高考英语语法系列复习专题四冠 词 6页

冠词篇一、a与one的对比1.尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。2.在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。3.在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。4.用在某些固定词组中。e.g.allofasudden（突然），asamatteroffact（事实上），inahurry，inaword，dosb.afavour，payavisitto，ahandof（少量的），alengthof（一根、一段），avarietyof（种种），adepthof（深度为），anarticleof（一件），atotalof（总共），anaverageof（平均），onebyone，oneafteranother，oneday二、不定冠词的基本用法1.具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”。2.初次提到某人或某物。3.速度、比率、价格等，其意义相等于one或every。4.用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。acoffee,aheavyrain5.用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。Hehasaknowledgeofchemistry.Theget-togetherwasagreatsuccess.6.用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。HeisaKongFansen.AMrsSmithwishestospeaktoyou.7.表示“同一个”的意思。Thetwoboysareofanage.Theseumbrellasareofa(=thesame)colourandsize.8.不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词sokindaman=suchakindmantoodifficultabook三、定冠词的主要用法1.表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。2.表示世界上独一无二的事物。3.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。4.用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。5.用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。6.用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。7.用在姓氏的复数前，表示该夫妇俩或全家人。8.乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词。9.用于某些缩略词之前。thePRC10.用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。11.固定搭配。inthemorningontheotherhand四、不用冠词的几种情况1.季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。theSpringFestival（除外）2.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，一般不加冠词。3.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加。 4.球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。5.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。6.在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。]7.在turn，go（变成、成为）变成后面的名词做短语时，名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。8.在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词。9.泛指复数名词前不用冠词。10.固定搭配。indebt，ingood(bad)health，ingoodcondition，ingreatdemand，ingreatneedof，intimeofdanger，inoffice（就职），inhonourof，introuble(difficulty)，infavourof，withanger，ingeneral，insize，incharacter（在性格上），insight，in(outof)order，onbusiness，onholiday，onleave，onwatch，onfire，heartandsoul，knifeandfork，atsea，husbandandwife，brotherandsister，frommorningtillnight，onhorseback五、特殊情况1.部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。outofproblem（不成问题），outoftheproblem（不可能），takeplace，taketheplaceof，inhospital，inthehospital，attable，atthetable，infrontof，inthefrontof，threeofus，thethreeofus，onearth，ontheearth，ofage（成年），ofanage（同岁数），losecolour（脸色苍白），losethecolour（褪色），2.有些诉组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a，意义不同。anumberofthenumberof3.注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时，冠词的位置要放在形容词后面。比较such。4.注意习惯用法。在某些词组、成语中，名词前不用冠词。六、表示类别的三种情况1.定冠词+单数可数名词（用特指的那一类事物代表一类事物）。2.不定冠词+单数可数名词（用“任意一个”“某一个”所具有的特性、特征表示一类事物）。3.可数名词复数或不可数名词，指“类别”。（考虑到同一类中的各个情况）。专题练习冠词1.Jumpingoutof________airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite________excitingexperience.(全国高考题)A./;the　　B./;an　C.an;an　　D.the;the2.There’s________dictionaryon________deskbyyourside.(北京春季高考题)A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the3.Anaccidenthappenedat________crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom________bank.(上海春季高考题)A.a;aB./;aC./;theD.the;/4.Thewarmthof________sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof________woolused.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/5.Mr.Liwillgiveus________talk.________talkwillbeginat8:00.A.a;TheB.the;AC./;/　D.a;A6.Thesungivesus________heatand________light.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD./;/ 7.—Whatdoyouneedindinner?—Ineed________.A.aknifeandaforkB.aknifeandforkC.theknifeandforkD.theknifeandthefork8.________Mrs.Smithiswaitingforyouinyouroffice.A.TheB.AC.OneD./9.She’son________People’sDaily.A.theB.anC.aD./10._____Einsteinscouldnotpayfor_____advancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.A.The;theB.A;aC.An;theD.The;an11.Sheis________newcomerto________chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the;theB.the;aC.a;/D.a;the12.—WhereisJack?—Ithinkheisstillin________bed，buthemightbein________bathroom.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the13.Idon’tliketalkingon________telephone;Ipreferwriting________letters.A.a;theB.a;/C.the;theD.the;/14.Manypeoplearestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsin________publicplaces.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;the15.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat，taketheblueone.—OK，butdoyouhave________sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger16.Iheardsomebodyplaying________pianoin________nextroom.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;an17.________PacificOceanis________largestofall.A.the;aB./;theC.the;theD.a;/18.Greatchangeshavetakenplacein________1990’s.A./B.aC.theD.an19.Wouldn’titbe____wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin_____peacewithoneanother?A.a;/B.the;/C.a;theD.the;thelexanderGrahamBellinvented________telephonein1876.A./B.aC.theD.one21.In1864，Lincolnwaselected_____Presidentof____UnitedStatesforthesecondtime.A.the;theB.a;aC./;theD./;/22.Johnis________universitystudent.A./B.anyC.aD.an23.Thetableismadeof________.A.awoodB.somewoodC.thewoodD.wood24.Wearegoingtolearn________nextweek.A.TwelfthLessonB.TheTwelfthLessonC.TwelveLessonD.TheTwelveLesson25.—I’dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel，please.—Well，youcouldhave________wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;some　D.an;a26.Papermoneywasin_______useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin______thirteenthcentury.A.the;/B.the;theC./;theD./;/27.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith________animalsof________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the28.Aliceisfondofplaying_____pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.A./;theB./;/C.the;/D.the;the 29.Oh，John.________yougaveus!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise30.________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What31.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a;/B.the;anC.the;theD./;the32.Beyond________stars，theastronautsawnothingbut________space.A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the33.—Haveyouseen________pen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a34.Afterwatching________TV，sheplayed________violinforanhour.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the35.—Areyousuretohelpmefind________bedformynewhouse?—Sure，butnotnow.I’mheadingfor________bedandagoodsleep.A.a;/B.a;aC.the;aD.the;/36.CharlieChaplinwasconsideredoneofthegreatestactorsin___historyof___cinema.A./;/B.a;theC.the;theD.the;a37.—Whatabout________book?—It’stoodifficult________book.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a38.Towards________evening________coldrainbegantofall.A.an;theB.the;aC.the;/D./;a39.Shealwaysplays________footballafter________school.A.a;theB.the;theC./;aD./;/40._____wheelisthoughttobe_____inventionof_____firstimportanceinhumanhistory.A.A;the;theB.The;an;theC.A;an;theD.A;an;/41.Ifeltsomeonepattedmeon________shoulder.A.aB.theC.myD./42.—Soyouarerunning________restaurant?—Yes，butIdon’twanttomakeit________restaurantonlyforrichpeople.A.the;/B.the;theC.a;theD.a;a43.Xi’anwas________startingpointof________worldfamous“SilkRoad”.A./;/B.a;aC.the;/D.the;the44.Itisteno’clockinthemorningbutheisstill________.A.inthebedB.atthebedC.inbedD.onbed45.Morethanhalfof________waterusedfordrinking，washingandirrigatingcropscomesfromunder________ground.A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the46.Atnoonwereached________smallvillage________eastof________SummerPalace.A.the;the;theB.a;/;theC.a;the;theD.a;/;/47.Thechildhadonly________slighttemperature，butthedoctorregarded________illnessasseriousenoughfor________hospitaltreatment.A./;/;theB.a;/;/C.a;the;/D./;the;the48.Ihad________lunchatafriend’shouseyesterday.________foodwasgood.A.the;/B./;/C.the;theD./;The49.—WhatisJackgoingtodowithallhismoney?—Hesayshehasalwaysdreamedoftaking________triparound________world.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;/D.a;a50.Qingdaois________mostbeautifulcityinsummer.A.theB./C.aD.one51.Justnowyousaidyoualwaysgottoworkon_______8o’clocktrain.Butwould_______latertraingetyoutoworkontime? A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a52.Thebuildingwascompletedin______Septemberof1956notin______October,1955.A./;theB.the;theC./;/D.the;/53.Iwouldliketohave_______room，_______windowofwhichopensto_______south.A.a;the;aB.a;the;theC.a;/;/D.a;the;/54.Thereis_______houseinthepicture.Thereis_______oldwomannear_______house.A.an;a;theB.a;an;theC.the;a;anD.a;the;an55.________Europeand________Americaareseparatedby________AtlanticOcean.A./;/;theB.the;the;theC./;/;/D.the;the;/56.Thereis________“h”intheword“honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an57.________terriblelifepeopleinthesmallislandlivedatthattime!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa58.Fatheroftensaystome,“Be_____honestboytodayand_____usefulmantomorrow.”A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a59.Thingsof______kindcometogether;peopleof_____kindfallinto_____samegroup.A.the;the;theB.a;a;theC.the;the;aD.a;the;the60.________SuezCanalbrought________eastand________westcloser.A.The;the;theB./;the;theC.The;/;/D./;/;/1~5CAABA6~10DBBAA11~15CDDCB16~CCAC21~25CCDBA26~30CBCCD31~35AACDA36~40CDDDB41~45BDDCD46~50BCDAC51~55DDBBA56~60DCDBA【解析】1.全句意为“在一万英尺的高空从飞机上跳下来真是一种激动人心的经历”。2.全句意为“你旁边的桌上有一本词典”。3.两个空都是表示泛指。4.第一空用定冠词表示类别；第二空后的名词wool是不可数名词，故前面用零冠词。7.aknifeandfork是“一副刀叉”的意思。10.姓的复数前加定冠词可表示“某某一家人或某某夫妇”；第二空是特指小Albert需要的高等教育。12.第一空泛指“一个美妙的世界”，第二空的inpeace是固定短语。16.inthehabitof意为“有……的习惯”,inpublicplaces意为“在公共场合”。17.泛指“一件尺码更大的”。25．information是不可数名词，haveawordwith意为“和……说句话”。31.aknowledgeof意为“知道/懂得一点……”，internationaltrade泛指“国际贸易”,前面不用冠词。35.findabed意为“找到一张床”,第二空后的bed为抽象名词，意为“就寝、睡觉”，故不用冠词。37.根据上下文的语气，第一空显然是表示特指(双方都知道指的是那一本书)；第二空则是说“这是一本很难的书”，因为与too连用，故将形容词提前。41.接触到某人的某个部位，英语中习惯上在部位名词前用定冠词，不用人称代词。42.两空都是表示特指。46.第一空表示泛指，第三空表示特指，第二空是一个名词结构作状语，故其前面不用冠词。50.各人观点不同，谁也无法断定青岛就是夏天最美的地方，故在mostbeautiful前用不定冠词，这时的amost相当于very的含义。57.livea…life是“过着……的生活”的意思。59.此句为一谚语，“物以类聚，人以群分”。