高中英语语法讲练结合-定语从句 6页

高中英语语法加练习大全：第19章定语从句一.概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句二.相关知识点精讲1.关系代词引导的定语从句　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that　 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：　 Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）　 Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：　 Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　 Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：　　Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）　　Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 2.关系副词引导的定语从句　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：　 Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。　 Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.　北京是我的出生地。　 Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：　 Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。　 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 3.判断关系代词与关系副词　 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：　 ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。　 I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwith you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。　 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。4.限制性和非限制性定语从句1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：　　　Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）　　　Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：　　　CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。　　　Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。　　　Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：　　　HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　　　Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 5.介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：　ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。　ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.　Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？　Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?6.as,which非限定性定语从句　　由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如： 　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。　　Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。7.先行词和关系词二合一　1）Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替）　2）Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替）8.what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。例如：　　　Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。　　　Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2）who=thepersonthat　whoever=anyonewho。例如：3）that和what　　　当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：　　Ithink（that）youwilllikethestamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。　　Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践。9.关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况　　a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：　　　（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.　　b）介词后不能用。例如：　　　　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。　　　　Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况　　a）　在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。　　b）　在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。　　c）　先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。　　　d）　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.　　e）　先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：　   Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。　 　   Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三.巩固练习1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhom　B.whom　C.ofwhose　D.whose　 2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it　　B.which　C.thisD.that　　3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.that　　B.who　C.fromwhom　D.towhom　4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what　B.which　　C.that　D.it　5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.　A.which　B.whereC.that　D.when　　6．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿＿＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.　A.it　B.that　C.whenD.which　7．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A．who　B．which　C．this　D．what　8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice　B.thepriceofwhich　C.itsprice　D.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As　　　B.It　　　C.That　D.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.this　　B.which　C.that　　D.same11.Ohthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whose　B.ofwhich　C.which　D.its12.WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.　A.what　B.which　C.thatD.when13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.A.that　B.where　　C.which　D.there14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.　A.inwhich　B.inthat　C.inwhoseD.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthat　C.thewaywhich　　D.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason　B.That’swhy　C.There’swhy　D.It’show17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit　D.Ithinkwhichis18.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.who　B.whom　C.what　　D.which19.a)Heisaninterestingspeaker,and,_______ismoreimportant,heknowshissubjectthoroughly.b)Hewenttothemeeting,and,_______wasworse,insistedonspeaking.A.what　B.which　C.thatD.when20.Thefarmeruseswoodtobuildahouse________tostoregrain.A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.withwhich 21.Iwillinvite_______mydaughterloves.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whatever22.Youcanbuyasmanycopiesofthisbook________youwants.A.thatB.whichC.asD.forwhich23.Tomatemorefood_______wasgoodforhishealth.A.thatB.asC.thanD.which24.Hewashidingbehindthedoor_________hecouldseewhatwashappening.A.whichB.fromwhereCfromwhichD.where25.Shewore,_______wasveryuncommoninthecountry,aredgarment.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it=Sheworearedgarment,_______wasveryuncommoninthecountry.26.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich27.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What28.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich29.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that30.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that31.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which32.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As33.Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which34.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that35.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．ofthat36.TherewastimeIhatedtogotoschool.A．a;thatB．a;whenC．the;thatD．the;when37.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich38.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit. A．thewayB．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich39.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom40.GeorgeOrwell,_______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname四.答案1-5DBDBB6-10DBBAB11-15ABBCA16-20BADAA21-25BCCBC26-30CBACA31-35DDDDA36-40BDADD