最全初中英语语法之-现在完成时和过去完成时教案 13页

现在完成时一.用法：（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别：强调过去—一般过去式强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。　　试比较：      Ihavelostmynewbook. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）      Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）MymotherwenttoShanghai.Whereisyourmother?---ShehasgonetoShanghai..Ididn’thavebreakfast.Ihaven’thavebreakfastyet.      （2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：       --Haveyouhadlunchyet?    --Yes,Ihave.I"vejusthadit.        你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 Hehasbeeninthearmyfortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince1980.      （4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once;二次:twice,三次：threetimes…,ever,never等时间状语。       如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。 IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.Shehaswatchedthisfilmthreetimes.Ihaveneverseenmorebeautifulgirlthanshe.练习1.我已经在深圳住了十年。___________________________________2.我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。___________________________________3.我踢足球已经有两年了。___________________________________4.我自从1996年就认识玛丽___________________________________5.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.6.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.7.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.8.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.9.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.二.构成：(1)肯定句：have/hasdone(2)否定句：...have/hasnotdone(3)一般疑问句：Have/Has...done....?Yes,...have/has.No,...have/hasnot.(4)常用的时间状语有：already“已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处never“从不”中间处ever“曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处just“刚刚”中间处yet“已经”、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用. A.already和yet区别:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.already用在_______，位于_______。“已经”Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”B.for与since区别:for+时间段since+时间点IhavelivedinChangchun__________twoyears.Ihavebeenhere__________7o"clock. 用since和for填空1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.______4hours8._______anhour9._______wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.______shelefthere12,_______shewasveryyoung13._______shewasachild14,_____morethantwentyyears三.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法区别（一）.have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarmhavebeenhere(there)/abroad（二）.have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？ have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。（三）.have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习I.用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David___________theparkjustnow.3)John__________Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_________have_________thisvillage?5)TheSmiths__________Beijingforyears.6)________youever_________America?--Yes,I_________theremanytimes.7)I_________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He________thefarm.9)When________he_________?He__________anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_________thezoowithme?---Yes,butI_______therebefore.11)Where_________you_________now?---I___________thezoo.12)Heoften_________swimming.13)__________you__________therelast year?14)__________theyoften__________skatinginwinter?四.注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow→keep,   buy→have,    begin/start→beon,die→bedead,    join→bein/bea memberof-，come/arrive→behere/in,come/getback→beback,     go/leave→beaway(from),   marry→bemarried(to),  【练一练】在现在完成时中，在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________动词来代替__________.例如：borrow→___________,   buy→_______________,    begin/start→_____________,die→_______________,    join→__________________，come/arrive→_____________come/getback→_____________,     go/leave→_____________,   marry→_______________,  练习1)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.3)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.4)Hecamebacktwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.5）HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutes ago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.4)Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.③become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.I__________________ateacherfor__________________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosed，open→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor____________________________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup，die→bedeadleavesw.→beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleepfinish/end→beovermarry→bemarried1)Igotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________.2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since_________ __________.6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I______________________atthisschoolsince___________.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________________________________for________________________.⑦borrow→keep，lose→nothave，buy→have，puton→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold，gettoknow→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________________himsince____________________.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin1)HehasgonetoBeijing.He___________________________________________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears. 巩固练习一．根据提示完成句子1.他的爷爷去世三年了。Hisgrandfather________threeyearsago.Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3years.Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3yearsago.2你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？Howlonghaveyou_______thebike?3我买这本故事书三年了。I______thisstorybookthreeyearsago.Ihave_______thisstorybook______threeyearsago.Ihave_______thisstorybook________threeyears.4.他参军十年了。He______theArmythreeyearsago.Hehas___________theArmy___________.Hehas_____a_____________theArmyfor3years.5.玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary________toJohntenyearsago.Mary______________________toJohnfortenyears.6.我入团2年了。I________________________________twoyearsago.I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears.I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears.I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.7.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.8.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.9.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.10.Hecamebacktwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.11.HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.二．改错1.Hurryup!Theywaitforus.2.Areyourememberinghisname?3.I’mlikingthefilmverymuch.4.I’llbegladifitwillsnowsoon. 5.Doesshegoestoschooleveryday?6.IhaveseenBettyyesterday7.Ididn’tseetheheadmasterforweeks.8.He’sjustgoneout,isn’the?9.Hisgrandpahasdiedfortwoweeks.三．根据提示完成句子1.他的爷爷去世三年了。Hisgrandfather________threeyearsago.Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3years.Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3yearsago.2你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？Howlonghaveyou_______thebike?3我买这本故事书三年了。I______thisstorybookthreeyearsago.Ihave_______thisstorybook______threeyearsago.Ihave_______thisstorybook________threeyears.4.他参军十年了。He______theArmythreeyearsago.Hehas___________theArmy___________.Hehas_____a_____________theArmyfor3years.5.玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary________toJohntenyearsago.Mary______________________toJohnfortenyears.四.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。五．单项选择（）1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what"shappenedtohim.　　Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow（）2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?　　Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still（）4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.　　Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten（）5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.　　　—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.　　Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;good　　Ｃ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better 　（）6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.　　Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;study　　Ｃ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying　（）7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.　　Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew（）8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.　　Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see（）9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.　　—Really?When_____there?　　Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygo　　Ｃ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone（）10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?　　—Yes.I_____itamomentago.　　Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finished　　Ｃ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish（）11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.　　Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin　（）12、—Doyouknowhimwell?　　—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.　　Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade　（）13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?　　—Abouttwomonths.　　Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived　()14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.　　Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegun　　Ｃ.hasbeenonＤ.began()15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.　　Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was()16、MissGreenisn"tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.　　Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoD.hasbeen　()17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.　　Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento　　Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen（）18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey（）19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived（）20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity 过去完成时一．【含义】      过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如: HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter. 他问你是否给Peter写信了。二．【结构】①基本形式:had+过去分词。如:Wehadreachedthetopofthehillbeforemidnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。②否定形式:had+not+过去分词。如:Theyhadn’tfinishedtheworkwhenwegotthere.我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。③一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes,主语+had./No,主语+hadn’t.如:  —Hadhetoldyoutogothereearlieryesterday?    他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?  —Yes,hehad.(No,hehadn’t.)是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。)④.被动语态形式：had+been+过去分词。如：WhenIgotthere,thewindowshadbeenbroken.当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。三．【用法】①用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如:MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。②用在“after/before/when+过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。如:MotherhadalreadycookedsupperbeforeIreturnedhome.在我回到家前,妈妈已经把饭做好了。③和由for或since引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如: Hehadworkedinthatfactoryforfiveyearsbeforehemovedhere.他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。                  <与其他时态间的联系与区别>　　1.与一般过去时：和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、lastyear等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadvisitedsevendifferentcities.截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。WelearnedanotherEnglishsonglastmonth.上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。　　2.与现在完成时：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：　　Ihavebeentheretwice.我去过那儿两次。IhadbeentheretwicebeforeIwenttoschool.在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。 练习I.从下面各题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。(   )1.—DidyouseeMr.SmithwhenyouwereinFrance?            —No,whenI_____France,he______toChina.       A.hadarrived,hadgoneB.arrivedto,went       C.gotto,hadgoneD.hadgotto,wouldgo(   )2.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests_____whenhe_____attheparty.A.left,hadarrived           B.left,arrived C.hadleft,hadarrived    D.hadleft,arrived(   )3.We______fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear. A.hadlearned   B.havelearned C.learned        D.willhavelearned(  )4.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI______agooddrink.A.hadenjoyed   B.wasenjoying C.hasenjoyed   D.hadbeenenjoying(   )5.Catherine______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswritten       B.waswrittenC.hadwritten     D.iswritingII.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Mary_____already_____(try)thedressonbeforesheboughtit.2.Iwassurprisedtofindthatallmyclassmates_____(go)tothelabwhenI_____(get)totheclassroom.3.Whenshe_____(finish)herworkintheoffice,Mrs.Smithleft. 4.Mr.Feng_____(teach)Unit16bytheendoflastweek.5.Mr.Smith_____(live)inEuropeforfifteenyearsbeforehe_____(go)toAustralia.KeyI.1-5CDAAC        II.1.had;tried  2.hadgone;got  3.hadfinished  4. hadtaught  5.hadlived;完成时态专练1.He___________（turn）offthelight.Wecanleavenow.2.Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilm___________（begin）.3.She___________（finish）herhomeworkbeforeIleftschool.4.Mymother___________（be）ateachersince2003.5.Hetoldusthathe___________（give）thebooktohisbrother.6.I___________（wash）alltheclothes.SoIcanhavearest.7.They___________（stay）inChinaforalongtime.8.Myfather___________（arrive）homebeforenineo’clocklastnight.Key1.hasturned2.hadbegan3.hadfinished4.hasbeen5.hadgiven6.havewashed7.havestayed8.hadarrived