高考英语语法复习题4 4页

高考英语动词语态详解动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。被动语态结构：be+过去分词(PP)+(by…)在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。时态被动语态结构一般现在时 am/is/aredone 一般过去时 was/weredone 现在进行时 am/is/arebeingdone 过去进行时 was/werebeingdone 一般将来时 shall/will/begoingtobedone 过去将来时 Wouldbedone现在完成时 have/hasbeendone 过去完成时 hadbeendone Eg.Somepeopleattackedthetowers.   S            V         O Thetowerswere attackedbysomepeople.S              V1)     Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.-Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．7)Weshouldprotecttheearth． Theearthshouldbeprotected．8)Youneedtopaintthewall．Thewallneedstobepainted．几种特殊结构1.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday．Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday．Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.2.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar．Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listento,lookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople.Theoldpeopleshouldbetakencareof.以下为提高部分主动式表被动义1。动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。 read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…1.Thebooks____well．A.weresold      B.sell    C.havesold   D.arebeingsold2.Thiskindofcloth____easily． A.haswashed      B.waswashed  C.washes       D.iswashed2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…1.Thefishisnotfit_toeat_(eat)．2.WefindEnglishishard_tolearn_(learn)．3.Thearticleisdifficult__tounderstand_(understand).3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。1.Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．2.I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)Thesteelfeelscold．5表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．6.作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashedExercise:1.Newspapersaremade__paper.Paperismade__wood.A.from/of     B.of/from  C.of/in     D.in/from2.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina. must      B.mustbe C.has         D.have3.Thisdictionarymustn’t____fromthelibrary.A.takeaway B.takenaway C.aretakenaway D.betakenaway4.Myshoes____.Iwentoutforanewpair.A.iswornout B.woreout C.werewornoff D.werewornout5.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepaired B.isrepaired C.isbeingrepaired D.hasbeenrepaired6.Whenyourhomework____,wewillgotoplayfootball.A.isdone      B.aredone C.haddone D.willbedone7.Heaskedme_______.A.whatthepaperisused      B.whatthepaperwasusedforC.whatwasthepapermadeof  D.what’sthepaperusedas8.Threefourthsoftheinformationontheinternet___inEnglish.A.am B.is C.are D.be9.Englishiswidelyused.Manybusinesslettersaroundtheworld___init.A.arewritten     B.werewritten C.arewriting D.werewriting10.Thispairofscissors___inChina.A.Make     B.made  C.ismade D.aremade11.Threequartersofthemessages_____bytelegraph.Wassent B.weresent   C.Sent      D.send12.Inthepast10years,China____upmanyman-madesatellites.A.hasbeensent B.hassent  C.wassent         D.sent13.They___tohelpthefarmerswiththeharvestlastautumn.asked      B.asking  C.toask     D.wereasked14.Wearealwayskept____.tosmoking B.onsmoking C.fromsmoking D.offsmoking15.Nothingcanstopus___English.A.learn       B.learning  C.learned D.learns16.Mary___somesongsinherroominthemorning.A.heardsing B.heardtosing C.washeardsing D.isheardtosing17.Mary___anEnglishsonginherroomlastnight.A.washeardtosing  B.isheardtosing  C.washeardsinging D.isheardsinging18.Theguidesaidthatthedinosaureggs____about95millionyearsago.lay       B.werelay C.laid    D.werelaid19.Wefoundtheground____snow.A.coverwith       B.iscoveredwith C.wascoveredwith D.wascoveringwithTheshopassistantshowedahat_____redsilktous.A.madefrom    B.madeof C.wasmadeof D.wasmadefrom21.Wecanfindmanypictures____ byXuBeihonginthemuseum.A.drawing B.drawn C.drew      D.todraw22.Havethesewords_____byusyesterday?beenlearnt B.learnt C.learned       D.werelearnt23.Haveyouheardofadinosaur_____feathers?A.wascoveredby B.wascoveredwith C.coveredwith D.coveredby 24.About500cars___inthefactorynextmonth.A.wereproduced B.willbeproduced C.willbemade D.havebeenproduced25.She______for10years.A.hasbeenmarry B.hasmarried C.hasbeenmarried D.havemarry26.Thesentence“Thankyou”___inoureverydaylife.A.Oftenuse B.oftenuse C.isoftenused D.areoftenused27.Mostbusinesslettersare___English.A.Wroteby    B.writingwith C.Writtenin D.writtenby28.Theboxisused__sitting___achair___Mike.A.for,as,by     B.by,for,of   C.as,for,by    D.for,by,as29.Middleschoolstudents___nottosmoke.A.alwaystell B.aretoldalways C.tellalways D.arealwaystold30.Theroomhadbetter____thisafternoon.A.becleaned B.tobecleaned   C.clean      D.toclean31.Everyoneknowsthatpaper____inChina.Awasmadefirst    B.atfirstwasmade C.wasmadeatfirst D.wasfirstmade32.Hesaidthathisteethneeded____.A.toberepaired B.repair C.repaired      D.torepair 33.Theideaseemsgoodbutitneeds_____.A.Tryingon B.Totryat  C.Tobetriedout D.Beingtried34.Tellmewhat_____next.A.tobefinished  B.Befinished   C.Tofinish    D.Finish35.Thedirtyclothes___byhismothernow.arewashed B.arewashing C.werewashed D.arebeingwashed36.Tom! You_____onthephonejustnow,butyou_____in.A.wanted,were    B.arewanted,are C.werewanted,weren’t   D.called,aren’t参考答案：1-5BBDDA             6-10ABBAC         BBDCB           16-CDCB         21-25BACBC           26-30CCADA         31-36DACADC