高一英语语法 13页

word版-精品资料分享高一英语语法一.句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtohealth.（动名词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Classisover.（副词）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的特征或状态的。Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）（九）同位语：用来说明或者解释同一事物或人，通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可由以下形式表示：Mr.Smith, ournewteacher, isverykindtous. YesterdayImetTom, afriendofmybrother"s. Thefact thathehadnotsaidanything surprisedeverybody．★即时训练：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.16.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.18.Theapplestastedsweet.二.英语句子分类一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.三.简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+谓语（不及物动词）：e.g.Wework.3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.★即时训练：判断简单句的五种基本句型。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.8.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.9.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.10.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.11.Theideasoundsgreat.12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.13.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.14.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.四.定语从句讲解(1)（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。   关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.  该句中，who is  shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)（二）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表功能作用用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhose(=of分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享whom)which)1．who  指人，在定语从句中作主语。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.      昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.        那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom  指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.      刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.      李明正是我想要见的男孩。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man (whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.   这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.   他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?   我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.   你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.   春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.   昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。*具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：*1）当先行词是：all,any,much;little;none;anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat"smissing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who，以避免重复。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况：*1)关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享*3)先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime即时训练：Iwilltellhimallyoutoldmeattheball.Theonlythingwecoulddowastowait.ThefirstplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesweremembered.5．Whose  通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.   我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?  （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.  他曾经就读过的学校很出名。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。★即时训练：一、请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)Eg.1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.2.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.3.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.5.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?6.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?7.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.二．定语从句易犯错误（改错）1．SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．2．Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．3．Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．4．Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome．5．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．6．Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．7．Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．8．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．9．Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？10．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．三、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.5.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.6.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.7.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.8.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.9.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.10.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.11.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.12.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?13.Shehateseverything_____________ismodern.14.Shewroteabookaboutthepeopleandthings_____________impressedhermostdeeplyduringherstaythere.15.Heistheonlyperson_____________waspresentatthetime.16.Thisisthebestcar_____________ismadeinChina.定语从句讲解(2)（一）关系副词引导的定语从句1． when  指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.      我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。2． where  指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.  上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition,degree和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。3. why  指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.  请告诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.  他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。     注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.       自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.      他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.       他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。总的说来,选择介词，一是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，二是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配，三是根据句子意思表达的需要。1.考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配①Thedocumentswhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.②Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom(2004上海卷)分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配HereferredmetosomereferencebookswhichIamnotveryfamiliar.2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：①I’llneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgoodbyetome.②TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich3，考查根据句意确定介词①Tom,whomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.②Iamlookingformyglasses,whichIcan’twatchTVclearly.③Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.   as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：He is honest, as / which we can see.  他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：As is known to all, China is a developing country.   众所周知，中国是发展中国家。John, as you know, is a famous writer.  正如你所知， 约翰是个著名作家。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.  汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。1.  当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.  我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.  这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.  她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.  她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。  (三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中当方式状语时，用in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.  他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.      我不喜欢你冲她的样子。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：A.  I know a place ________ we can have a picnic.      。     I know a place ___________is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.   B.   I will never forget the days __________ we spent our holidays together.         I will never forget the days ____________ we spent together.      C.  This is the reason _________ he was dismissed.           这就是他被解雇的原因。     This is the reason ____________he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.    (五)定语从句的其他要点*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.*先行词为time时，若time当“次数“讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可以省略；若time当“一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或者介词at/during+which引导定语从句。如：Thisisthesecondtime__________IhavevisitedtheGreatWall.Therewasatime______________Ihatedtogotoschool.巩固练习1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear. A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt? A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.Pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whose B.its C.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.  A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowtheperson____wearetalking? A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn. A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher. A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass. A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,_____hewillbebackfromShanghai. A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone. A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,___thelargestisTaiwan. A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere. A.what B.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth. A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded? A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt. A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow. A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun. A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear? A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir?分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享 A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who20.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress. A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich21.Hewroteseveralsongslastyear,andthreeof_____wereverypopularamongyoungpeople.A.themB.whichC.whatD.that22.Doyouremembertheday_____wespent_____climbingMountTailastsummer?A.;goingB.when;ingoingC.onwhich;goingD.which;togo23.I’llneverforgetthedays____weplayedtogetherinourchildhood.A.whichB.thatC.D.when24.Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hegotuptoolate.A.why,thatB.that,whyC.why,becauseD.that,because25.Thereason______hetoldussoundsreasonable.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forwhich26.Thenews______hehaswonthemedalistrueA.thatB.whichC.D.what27.Thenews______hetoldusisnottrue.Whichisnotright?A.thatB.whichC.D.what28.Thehouse_____havebeenbroken_____toberepaired.A.whichwindows,needsB.whosewindow,needsC.thewindowofit,needD.thewindowsofwhich,needs29.Thechildren____parentsdiedhasjustbeensenttoanorphan’shouse.A.hisB.thatC.whoseD.which30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______latethismorning.A.whoisB.whowasC.whoareD.whowere对比练习：（填空）(1)Theschool_______________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolin_______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_______________youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazinefor_______________youasked.(5)We"llgotohearthefamoussinger_______________wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We"llgotohearthefamoussingerabout_______________wehaveoftentalked.(7)Thisisthewatch_______________Iamlookingfor.(8)Themanwith_______________youtalkedismyfriend.(9)Theplanein_______________weflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(10)Helovedhisparentsdeeply;bothof_______________areverykindtohim.(11)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof _______________havegonebad.(12)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof_______________arefrombigcities.(13)Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.  Iwillneverforgettheday   __________wespentinBeijing.(14).Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow. Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.(15)IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.(16).Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.(17).Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.(18).Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享(19).Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.(20)Doyoulikethebook ____________shespent$10?    (21)Doyoulikethebook ____________shepaid$10?(22)Doyoulikethebook ____________shelearnedalot?   二、直击高考I.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1. The weather was very sunny the following day, ________ was what we expected. 2. The man about _______ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief. 3. I have finished reading all the books ________ were borrowed from the school library. 4. He wrote a lot of well-received novels, most of _______ were translated into foreign languages. 5. I cannot forget the time _________ I stayed in the country with those farms 6. ______ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a stop7. Lu Xun, ______  name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays.8. Do you still remember the happy days _______ we spent together in Beijing. 9. He came out top in the exam, ______ made his family very happy. 10. Is this the reason _____ he is late again? 11. I don’t think the reason _______ he explain at the meeting was reasonable. 12. Thedaysaregone_____physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.13. The students are talking about the strange people and stories _______ they met in the adventure. 14.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof Ihadevermetbefore.15.Ihavereachedapointinmylife         Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.16.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor       dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.17.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake18.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，turnedouttobeawisedecision.II.单句改错1.Shebroughtforwardaplanwhichwedidn’tagree.2.Itiswellknown,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinarecently.3.Hetalkedofthingsandpersonswhomhehadseenabroad.4.Youcancometoseemetomorrowmorning,whichIwillbefree.5.TheplacewhereintereststhechildrenmostisDisneyland.6.WhenpeopletalkaboutthefamousscenicspotinChina,thefirstonecomesintomindistheGreatWall.7.DoyouhaveanythingwhichImustdoforyou?8.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.9.ThisisthemonitorherEnglishisthebestinourclass.10.Asyouknowit,hehasleftforAustralia.11.Themeetingwasputoff,thatwasexactlywhatwewanted.12.Idon"tlikethewaywhichyoutreatyourmother.13.Hetoldthegoodnewstothosewhowaspresentatthemeeting.14.Isthisthepenyourfatherboughtitforyou?15.Haveyoubeentothecompanywheresheworksthere?16.MothercamebackonDecember21whenwasmybirthday.17.IshallneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithyou.18.Isthisallwhatyouwanttosay?19.Helivedinahouse,infrontofitheplantedsomebeautifulflowers.五.名词性从句分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.②介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享即时练习：一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.二、直击高考I.单句改错1.Whathesaidnothingatthemeetingsurprisedus.2.Whocaughttherobberwouldbegivenarewardof$2,ooo.3.Thereasonwhyhemissedthelecturewasbecausehehadtakenawrongbus.4.Thefinalsuccessbelongstowhomeverworkshard.5.Whetherhewaschosenmadeuswildwithjoy.6.Whetherthesportsmeetwillbehelddependsonifitisfinetomorrow.7.Johnismoreofatalkerthanadoer.That’swhathehasn’tfinishesanything.8.That’swhathemanagedtopassthedrivingtest.9.Istillrememberwhichitusedtobeasmallvillage.II.单句填空（在空格处填上适当的关连词：） 1. The question is ___________ the film is worth seeing. 2. Do you doubt ________ I believe you ? 3. This museum is not _______ it was ten years ago. 4. __________ we will go camping depends on the weather. 5. The reason ________ he was absent was _______ he wasn’t interested in the meeting. 6. The suggestion ____students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.7. The old woman was shocked by _________ had happened to her daughter. 8. ________ he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. 9. Now we can see __________ a serious problem the population is. 10. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _______ there’s a post office near here? 11. There’s some doubt _________ she will be able to repay the money on time. 12. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 13. _______ he doesn’t like them is very clear. 14. We should help _____ is in need of our help. 15. Doingregularexercise is _______ we must always keep in mind. 16. We know little about the young lady except ______ you told me. 17. I know nothing about her except ________ she is from Canada.18. The child is fat. That’s ______ he has a sweet teeth. 19.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis___heneverfinishesanything.分享精品资料 word版-精品资料分享20. Information has come ___ the superstar Zhang Ziyi will play the leading role in this film.二、用适当的连词填空：1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.____________weneedismoretime.5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.分享精品资料