高中英语语法系统复习----二十连词 13页

高中英语语法系统复习----二十连词　　连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,（and）then等等。并列连词与并列结构　并列连词引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。1）　and与or　判断改错：（错）Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.　（错）Theystartedtodanceandsang.　（错）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.　　（对）Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.　（对）Theystartedtodanceandsing.　（对）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。　　第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。　第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）例如：　　Makeupyourmind,andyou"llgetthechance.拿定主意，这次你会有机会的。　=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you"llgetthechance.　　Onemoreeffort,andyou"llsucceed.再努力一下，你会成功的。　=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you"llsucceed.2）both…and　两者都。例如：　Sheplays（both）thepianoandtheguitar.她弹钢琴，也弹吉他。3）　notonly…but（also）,aswellas不但…而且。例如： 　　　Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but（also）theguitar.她不但弹钢琴，也弹吉他。　注意：notonly…butalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。例如　　Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.他不但喜欢读小说，甚至还会写。　4）　neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。例如：　　　Neitheryounorheistoblame.你和他都不该受指责。比较and和or　1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。　2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：　　Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.　　Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.　在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题　---Idon"tlikechicken___fish.　　---Idon"tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.　A.and；and　B.and；but　C.or；but　D.or；and　答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错：（错）Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.　　（错）Wecan"tlivewithoutairorwater.　　（对）Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.　　（对）Wecan"tlivewithoutairandwater.　表示选择的并列结构　1）or意思为"否则"。例如：　　Imustworkhard,orI"llfailintheexam.我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。　2）either…or　意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如： 　　EitheryouorIamright.不是你对，就是我对。表示转折或对比　1）but表示转折，while表示对比。例如：　　Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.有些人喜欢猫，而有些人不喜欢。典型例题　---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?　　---I"dliketo,___I"mtoobusy.　A.and　B.so　C.as　D.but　　　答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。　2）not…but…意思为"不是…而是…"，后面的用词要遵循一致原则。　　Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but（thebones）ofahumanbeing.这些不是动物的骨头，而是人的。表原因关系1）for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。判断改错：（错）Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.　（对）Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.2）so为连词,therefore一般为副词。例如：Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn"tplayinthegame.他的腿受伤了，不能上场。Ithink;thereforeIexist.我思故我在。比较so和suchsuch是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。so+adj.　　　　　　　　　such+a（n）+n.so+adj.+a（n）+n.　　　such+n.（pl.）so+adj.+n.（pl.）　　　such+n.（pl.）　so+adj.+n.（不可数）　　such+n.（不可数）sofoolish　　　　　　　　suchafool　 soniceaflower　　　　　suchaniceflowersomany/fewflowers　　　suchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.　　　suchrapidprogress　somanypeople　　　　　　suchalotofpeople　somany已成固定搭配，alotof虽相当于many，但alotof为名词性的，只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。连词和从句练习1.I’dgetitforyou______Icouldrememberwholastborrowedthebook.A.onconditionthatB.nowthatC.exceptthatD.consideringthat2.Therobbertoldhimthathehadbetterkeepsilent______hewantedtogetintotroubleA.ifB.unlessC.otherwiseD.whether3.Strange______hisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.A.althoughB.evenifC.thatD.as4.Weareworriedaboutoursonbecausenooneisaware______hehasgone.A.theplaceB.ofwhereC.abouttheplaceD.where5.Theprofessorspokeinaloudvoice______everyoneofuscouldhearhim.A.suchthatB.soC.sothatD.such6.Whenhejustgotofftheplane,hegaveusagooddescriptionof______inSpain.A.whathehadseenB.thathehadseenC.whichhehadseenD.hehadseenwhat7.Itisfittedwithasmalltransformer,bymeansof______thevoltageofthecurrencycanbeadjusted.A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that8.Idon’tknowwhyshe’slookingatme______sheknewme.I’veneverseenherbeforeinmylife.A.asB.althoughC.evenifD.asif9.Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeech______stormyapplausebrokeout.A.whenB.thenC.thanD.as 10.Itishardtoavoidmistakes.______youcorrectthemconscientiously,itwillbeallright.A.InthecaseB.AslongasC.AlthoughD.Despite11.Geometry,______Iknownothing,seemsaverydullsubject.A.thatB.aboutthatC.whichD.aboutwhich12.Thehighesttemperature______inanyfurnaceonearthisabout10,000centigrade.A.wecangetB.thatwecangetitC.whichwecangetitD.whatwecanget13.Wesentthehorsestoaconsiderabledistance,______theyshoulddisturbthechildren.A.lessB.lestC.lastD.least14.Soundisconductedthroughsteelinthesamemanner______.A.asinairB.asthroughairC.asairdoesD.likeair15._____hewasputtingonhisuniform,theofficerfoundthatoneofthesleeveswastorn.A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Before16.Thepolicefinallycaughtupwiththeman______wastheescapedprisoner.A.whotheythoughtB.whomtheythoughtC.theythoughthimD.thattheythoughthim17.______knowsthenameofthissongwillreceiveaprizefromtheradiostation.A.WhoeverB.ThoseC.WhicheverpeopleD.Anypeople18.______doyoubelieveisnotabouttosupportourplan?A.WhomB.WhoC.WhomeverD.Which19.Hedidn’tknowFrench,______madeitdifficultforhimtostudyatauniversityinFrance.A.thatB.asC.thisD.whichSheisafinesinger,______hermotherusedtobeA.likeB.thatC.asD.which21.______,IrealizethatIoweadebttomyearlycountrylife.A.LoveroftownsIamB.AsloveroftownsC.LoveroftownsasamID.ThoughamItheloveroftowns22.TheriseofDavywasallthemorebrilliantin______hehadnothadmuchschooling.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.theway23.Shealwaystakescarefulnotesinclass______shemayreviewthemfromtimetotime.A.sothatB.inordertoC.becauseofD.ratherthan 24.Thereasonhewaslateis______hisclockdidn’tgivethealarm.A.becauseB.duetoC.sinceD.that25.______hewasinerrorwillscarcelybedisputedbyhiswarmestfriends.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Though26.Ishalldotheexercises______Ihavebeentaught.A.suchB.asC.whatD.for27.______isworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.A.ThatB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.However28.Shewassostubbornthatsheneverlistenstotheadvice______.A.thatIgiveittoherB.whichIgivetoherC.whatIgivetoherD.Igiveittoher29.Iwassupposedtobeamathematicsmajor,butIactuallytook______coursesinphysics,ifnotmore.A.somanyB.asmanyC.agoodmanyD.suchmany30.Heatdoesnottravelbyconvectioninasolid,becausethesoliddoesnotmove,______.A.sodoesaliquidB.soaliquiddoesC.soisaliquidD.asdoesaliquid31.Heexplainedeverythingoveragain______anyoneshouldmisunderstandher.A.sinceB.whenC.lestD.asif32.______convincinganargumentis,itneedssupportofevidence.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Evenif33.Earthwormsoccur______adequatemoistureandfoodandthenecessarysoilconditionsarefound.A.andB.howeverC.butD.wherever34.______wegavehimanythingtoeat,hewouldsaveitupforhislittlebrother.A.WhenB.ThatC.WheneverD.What35.ThereasonIplantogois______ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillhaveadisappointmentC.thatshewillbedisappointedD.forwhichshewillbedisappointed36.Thegreatuseofaschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings______toteachyoutheartoflearning. A.thanB.ratherthanC.norD.as37.Ifthedesignwaswrong,theprojectisboundtofail,______goodalltheotherideasmightbe.A.whateverB.howeverC.whatsoeverD.even38.Hegave______cametothestoreapamphletinwhichhisproductsweredescribed.A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.whoever39.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication______theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.A.inthatB.inorderthatC.inwhichD.that40.Foxwasadvisedtogivetheassignmentto_______hebelievedhadastrongsenseofresponsibility.A.whomB.whomeverC.whoeverD.that41.Thechairmanoftheunionmadeitclearatthemeeting______hewouldnotstepdownformhispositionaschairman.A.inwhichB.whereC.becauseD.that42.______Ms.Wangreachedthepost-office,shediscoveredshehadlefttheletterathome.A.JustasB.BecauseC.AslongasD.Whenas43.Thefirststepinpreparingsuchaprogramistodrawaflowchart,______areshownopposite.A.twoexamplesofitB.twoexamplesofwhichC.whosetwoexampleD.whichtwoexamples44.______theworldbegan,nationshavehaddifficultyinkeepingpeacewiththeirneighbors.A.AlthoughB.WhenC.UntilD.Eversince45.______difficultieswemaycomeacross,wewillhelponeanothertogetoverthem.A.WhateverB.WhicheverC.HoweverD.What46.Hewenttoworksolate______themanagerhadtosendforhimagainbeforehearrived.A.asB.thatC.forD.when47.______youreturnthosebookstothelibraryimmediatelyyouwillhavetopayafine.A.UntilB.IfC.UnlessD.Provided48.Therosemaygrowasalowbushorasatree,dependingon______.A.whatitistrimmedB.howittrimmedC.thatistrimmedD.howitistrimmed49.Groupworkisamethodofteaching______tasksandactivitiesarecarriedoutbysmall groupsofpupils.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.inthat50.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.A.whenhefirstintroducedB.thathefirstintroduceditC.hefirstintroducedD.whichhefirstintroducedit51.Nowwemaybeabletosay______betweenmusicandnoiseorjustsound.A.whatisthedifferenceB.thedifferenceiswhatC.whatthedifferenceisD.thatwhatthedifference52.Contraryto______Ihadexpected,helostforasecondtime.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who53.ProfessorSmithwassopunctual______,healwaysarrivedtoclassjustasthebellrang.A.thatthedayhediedB.untilthedayhediedC.thatuntilthedayhediedD.untilthedaywhenhedied54.______hecametoEnglandtostudy,hedidn’tknowhowtocook.A.WhenB.sinceC.UntilD.Unless55.AlthoughMr.smithisoneofthoseteacherswhoappeartobefriendly,______heisveryhardtodealwith.A.butB.soC.sothatD.yet56.______ababykangarooisfourmonthsolddoesitbegintoliveoutsideitsmother’spouch.A.UntilB.NotuntilC.AfterD.Onlyuntil57.Theearliestkindofdeskwasaboxthathadaslopinglid_______therewasstoragespaceforwritingmaterials.A.underthatB.underwhichC.whichD.that58.Iwon’tlendanymoneytoJoebecauseIamafraid______hewillforgettopayitback.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.of59.______humanbeingsdependtoagreatextentonforests,everyeffortmustbemadetopreservetreesandwildlife.A.IfB.UnlessC.UntilD.Since60.______hewascaughtcheatingontheexam,Oliverhadbeenconsideredtobeanhonestboy.A.WhenB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Before 61.NotlongafterGalileo’stime,Newtoninventedanotherkindoftelescope______mirrorsinsteadoflenses.A.whichusedB.inwhichheusedC.thatheusedD.inthatheused62._____himasawriterIdon’tlikehimasaman.A.MuchIadmireB.MuchasIadmireC.AsmuchIadmireD.AsIadmiremuch63.Ipunishthechild______heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.A.asBbecauseC.lestD.unless64.Hardlyhadthespeakerbeguntotalk______werelaughs.A.whenthereB.thanthereC.thanD.that65.Ajointis______permitstheforwardandbackwardmovementofadoor.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what66.Iampleasedwithwhatyouhavetoldmeand______youhavegivenme.A.allwhatB.allthatC.whichD.allwhatever67.______hasrecentlybeendonetoimprovetheconditionsofelementaryschoolsagreatnumberofchildrenareunabletogotoschool.A.ThatB.WhatC.InspiteofwhatD.Thoughwhat68.Nuclearweaponisconsideredthemostterribleweaponofwar______manhasinvented.A.whichB.thatC.asD.since69.______heperformedthetaskwithsuccess.A.ItwasexpectedB.WhichwasexpectedC.AswasexpectedD.Thatwasexpected70.Thesizeoftheaudience,______Ihadexpected,waswellovertenthousand.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whom71.Noteverybodycouldbeexpectedtoknowalltheanswers,______somequestionscalledforeducatedguessesratherthangeneralknowledge.A.asB.soC.suchD.once72.______youtry,you’llneverloseyourEnglishaccent.A.NomatterwhatB.HowhardC.NomatterhowhardD.Whateverhard73.______thebridgewerepackedwithcarsandbuses,itcouldstillcarrytwicetheload.A.DespiteB.ProvidedC.UnlessD.Evenif 74.Theairplanecrashedandoverahundredpassengerswerekilled,______.A.andthatshockedtheworldB.andwhichshockedtheworldC.thisfactshockedtheworldD.whichshockedtheworld75.Thetimewillsurelycome______ordinarypeoplecouldoperatecomputersaswell.A.whileB.whenC.asD.onwhich76.Thismachineisnew.______,itisinexcellentcondition.A.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.but77.Thisroomhadbutasinglewindow,______werekeptclosedwhenitwasnotinuse.A.whichitsshuttersB.itsshuttersofwhichC.theshuttersofwhichD.whichshutters78.Theoldmanisnocoward;______heisamanofhighspirits.A.ratherthanB.onthecontraryC.ontheotherhandD.atthesametime79.Satellitephotographscanprovideinformationon______rainarefalling.A.whichwhereandhowmuchB.whereandhowC.whereandhowD.whereandhowmuch80.Skiingisasport______goesback4,000years.A.anditsB.whosehistoryC.itshistoryD.andwhich81.Theywillbepraisedorblamed______theirworkisgoodorbad.A.accordingasB.asforC.inasmuchasD.asregards82.Thestoryofhisupbringingisshocking______.A.toallthatreaditB.toallwhoreadsitC.toallwhichreaditD.toallwhoreadit83.Youshouldgetthelicenseintwoweeks;______,you’llhavetopayafine.A.yetB.stillC.orD.consequently84.Ihadhardlyreachedtheairport______hestartedforhisdestination.A.thenB.whenC.themomentD.than85.Hehadalargecollectionofbooks,______arewritteninforeignlanguages.A.manyB.manyonesofwhichC.manyofwhichD.manyinwhich86.Thebookisforthestudents______nativelanguageisnotChinesetostudyinaChinesecollegeoruniversity.A.theirB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhom 87.Geologistscannotaccuratelypredict______thelivevolcanowilleruptagain.A.whenB.whichC.isthatD.andwhen88.______saidunderoathwasdisputedbyseveralotherwitness.A.ItisthemanB.WhatthemanC.ThatthemanD.Themanhas89.______Iwasgoingtocollege,Iwasalsoworkingasawaitressonweekends.A.DuringthetimethatB.AtthemomentthatC.InspiteofthefactthatD.Onthegroundthat90.itisagoodideatotakeafirst-aidkit______thereisanaccident.A.incaseB.intheeventofC.inconditionD.butthat91.Thestrengthofthenewmaterialis______itcanstandheavyloadsathightemperature.A.thatB.suchthatC.whatD.sothat92.That’sthedoctor______ontheseriouslywoundedman.A.whoheoperatedB.thatheoperatedC.whooperatedD.thatoperatedhim93._____,theproblemcanbesolvedinonly2hourswithanelectroniccomputer.A.ComplicatedthoughitisB.ThoughisitcomplicatedC.AsitiscomplicatedD.Complicatedasitis94.Heburnedalltheimportantdocuments______thattheyshouldfallintotheenemy’shands.A.unlessB.soC.lestD.forfear95.HisofficeonthefortiethfloorofaskyscraperinthecenterofNewYorkCityistheworld______.A.thatheworksB.whichheworksC.heworksinD.heworks96.Withtheintroductionoftheelectroniccomputer,therearenocomplicatedproblem______canbesolved.A.thatB.asC.butD.which97.______allbehaviorislearnedbehaviorisabasicassumptionofsocialscientists.A.NearlyB.ThatnearlyC.ItisnearlyD.Whennearly98.Inthetestingperiod,thestudentsspent______muchtimeintheclassroomonmathematics______theyspentonanyothersubject.A.as,asB.as,thatC.so,thatD.such,that 99.Ourconfidenceinthecurativepropertiesofthebottleofmedicineremainsthesame______.A.liketheirsB.astheyC.astheirsD.asthem100.Theaudience,______enjoyedtheperformance.A.mostofthemwerestudentsB.mostofwhomwerestudentsC.whomtheywerestudentsD.theyweremostlystudents101.______steelisstrongerthaniron,menareabletomakesteelpipeswithlargerdiameters.A.WhileB.IfC.UnlessD.As102.Mr.Chensaidthathewouldbepunctualfortheappointment,______hewerelate?A.butwhatifB.howaboutC.sowhatD.andwhatabout103.Mrs.LeewillmoveintohernewhousenextMonday,______itwillbecompletelyfurnished.A.bywhichtimeB.bythetimeC.bythattimeD.bysometime104.Ihavelittledoubtabouthiscompetence;______heiswell-qualifiedforthejob.A.althoughB.becauseC.moreoverD.yet105.Thequantumtheorystates______,suchaslight,isgivenoffandabsorbedintinydefiniteunitscalledquantaorprotons.A.energythatB.thatitisenergyC.itisenergyD.thatenergy106.______tospacetravelersishighaccelerationordecelerationforces.A.DangercanbeB.TheycanbedangerousC.WhatcanbedangerousD.Whiledanger107.______thesequestionsmaysoundacademic,answerstothemcouldhaveprofoundeconomicandpoliticalsignificance.A.SinceB.IfC.WhileD.Lest108.Abodyweighs______fromthesurfaceoftheEarth.A.lessthefartheritgetsB.thefartheritgetsC.lessthanitgetsfartherD.lessthanit,thefartheritgets109.______itisyou’vefound,youmustgiveitbacktothepersonitbelongsto.A.ThatB.BecauseC.WhateverD.However110.______isoftenthecasewithanewideamuchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducenoconcreteproposals.A.ThatB.ItC.WhichD.As 111.Angiospermsinhabitrelativelydiverseenvironmentsandmaybefound______higherplantscansurvive.A.thereB.whereverC.somewhereD.anywhere112.Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge______ourthinking.A.uponwhichtobaseB.whichtobaseuponC.whichtobebasedonD.towhichtobebased113.Twelveistosix______twoistoone.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when114.______,sheknowsFrenchwell.A.AchildassheisB.ChildassheisC.AssheisachildD.Thechildassheis115.______,theycouldfindnobodyinthehouse.A.AstheywouldsearchB.WouldastheysearchC.SearchastheywouldD.Theywouldsearchas答案：1A2B3D4B5C6A7B8D9C10B11D12A13B14B15C16A17A18B19D21A22B23A24D25B26B27B28B29B30D31C32B33D34C35C36D37B38D39A40C41D42A43B44D45A46B47C48D49D50B51C52B53C54C55D56B57B58C59D60D61B62B63C64A65D66B67C68B69C70C71A72C73D74D75B76A77C78B79D80B81A82A83C84B85C86C87A88B89A90A91B92C93D94D95C96C97B98A99C100B101D102A103A104C105D106C107C108A109C110D111B112A113A114B115C