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2012届高考英语二轮语法复习学案(代词)It的用法1.作人称代词JohnlikesplayingPingpong./Healwaysdoesitintheafternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);/ It"stimewewenthome./Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?/Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer./It"sveryquietatthemoment.(可指时间、天气、环境等)2.引导词 A.作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。 It"simportantforustolearnasecondlanguage./It"snousetalkingtohim./It"sknowntoallthattheearthgoesroundthesun. B.作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。 Wefeelitourdutytohelpothers./Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity. C.强调结构:Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(或who)… 注意:在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,其后的连接词也绝不能为when或where,而应用that。在复习中,一定要注意句式的不同。 ItwasinShanghaithatIboughttheguitar.(that引起强调句) ItwasShanghaiwhereIboughttheguitar.(where引起定从) Itwastwelveo"clockwhenwearrivedthere.(when引起时间状语从句) Itwasattwelveo"clockthatwearrivedthere.(that引起强调句)3.it,one,that的区别:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。 NMET2000,23. ---Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?---Didn"twejusthave__________? A.itB.thatC.oneD.this NMET2001,25. TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.it C.oneD.whichone用以指代同类事物中的任一,that特指性强,指代可数与不可数词,而it指代上文提过的同一事物。不定代词不定代词种类较多,用法各异,在使用中一定要注意区别。1、both,either,neither都表两者范围,在句中作主语、宾语、定语,both可用作同位语。 both意为"两者都",either表"两者中任一个",neither表"两者都不"。2、any,none,all表三者或三者以上范围,any表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念,用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中);none表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不;表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有;all整个的;所有的(三者或三者以上);所有的(不可数)。 e.g.Thisbookisagoodseller,soyoucanbuyitatanyshopinBeijing./Noneofusare/isperfect./Allofthevillagewasflooded. 3、noone,nobody,none,nothing:noone,nobody表没有人,nothing指没有什么事物,none兼指人和物。none着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有,一点儿也没有"。 ----Howmanypeoplearethereinthehall?----None. ----whowantstogowithhim? ----Noone(Nobody). ----Whatcanyouseeinthebottle? ----Nothing. ----Isthereanywaterinit? ----None.
4、another,theother,theother+复数名词(或theothers),other(或other+复数名词):another表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一;与数词连用,表"再有";theother表两者中的另外那个,特指;theother+复数名词(或theothers),另外那些,表示其余所有的人或物,用于特指;others(或other+复数名词)另一些,表余下人或物中的另一些,泛指。 ---Idon"tlikethis,showmeanotherone.(NMET2000,16) Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou"llhavetopay_______$15. A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.Each(A)人称、物主、反身、指示代词高考重点要求 1.掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2.重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况,能通过语境准确选取答案。3.掌握it的基本用法。 一.人称代词 1)分清主格和宾格形式。 eg:---Iloveyoumorethanher,child./---Youmeanmorethan___loveherormorethansheloves____? A.you;me B.I;you C.you;you D.I;me 2)注意约定俗成的用法。 ---Whoisit? ---It"sme. ---I"dliketohavearest. ---Me,too. 3)使用we和you泛指一般人 4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等 Chinaisagreatcountry.Shehasalonghistory. 5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是:you,he(she)andI;we,youandthey 二.物主代词:名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,构成双重所有格:afriendofmine。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。 三.反身代词 1)在句中作宾语、表语和同位语;2)单复数的确定;3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。 e.g.I"mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天不大舒服。/Makeyourselfathome.不要拘礼;请随便吧。/Don"tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.别紧张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/Haveyouenjoyedyourselftoday?你今天玩得愉快吗? 四.指示代词(一)this,that,thesethose 1.在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 2.this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物,而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g.Thisisanovelandthatisamagazine. 3.this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物,而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g.Whathetoldmeisthis:hewantedtogotoBeijing./Hedidn"tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn"tknow. 4.that,those常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g.Theoiloutputin1998washigherthanthatof1995.(that代替oiloutput)/ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany. (二)such such引起倒装句,谓语数取决于后面主语的数:e.gSuchismyanswer./Suchareourpeople. 做定语,注意和so的区别,尤其是在so…that,such…that句型中。e.g.Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowers.(复数名词前,so不可)/Ihaveneverseensuchagreatfilm.(也可为so
greatafilm)/Wehavesuchbeautifulweathertodaythatweshouldgooutforanouting.(不可数词前,不可用so)/Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit"shardformetofindhim.(在数量概念的many,much,little,few之前,不可用such)练1、练习(一)、代词一、强化训练:1.NewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryhasbeenrepublishedseveraltimes,_____moreuptodatethanthelastedition. A.anyB.everyoneC.eitherD.each2.Afterpaying1,000dollars_____,you"llallbecomefullmembersofourclub. A.eachB.allC.everyD.both3._____washercrueltythatweallhatedher. A.ItB.WhatC.ThatD.Such4.Maryhasbeenillinbedforaweek.Iwonderifsheis_____betternow. A.muchB.someC.anyD.very5.-Whichofthesetwotieswillyoutake?-Idon"tlikethese.Doyouhaveany_____? A.oneB.otherC.onesD.others6.I"dratherrideabikeasbikeridinghas_____ofthetroubleoftakingbuses. A.muchB.allC.neitherD.none7.Ineedsomeblueinktodaybutthereis_____athand. A.notB.nothingC.alittleD.none8.Ifoundtheverywatchofmine_____Ihadleft_____. A.where,itB.that,itC.which,oneD.where,one9.Ihaven"tgottimetogetthetickets.Who"sgoingto____? A.dosoB.doitC.buyitD.dothem10.-JackcertainlyhasahighopinionofSusan. Itcan"tbebetterthan_____ofhim. A.hersB.sheC.thatD.her11.-Shallweintroduce____fire-fightingequipmentfromabroad?-Goahead,ifnecessary. A.otherB.afewmoreC.anotherD.someother12.-Howaboutthepriceoftheserefrigerators?-Theyareequalinpriceto,ifnotcheaperthan,_____attheotherstores. A.othersB.itC.thatD.theones13.-Idislike_____whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorspeakillofmebehind.-SodoI. A.themB.thoseC.itD.that14.-Whichdoyouprefer,classicalmusicorpopmusic? -_____.Ipreferfolkmusic. A.EitherB.BothC.NoneD.Neither15.Whydon"tyoutrustanduseoldTom?Heisstillasstrongas_____intheteam. A.nobodyB.anybodyelseC.everybodyD.somebodyelse16.-Arethenewmethodstakinganyeffect?-Yes,_____articlesarestolenfromoursupermarket. A.fewB.moreC.someD.none17.Duringthemeetingayoungmancriedoutsuddenlyandthrewhisnotebookatthechairman,_____broughttheroomtodisorder. A.itB.andwhichC.andthatD.this
18.I"vejustseennomorethanonecopyofGonewiththeWindinthebookshopopposite.Tom,goandbuy_____back. A.oneB.anyC.itD.some19.-Doyouhave_____athomenow?-No,westillhavetogetscoresofeggsandsomevegetables. A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something20.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopes_____willbeaboy. A.he B.that C.it D.there21.Surelyit"s_____withthebignoseyoumean,not____! A.he,I B.him,me C.him,I D.he,me22.Thetemperaturecanfallto–30℃._____is,30°Cbelowfreezingpoint. A.Which B.It C.That D.This23.-Theexamwaseasy,wasn"tit? -Yes,butIdon"tthink_____couldpassit. A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody24.Cuttheappleintohalvessothatthetwinsmayeachget_____half. A.every B.each C.another D.either25._____ofuscandoeverything,butallofuscando_____. A.None,something B.Some,everythingC.Few,something D.Few,nothing26.-MayIhelpyouwithsomegloves,sir?-Yes,I"dliketotrythoseblue____. A.one B.ones C.pair D.two27.Ofallmyfriends_____willbeabletopersuadeTomtochangehismind.Heissofirmuponit. A.none B.nobody C.neither D.noone28.-Ishecontenttoacceptourofferedprice?-Yes.Hecaresmoreaboutthequality.Moneyis_____tohim. A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.something29.Ihavenoideawhichwasbetter,soItook____ofthem. A.both B.none C.all D.any30.Youmustn"talwaysdo_____asheasksyoutodo.Hemaybewrongsometimes. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything31.I"mnopainter,andtome,onepaintingismuchlike. A.another B.theother C.others D.one32.Ididn"twanteitherof____hatsandaskedthesalesmantoshowme_____. A.those,another B.two,theother C.all,theothers D.both,others33.Thechildrenwerecatchingbutterfliesinthegarden.Somecaughtalot,andotherscaught_atall. A.nothing B.none C.noone D.neither34.Thankyouverymuchindeed.That"s_____ofyou. A.kindest B.mostkind C.thekinder D.themostkind35.Jackisaverylikablefellow,butI"velearnedtotake_____hesayswithagrainofsalt. A.somethingB.anything C.nothing D.everything36.-Iloveyoumorethanher,child.-Youmeanmorethan____loveherormorethansheloves____?
A.you,me B.I,you C.you,you D.I,me练2、练习(二)、代词二、高考题选:1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.that B.while C.inwhich D.then2.Is_____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyone B.this C.her D.it3.Is_____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship? A.now B.that C.it D.man4.HisParentswouldn"tlethimmarryanyone_____familywaspoor. A.ofwhom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose5._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight. A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who6._____writerisbetterknowninChina,CharlesDickensorMarkTwain? A.Which B.What C.Either D.Whether7.---HaveyouseenTomandMary?---Ihaven"tseen_____ofthem. A.neither B.any C.either D.all8.Is_____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay? A.this B.that C.it D.he9.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil. A.thething B.that C.what D.which10.Hiscameraismoreexpensivethan______. A.hers B.her C.it D.its11.Idon"tthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork. A.this B.that C.its D.it12.______ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptinasecret. A.Each B.Any C.Noone D.None13.Hepaidtheboy¥10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_____hadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear. A.these B.those C.that D.which14.Kateandhersisterwenttoholidaywithacousinof_____. A.their B.theirs C.her D.hers15.IinvitedTomandAnntodinner,but_____ofthemcame. A.neither B.both C.either D.none16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that17.Wecouldn"teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_____moneyonus. A.all;no B.any;no C.none;any D.noone;any18.Theseplantsarewatered_____. A.eachotherday B.everyotherdayC.eachoftwodays D.everyoftwodays19.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.
A.it B.that C.which D.he20.Does_____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime? A.this B.that C.he D.it21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem. A.theones B.ones C.some D.theothers22.There"resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan"tmakeupmymind_____tobuy. A.what B.which C.how D.where23.Althoughhe"swealthy,hespends_____onclothes. A.little B.few C.alittle D.afew24.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp. A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom25._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent. A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter26.---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes,just_____. A.little B.verylittle C.alittle D.littlebit27.Tom"smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_____didn"thelp. A.he B.which C.she D.it28.---Is_____here? ---No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave. A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody29.---IsyourcameralikeBill"sandAnn"s?---No,butit"salmostthesameas_____. A.her B.yours C.them D.their30.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(NMET94) A.what B.which C.that D.it31._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET95) A.There B.This C.That D.It32.Theywereverytired,but_____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.(NMET95) A.any B.some C.none D.neither33.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.(NMET95) A.it B.those C.them D.one34.---Whenshallwemeetagain?--Makeit_____dayyoulike;it"sallthesametome.(NMET96) A.one B.any C.another D.some35.Tomfeltthathekneweverybody"sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit_____.(NMET96) A.themselvesB.oneself C.itself D.himself36.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon"tagreewith_____.(NMET97) A.everythingB.anythingC.something D.nothing37.SarahhasreadlotsofstoriesbyAmericanwriters,Nowshewouldliketoread_____storiesbywritersfrom_____countries.(NMET97) A.some;anyB.other;someC.some;other D.other;other38.Itwasabout600yearsago_____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET97) A.that B.until C.before D.when39.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98) A.it B.that C.these D.them
40.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican"tremember_____.(NMET98) A.where B.there C.which D.hat41.Whydoyouwantanewjob_____you"vegotsuchagoodonealready?(NMET98) A.that B.where C.which D.when42.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.(NMET98) A.until B.that C.then D.so43.Fewpleasurescanequal_____ofacooldrinkonahotday.(NMET99) A.some B.any C.that D.those44.Ifyouwanttochangeforadouble--roomyou"llhavetopay_____$15.(NMET2000) A.another B.other C.more D.each45.---Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?---Didn"twejusthave_____?(NMET2000) A.it B.that C.one D.this46.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.(NMET2000) A.one B.that C.what D.it47.Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours,_____canitbe?(NMET2001) A.whatelseB.whoelse C.whichelse"sD.whoelse"s48.Manypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood,however,thefoodbankneeds_____forthepoor.(2001春招) A.more B.much C.many D.most49.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(NMET2001) A.they B.itC.one D.which50.---Hewasnearlydrownedonce.(2002春招) ---Whenwas_____? ---_____wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool. A.that;it B.this;this C.this;it D.that;this语法复习十四:代词一、强化训练:1.D2.A3.D4.C5.D6.D7.D8.A9.B10.A11.D12.D13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.C19.B20.C21.B22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.A28.C29.A30.D 31.A32.A33.B34.B35.D36.A二、高考题选:1.A这是一个强调句式的一般疑问句。 2.Dit是形式主语,to不定式是真正主语。 3.C参看2题。 4.Dfamily与先行词anyone之间是所属关系。 5.C在主语从句中,whoever充当主语,指代人,相当于anyonewho。而C项who也可引导名词性从句,但它具体指"是谁"。 6.A特殊疑问句中的选择,用which。 7.C前一句只提到两个人。neither,either,both仅用于表述两者的情况,而any,all
表述多者的情况,且Ihaven"tseeneitherofthem相当于Ihaveseenneitherofthem。 8.C可参看2、3题。 9.Ball是先行词,that引导定语从句,且allthat=what。 10.AHiscamera是句子的主语,也是信息词,应填名词性的物主代词hers,它相当于hercamera。 11.Dit是形式宾语,tomaster…是真正宾语。此句还可说成Idon"tthinkitispossibleto…。可参看2、3、8题。 12.DA、B项不符合句意。C项noone后不接of短语。 13.Dwhich是定语从句中的关系代词,指代上文的windows。A、B、C项不能引导定语从句,且填进去后,两个分句缺少连词。 14.B可参看10题。 15.A前文提到邀请两个人,两个人都没来,故用neither参看7题。 16.Bwhich引导非限定性定语从句。which指代前面一句话。如果两个分句是由and连接,则A、C、D项也对。 17.CA项中的all放在否定句中,是部分否定,与上文wecouldn"teatinarestaurant矛盾,B项不符语法,n项noone后不接of短语,且只指代人。 18.Beveryotherday每隔一天,是习惯用法。 19.Cwhich在非限定性定语从句中指代前面一句话。可参看16题。 20.D考生非常熟悉Itdoesn"tmatter这一句型,该题现在是一般疑问句,it是matter的主语,if引导条件状语从句。 21.AC、D项不能做定语从句的先行词来指代上文的thepupils,只能用theones,因为它被限定性定语从句所修饰,表特指。该句的意思是:"张先生把教科书分给了所有的学生,那些已经拿走了的学生除外。" 22.B原题中的somanykindsoftape-recorders暗示考生要买的是录音机,故排除A项。因为有这么多种类,因此不能决定买哪个。C、D项是连接副词,不能做buy的宾语。 23.AB、D项应排除,它们指代可数名词的复数。全句意为:"虽然他很富有,但很少花钱买衣服。"故C项不符句意。 24.Dturnatsb.forhelp是惯用法,在定语从句中把to提前与whom构成介词十关系代词。 25.A主语从句中缺少宾语,故what充当。26.C原题中的答语Yes暗示考生应选表示肯定意义的alittle.A、B项表示否定意义。 27.Dit指代前面一句话。因有but,故前后为并列句,不用关系代词(which)只用代词it。 28.CIseverybodyhere?"都到齐了吗",Isanybodyhere?"这里有人吗?"B项somebody可用在表示征求对方意见,并希望得到对方肯定回答的问句里。D项不符原题句意。 29.B参看10、14题。 30.B参看16、19题。 31.Dit是形式主语,that从句是真正主语。如果fact前有the修饰,就可选B或C项,that引导同位语从句。 32.Cbut是关键词,表转折,该句意为"他们非常疲劳,但没有一个人愿意停下来休息一会儿。" 33.Done指代oneoftheglasses,且each一词是信息词。该句意思是:"我希望有足够的玻璃杯,以便每位客人有一个"。 34.Boneday表示"某一天",可用在一般过去时,当它用在将来时的句中时,可与some
day互换。anotherday指另一天。原题中的It"sallthesametome和youlike是信息句,可暗示考生,只能选anyday,即"你喜欢定在哪天都行,或随便哪一天都行。" 35.Athemselves;是they的反身代词。 36.A从上文"我同意你说的大部分,"可知,下文应填everything表示部分否定。B项填入后该句为全否定。C项不用在否定句中。D项填入后,该句成为肯定句。故B、C、D项是错误的。 37.C从上文"Sarah已经读了许多美国作家写的故事",可知,下文是"她现在想读一些由别的国家的作家写的故事"。A项中any用在肯定句中表示"任何一个",与后面的countries不符。B、D项不符原句的逻辑。 38.A这是一个强调句式。如果把Itwas…that去掉,该句子意思完整。不缺任何成份。 39.A该题考查it作形式宾语的用法。四个选项均为代词,只有it作先行代词时,本身没有具体意义,而只是帮助把真正的宾语移到后部去。句中it的作用是代替它后面的宾语从句whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull,故正确答案为A。 40.C该题考查在省略的宾语从句中连接代词的用法。A、B项为副词,不可作及物动词remember的宾语,应先排除。指某一范围的"哪一个"需用连接代词which,前一个分句中的fromeitherOxfordorCambridge已限定了范围,故答案选C。 41.D该题考查引导从句的关系联词的用法。that和which作为关系代词引导定语句必须在从句中充当某一成份;where作关系副词引导定语从句在从句中作状语,先行词必须是表示地点的名词,故应排除A、B、C。由题于中从句与主句所表示的逻辑关系考虑,此空应填表示因果关系的从属连词when,这时when=since;for,意为"由于"、"既然",答案为D。 42.B该句考查强调结构。"It+be+被强调部分+that从句"是it的强调句型,如果强调的是时间、地点、原因等状语,别后面接that引导的从句,而不能用when,where,because等词来引导,因此答案为B。再如: ItwaswhenIwasthirty--fivethatIgotmarriedandhadafamily. Itwaswhenwegottothestationthatitbegantorain.参看1题。 43.C该题考查不定代词的替代用法。在进行比较时要用同类的事物相比,排除A、B。按照英语习惯用法,that可以代替一个单数名词或一个不可数名词,以避免重复前面提到过的名词。that前面没有任何修饰词,后面的介词主要是of。由空白后表示所属关系的语境可以确定此空应填that,代替pleasure,故答案选C。 44.Aanother在此足不定代词,意为"再…个",paytoanother$15。意为"再付15美元。more应放在$15之后。 45.Cone不定代词指代上文的break。 46.BItis…that为强调结构。 47.D根据句意,"不是你的,可能是另外谁的呢?"所以答案是D。 48.A根据句意,"还再需要一些",故选A。 49.B代替thenewhouse。 50.A