitisrain>ciasohe(g)yUyobbus.(g)y27.They(help)GrannyLi(clean)herhousetomorrowafternoon.68 Aendixespp28,Shedoherhomeworknowbutsheo化thecinema(),(g)rcassmaesomorrowevennwithhelttig,29.1(leave)inaminute,I(finish)allmyworkbeforeI(leave).30.Itisvercoldthesedas.It(snow)soon.yy1旺Rewrite化esen化nc的?30%()31.Hecomesbacklate,intwodas(y)32.Chinaisamodemandstrongcountry.intwentyyears()33-Sheisoin化listentomusicafterschool?对划线部分提问)gg(sheafterschool?34.Maryfinishesherhomework,inaminute()35.1sometimeswrhe化mymotheri打theevening,(tonight)69 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文AendixIIpp后测试卷姓名班级成绩I.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicestocomle化thepsenl:ences.40%()1.Heherabeautifulhato打her打extbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgiveD.isgoing化giving2-eeomoow?.oufrtrry-No.Ifreethedaafter:omorrow.y1A.Are;going化;willB.Are;going化be;willC.Areoin化willbeD.Are;oin化bewillbe;gg;gg;3.Tomorrowheakkeintheope打airfirsta打dthenboatin主打the,gpark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.打ies;willgo4.Thedaafteromorrowthe过volleballmach.ytytyA.willwatchinB.watchesgC.iswatchingD.areointowatchgg5.ThereabirthdaartythisSunda.ypyA.shallbeB.willbeC.shalloin化beD.willoi打化begggg70 Aendixespp6.TheyanEnlisheveninnextSunda.ggyAarehavareoinohave.ingB.ggtC.willhavinD.isoi打tohaveggg7.Heinthreedays.A.cominbackB.camebackgC.willcomebackD.isoin化comingbackgg’8Ir.msohunr.Idinne.gyA.willB.amgoi打gtohaveC.amgoing化D.willhave—we9aemeet?.WhUim,—sevenoclock.A.shall/WhataboutB.shall/IsitD,C.will/Whatabou.will/Thatsui1:eearltqy10.Thebusleaserun?,pA.iscomi打g/quicklyB.isgoi打gtocome/quicklyC.iscoming/uickD.willcome/quickq'—eera11.Ptdontlathtkindofokeanmore!,pyjy--Sorr!Idoitaain.yg,,,,A.wontB.cantC.mustotD.wouldnt,?12Lt.esoo山化lafbo化allshallwe?gpy,—OK.I?A.willcomingB.beoin化comeggC.comeD.amcoming’—13.Ido打tknowifhisuncle?'—I也inkheifitdoesntrain.A.willcomecomesB.willcomewillcome;;C.comes;comesD.comes;willcome71 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文14.ourbro化eramagazinefromthelibrary?yA.Areoi打toborrowB.Isointoborrow;gg;ggCs.reointoborrows.WillborrowDA;;gg15.Thetrainleave.A.isabout化B.isC.willbeD.ointogg16.Thetrainat11.A.oin化arriveB.willbearriveggC.isgoingtoD.isarriving17.Itus过longlime化learnEnlishwell.gA.TakesB.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend^18.1believethatthosemountainswithtreesinafewearstime.yA.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.arecoveringD.willcover19.1willseeouaain.ygA.adayB.everyda.onedayD.everdayyCy20.Ifourovernmentatentio打化controllinfoodsafetnow,ourheal化in过ggyanger.'A'.wontayisB.doesntais;py;p’'wB.C.wontawillbeD.doesntaillbepy;py;*II.Fillin化eblankswi化properformsof化eveibs.30%()21.MayIhaveawordwithoulease?y,pSorryVminabigurr.Mtrainleaveintenminutes.h),yy(22.Look!Thecloudsareatherin.Itrainsoon.gg()23.Alltheyoungpeopleinthe1:ownaregladhearthatafamous()musicianiveaconcertthisSaturdaevenin.(g)yg72 Aendixespp,24-t.Ieouacoof化dasnewsaer?(g)ypyypp-Thankou.y25.巧ouuticeinawarmlaceitturnintowater.ypp,()26.LinTaostudJaanesenextterm.(y)p27.Ihave泣icnicwi比mfriends.py28.Theirdauhtermarriedsoon.g29.IlabasketbalHomorrowafternoon.py30.Iamafraidthereameeti打thisafternoon.Ican、oi打ou.gjyIII.Rewrke化esen化nces.30%()31?Isometimeswrite化mype打palintheevening,(thisevening)32.Wearegoinghikingnextweekend.对划线部分提问)(33.Jackalwasconiesbacklatefromwork,tomorrowy()34.Mfatherandmotherareoin化seealay化edaaftertomorrow.对划线部分提yggpy(问)*ee35.1U)〇kartintheCO打certthedabefoisterda,toniht)pyyy(g73 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文AendixIIIppQuestionnaire八年级学生英语语法教学情况调查问卷亲爱的同学:你好!感谢你抽出时间来阅读这份问卷,本调查问卷是为了完成《交互式教学法和语法翻译法在初中英语语法教学中的对比:W将来表达法为例》的论文研究工作而设计的。相信每位学生都会对英语语法学习有或多或少的看法,你的意见对于本裸题的研究具有十分重要的意义。每个问题无对错之分,希望各位同学认真阅读,按实际情况独立完成此问卷。本问卷采用无记名方式,不会对个人和学校产生任何影响。在此我对于你的协助表示深深的感谢!,谢谢你的合作班级性别年龄""请在符合你实际情况的选项上打V。A:完全同意B:基本同意C:无所谓D:不同意E:完全不同意1.我喜爱当前的课堂教学方法,师生关系和谐,课堂教学中W学生为主体。ABCDE2.课堂教学形式灵活多样,有个人自主学习、小组合作学习、全班集体学习等。ABCDE3.在学习新的语法知识时,先斤细观察语法点,然后把新旧语法知识联系。起来,从中得出结论ABCDE4.更愿意积极主动地参与到当前课堂的活动中来。ABCDE74 Aendixespp5.能够把新学到的语法知识灵活地应用到新的不同的情境中去。ABCDE6.将新学到的语法知识运用于不同的句子情境中,能够正确理解语法的意义、功能和形式。ABCDE.通过自主学习或者小组合作学习7,我能够通过学习材料总结归纳出相应的语法规则,并牢记。ABCDE8.课上课下我都经常与教师、同学研究讨论有关语法的知识。ABCDE9.能够正确对待教师布置的英语作业,主动思考检查,发现错误时能及时改正过来。ABCDE10.我认为当前课堂语法教学非常有用,能切实提高我的语法成绩。ABCDE75 陕西师范大学硕±学位论文AendixIVppScoreof化eTest编号巧制班前測控制班后测实验班前测实验班后测IIII1^^^^2^W^巧3^^^巧 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