英语语法虚拟语气 4页

奥赛班英语高中英语语法——虚拟语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持有的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气，即陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。这里主要谈谈虚拟语气，虚拟语气表示的是说话人的主观愿望，假设和虚拟的情况，用在非真实条件句中，表示与事实相反或很难实现的愿望。动词的形式有以下几种变化：（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。如：IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。如：Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.IfIhadknownhertelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.（3）表示与将来事实相反，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。如；Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.（4）错综时间虚拟条件句：当非真实条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytirednow.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)Ifshehadn"ttrainedsohard,shewouldn"tbeabletorunsofast.如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑那么快。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）。Ifhehaddiedintheaccident,hecouldn"tstandinfrontofyounow.如果他在那次事故中死去，现在就不会站在你面前。以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形注意：有时候可省略if,把助动词，情态动词或be动词提前,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主语”。如：WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.虚拟语气在从句的应用：1.在Itis(high)timethat的句型中，that从句的谓语动词要用过去式表示虚拟语气，但意指“未来”，意思是“是……的时候了”，句中的“that”可以省略。例如：Itishightimetheyweretaughtalesson.（该是教训他们的时候了）。2.在Ifonly引导的感叹句中，也要用虚拟语气，谓语形式与非真实条件句的从句相同，意为“要是……该多好啊！”或“但愿……”。例如：Ifonlywehadn’tmisstheclasses!(要是我们没有旷课多好啊！)。3.虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，用过去完成时haddone，表示对过去的虚拟；用一般过去时did(were),表示对现在和将来的虚拟，如：Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.在下列主语从句中用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”。Itis(was)important(necessary,natural,strange,urgent)that…Itis(was)suggested(desired,ordered,required,commanded,requested)that…例如：Itisrequiredthatyou(should)startbeforeseveno’clock.Itisveryimportantthatoneshouldmastertheskillsofcomputer.5.在某些动词的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为“（should）+动词原形。常见的动词有：insist,order,demand,advise,suggest,propose,demand,require,request,urge，recommend(推荐）等。例如，Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Irequiredthathe(should)cometomyoffice.Heinsistedthatyou(should）beseatedthere.注意：①当suggest不表“建议”而表“暗示”、“表明”时，从句中的谓动不用虚拟语气。Herexpressionsuggested(that）shewasangry.②当insist表示“坚持认为”，表坚持对已发生事情的看法时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Heinsistedthathehadn"tstolenthemoney.6.在某些同位语和表语从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式(should)+动词原形。常见的名词advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等。例如：OurEnglishteachergaveadvicethatweshouldmakegooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.7.虚拟语气在wish引导的宾语从句中的运用1）与现在事实相反：过去式例如：IwishIknewtheboss.(我希望我认识老板。)2）与过去事实相反：had+过去分词IwishIhadplayedbasketballyesterday.(我希望我昨天打篮球了。)3）与将来事实相反：could/would/might+动词原形Iwishtheywouldcomeheretonight.(我希望今天晚上他们会来这里。)。此外，在Itiswishedthat结构中和以wish作名词时所引导的表语从句或同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气。例如：Itiswishedthatitwouldn’traintomorrow.(要是明天不下雨多好啊！)Thewishthathewantedtobeateacherwillcometrue.(他想当教师的愿望会实现的。) 8.wouldrather+从句的用法与wish相同，例如：IwouldratherthatIhadn’tmadethemistakes.(我宁愿没有犯错误。)此外，在含有butfor,without,otherwise等词语的句子（即含蓄虚拟条件句）中，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词与非真实条件句的主句相同。例如：Withoutthedoctor’shelp,thepatientscouldn’thaverecoveredsoquickly.(没有医生的帮助，这些病人不可能恢复的这么快)。Iwasn’thereyesterday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavesavedthechild.(昨天我不在，否则我已经救了那孩子)。Butforyourmother"shelp,wewouldn"thavefinishedthework.要不是你妈妈帮忙，我们不可能完成这项工作。虚拟语气在高考中的应用：1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。   此外，上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，完形填空常有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。AppreciatingpoemTodreamanythingthatyouwanttodream.That"sthebeautyofhumankind.Todoanythingthatyouwanttodo.That"sthestrengthofhumanwill.Totrustyourselftotestyourlimits.That"sthecouragetosucceed.梦想你想憧憬的一切，这是灵魂之美。做你想做的一切，这是意志之坚。相信自己，挑战极限，乃成功之必备的勇气。虚拟语气练习题精选1.Ifshehadworkedharder,she______.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded2.IwishI_________youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee3.Ifmylawyer__________herelastSaturday,he__________mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeenwouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented4.Withoutelectricityhumanlife___________quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe5.—Ifhe_______,he_______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned,wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned,hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken6.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI___________forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout7.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome8.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___________A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken9.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you________sotired.A.drove,didn’tgetB.drove,wouldn’tgetC.weredriving,wouldn’tD.haddriven,wouldn’thavegot10.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey________friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen11.________itraintomorrow,wehavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will12.Ifonlyhe_________quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie13.—Wecouldhavegonetherebybus.—Yes,otherwisewe_______late.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.couldn’tbeD.couldn’thavebeen14.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam______beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished15.Iwouldn’thavesucceeded___________forhishelpthen.A.hadn’titbeenB.wereitnotC.haditbeennotD.haditnotbeen16.Ifit______forthesnow,we______themountainyesterday.A.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenotcouldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb 奥赛班英语17.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.are             B.were             C.wouldbe        D.wouldhavebeen18.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.A.for;to          B.that;be       C.which;shouldbe          D.to;being19.Ifhehadlistenedcarefully,he________theproblemnow.A.canworkoutB.couldworkoutC.couldhaveworkedoutD.canhaveworkedout20.IfonlyI______asyoungasyouare!A.beingB.amC.beD.were21.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____A.can;it                B./; /                    C.would;it          D.may; /22.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.A.leave;for          B.leave;to          C.left;to        D.tobeleft;for23.Whatshouldwedoifit_______tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow24.He______thetest,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.A.couldhavepassedB.wereabletopassC.musthavepassedD.mightbeabletopass25.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.A.mustfinish   B.wouldbefinished  C.befinished D.mustbefinished26.Mothersuggestedwe_________TVbeforewehavefinishedourhomework.A.notwatchingB.nottowatchC.didn’twatchD.notwatch27.Thedoctor’swordssuggestedthattheoldman___________seriouslyiii.A.beB.wasC.wereD.tobe28.OurEnglishteacherinsistedthatit___________importanttostudyEnglishwell.A.beB.wasC.isD.tohe29.Ifyou______atschool,you______acollegestudentnow.A.hadstudiedhard,wouldhavebeenB.shouldhavestudiedhard,shouldhavebeenC.hadstudiedhard,wouldbeD.wouldstudyhard,musthavebeen30.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.—Yes.Ataxi________atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe31.Afewminutesearlierandwe____thetrain.A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch32.I________yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent33.Shemadethedemandthatshe_____atonce.A.leaveB.leavesC.leftD.tobeleft34.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_________nothingwrongand_________free.A.did,setB.haddone,shouldbesetC.do,besetD.haddone,mustbeset35.—Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.Must基础知识回顾与检测1.Inordertochangeattitudes________employingwomen,thegovernmentisbringinginnewlaws.A.aboutB.ofC.towardsD.at2.Weallliketomakefriendswithhimbecausehealways________.A.haswordsB.hasawordC.keepshiswordD.keepshiswords3.Itrainedfortwoweeks,completely________ourholiday.A.ruinedB.ruinC.toruinD.ruining4.Tom,turndownthemusic.Why________youmakesuchabignoisewhileyourbabysisterissleeping?A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.may5.Wedon’tdoubt________theboycan________theangryteacher.A.if;apologizeforB.whether;apologizetoC.that;apologizetoD.what;apologize6.----Havewe________water?----Yes.We’dbettergetsome.A.runoutB.runoutofC.runintoD.runacross7.—Dad,ourteachersuggests________widelytoachieveprogressinourwriting.—It’suptoyouto________thedecision.A.reading;makeB.toread;makeC.reading;makingD.toread;making8.________canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.Onlywithhardwork　　B.AlthoughworkhardC.Withhardwork　　　D.Nowthatheworkshard9.Sportplaysanimportantroleinourlives.Someenjoyplaying________othersenjoywatching.A.asB.howeverC.whileD.when10.Itishightimethatsomeone________youhowtobehaveyourself.A.taughtB.teachesC.shallteachD.willteach11.Thisclassroomis__________thatone.A.threetimesbiggerasB.threetimesasbigC.threetimesthesizeofD.asthreetimesbigas12.Jane__________alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.A.pickedupB.tookupC.madeupD.turnedup13.__________ofthelandinthatdistrict___________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are14.Don’ttryto_________anyexcuse,Alan.Tellmewhyyoudidn’tcometoschooltoday.A.showupB.makeupC.giveupD.stepup15.HewasborninBeijingand_____byhisgrandmainaseasidevillage.A.broughtinB.broughtoutC.broughtupD.broughtback 16.Aftertheflood,therewerehundredsofhomelesspeoplethatneeded_____.A.rescuedB.beingrescuedC.torescueD.toberescued17．Doyouhaveanyondrunkdriving?A．accountB．commentC．summaryD．belief18.Isimplycouldn’tunderstandhowit_____thatyoudidsomuchworkwithinsuchashorttime．A．cameaboutB．camebackC．cameupD．camealong19．Theworkersareworkingveryhard__________theycanfinishtheirworkaheadoftime．A．inordertoB．soastoC．asifD．sothat20．Hiswife________himtostopsmoking,buthedidn’tlisten.A.advisedB.persuadedC.suggestedD.forced2,4,621．---Hehasbeenplayingcomputergamestheseweeks.---It’sno______hedidn’tdowellinthetestthistime.A.wonderB.matterC.surpriseD.problem22．Theyofferedalotofusefulinformationforyourreport.Icanunderstandhowyoumustbefeelingnow.A．willingB．upsetC．gratefulD．curious23．Thegovernmentwill____thelocalvillagersfortheirtakingcareoftheyoungtreesplantedthisspring.A．rewardB．recoverC．rescueD．request24．Thelargehouse,whichissurroundedbytreesandflowers,iswhatshewants.A．directlyB．exactlyC．graduallyD．extremely25．Onenteringmymotherschool,I’msurprisedatitsgreatchanges,especiallytheharmony(协调)ofcolor,which____itsbeauty.A．addsupB．addstoC．addsinD．addsupto26．Weareaskedtotakedetailednotesinclassbecausetheyaremorethanourmemory.A．activeB．reliableC．honestD．stubborn27．RunningfromGansuprovincetoHebeiprovince,theGreatWallis____asoneoftheeightwondersintheworld.A．commandedB．realizedC．recognizedD．found28．MorepeoplearebeginningtobuythingsthroughtheInternet.Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewilltaketheplaceof(代替)shoppinginstores?A．especiallyB．frequentlyC．finallyD．properly29．They______laughingnowandthenwhilewatchingoneofCharlieChaplin’sfilms.A．setdownB．setoutC．burstintoD．burstout30．—Haveyoufoundshewasupsetrecently?Shewashurtbywhatyousaid.—I’mreallysorry,butIdidn’tdoit_____.A．afterallB．onpurposeC．byaccidentD．asusual31．Mikeisexcellentinmath,_________,hedidn’tpassthefinalexamthistime.A.forexampleB.believeitornotC.asusualD.asamatteroffact32．HehasmadeprogressinhisEnglish,_______makeshisfatherveryhappy.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which33.Youmaydependitwon’thappenagain.A.thatB.onthatC.onitthatD.onit34.Heisasaleaderbuthehasn’tinteaching.A.success;manyexperiencesB.asuccess;muchexperienceC.greatsuccess;anexperienceD.agreatsuccess;alotofexperiences35.Thankyouforthetroublemewiththework.A.having;helpingB.taking;helpingC.taking;tohelpD.having;tohelp36.—Didyouscoldhimforhismistake?—Yes,but_____it.A.I’drathernotdoB.I’dbetternotdoC.I’drathernothavedoneD.I’dbetterhavenotdone37.Itis____wasteoftimeforyoungmentodevotethemselvestoplayingcomputergameson___Internetonlyfor_____pleasure.A./;the;/B.the;the;/C.a;the;aD.a;the;/38.Ithought_____nousetalkingwithhim._____wasawasteoftime.A.there…ThereB.it…ItC.there…ItD.it…There39.—I’mthinkingoflosingweightthesedays.—Oh,youbeoutofyourmind.You’re50kilogramsatthemost!A.willB.shouldC.mayD.must40._____myfinishingreadingthenovel,youshallhaveitimmediately.A.OnB.AtC.ForD.With41.---WhydoyousuggestGulin?---Ibelieve_____beautyof____naturetherewillmake_____excellentimpressionuponthetourists.A.a,the,anB.the,the,anC.the,/,theD.the,/,an42.Whetherbyaccidentor,hearrivedtoolatetohelpus.A.purposeB.aimC.designD.chance43.—ShallIgoandbuytwomorebottlesofbeer?—No,I’vealreadyboughttwenty.That_____beenoughforustwo.A.canB.mayC.oughttoD.might44.Hehadpromisedmetocometotheparty,and_____.A.sodidheB.sohedidC.sohewouldD.sowouldhe45.—Hehasn’tfinishedtheworkyet.—Well,he_____.A.oughtB.oughttoC.oughttohaveD.oughttohavefinished书面表达你的英国笔友Linda来信说她家搬到了一个新城市，她每天除了上课就是在家上网，感觉生活很单调。请你给她写一封e-mail，劝她多结交朋友，多参加社会活动。词数：100左右。开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearLinda,Bestwishes!Sincerelyyours,Fancy