高中二轮英语语法复习讲解-倒装 6页

高中英语语法之倒装倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。1.完全倒装　1)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。例如：Incametheteacherandtheclassbegan.（老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）2)there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的therebe句型以外，there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seemtobe,stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。　例如：Thereappearedtobeamaninblackinthedistance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）3)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then开头，后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Upclimbedtheboywhenhismothercame.4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。Outherushed.注意：1)在here,there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。例：Herecomesthepostman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）Hereweare.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）2)当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。例：Luckyishewhohasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversity.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）TypicalforChinaisthecrosstalkshowwhereapairofcomediansentertainstheaudiencewithwordplay.（中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众）高考资源网2.部分倒装1)部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehasalwaysdreamtabout（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）2)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：例：NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）InnocountryotherthanBritain,ithadbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化）3)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely……when,never,nosooner……than,rarely,nomore,notnearly,notonly等以及only。Onlyinthecountrycanyoulearnthe“trueEnglish”.4）一些如scarcely……when,nosooner……than,hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。5）此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括atnotime;bynomeans;bynomannerofmeans;fornoreason;innocase;in/undernocircumstances;innosense;innoway;onnoaccount;onnoconsideration;atnopoint例如UndernocircumstancesshouldyoulendPaulanymoney.注意：a)如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：　例：Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigmistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）b)如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：例：Itwasnotuntilhewentabroadthatheknowthetruthofthefact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）c)如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,atall时，意义类似almostno/not/never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。例：Hardlyanypeoplehavingbeeninvitedwentthere.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）6)由nomatterhow,however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：例：Iknownothingaboutthisriver,neitherhowlong,howwidenorhowdeepitis.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）7)由as引导的部分倒装句：a)当as作为比较意义时，即用于as+adj./adv.+as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。　例：Cautiousastherestofherfamily(was),shedidn"tseemwillingtogiveanimmediatereplytomyquestion.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）Shechargedthestairs,quickasarabbit(ran).（她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）b)当as引导让步状语时，和although,though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。Hardasheworked,hedidnotpasstheexam.(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格)c)表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。例：Tiredashewas,wedecidednottodisturbhim.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。）d)等于so时，意义是“也，也是”例：Sheworkedhard,so/asdidherhusband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）3.其它情况的倒装句1)so,neither,nor除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。a)当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：Hepromisedtofinishmyhomework,sodidI.b)so/such……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so/such和that之间的部分：　例：Soselfishwasshethateveryoneavoidtalkingwithher.c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.(阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)d)neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：1)完全倒装时：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。例：Youdon"tknowwhattodonow,neither/nordoI .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。）2)和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句：例：Thebesiegedenemycouldnotadvance,nor/neitherretreatcouldthey.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）注意：若把这句话改成："Thebesiegedenemycouldneitheradvancenorretreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）"就不必倒装。Sheneverlaughed,nordidsheeverlosehertemper.3)用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：例：Allthatistrue,normustweforgetit.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）　4)部分倒装，有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：例：A:Icouldn"tdoanythingforher.（我帮不了她。）B:Noryoucould,butyoumighthavegotsomebodytohelpher.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）2)在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：　例：Americaconsumesmoreenergythandidourcountry.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。）3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如Mayyouhappy.4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如NotevenonecloudwillIbringaway（不带走一片云彩）.注:如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.OnlyWangLingknowsthis.如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。"Let"go,"saidtheman.练习1.NotuntilIbegantowork_____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize2.—WhereisKate?—Look，_______,sheisattheschoolgate.A.theresheisB.thereissheC.hereyouareD.hereitis3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesiscorrect?A.IntheteachercameB.IndidcometheteacherC.IndidtheteachercomeD.Incametheteacher4.Out_____,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush5._______,heishonest.A.AsheispoorB.PoorisheC.PoorasheisD.Poorasishe6.________,heknowsalotofthings.A.AchildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasisheD.Childasishe7._____,youcan’tliftyourselfup.A.Evenyou’restrongB.StrongasyouareC.HowstrongyouareD.Inspiteyou’restrong8.Socarelessly________thathealmostkilledhimself.A.hedrivesB.hedroveC.doeshedriveD.didhedrive9.Earlyintheday____thenews_____theenemyweregone.A.come;thatB.came;thatC.comes;thatD.came;what10.Onlywhenyourealizetheimportanceofforeignlanguages_____themwell.A.youcanlearnB.canyoulearnC.youlearnedD.didyoulearn11.Onlyafterliberation_____tobetreatedashumanbeings.A.didtheybeginB.theyhadbegunC.theydidbeginD.hadtheybegun 12.Notonly____tostayathome,buthewasalsoforbiddentoseehisfriends.A.hewasforcingB.hewasforcedC.washeforcingD.washeforced13.Notuntilhisfatherwasoutofprison____toschool.A.canJohngoB.JohncangoC.couldJohngoD.Johncouldgo14.Neverbefore_____seensuchastupidman.A.amIB.wasIC.haveID.shallI15.Rarely____suchasillything.A.haveIheardofB.IhaveheardofC.amIheardofD.hadIheardof16.Little_____abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaredB.didhecareC.doeshecareD.hecares17.Onlywhen_____intheafternoon_____abletoleave.A.thematchwasover;theywereB.wasthematchover;weretheyC.wasthematchover;theywereD.thematchwasover;werethey18.Hardly____down____hesteppedin.A.hadIsat;thanB.Ihadsat;whenC.hadIsat;thenD.hadIsat;when19.Nosooner_____asleepthansheheardaknockatthedoor.A.shehadfallenB.hadshefallenC.shehadfellD.hadshefell20.ShedidnotseeSmith.________.A.NeitherdidIB.Nordidn’tIC.NeitherIdidD.Sodidn’tI21.Infrontofthefarmhouse______.A.layapeasantboyB.laidapeasantboyC.apeasantlayD.didapeasantboylie22.—Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.—_____,butwhocaredwhatIsaid?A.SooughtyouB.SoIoughtC.SodidyouD.SoIdid23.—Itwashotyesterday.—_____.A.Itwasso.B.Sowasit.C.Soitwas.D.Soitdid24.Nolonger_____tobemonitoroftheclass.A.ishefitB.heisfitC.hefitD.fitbe25.—Youlikefootballverymuch.—________.A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.IdotooD.Itisthesamewithme26.Onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday___beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou27.Hardly_____thebusstop___thebusarrived.A.wehadgotto;whenB.wehadgotto;thenC.hadwegotto;thanD.hadwegotto;when28.—Whereisyourbrother?—There______.A.heiscomingB.hecomesC.comesheD.doeshecome29._____earlieryouwouldhavemethim.A.IfyoucameB.IfyoudidcomeC.DidyoucomeD.Hadyoucome30.Notonly____pollutedbut____crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetB.thecitywas;werethestreetC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere31.Sheisateacherandworksatthecollege._______.A.SoisLiMingB.SodoesLiMingC.SoisitwithLiMingD.SoitiswithLiMing32.Now___Tom’sturntorecitethetext.A.thereisB.isgoingC.hascomeD.comes33.Hearingthecatcoming,off_____.A.fledallthemiceB.awayfledthemiceC.allthemicefledawayD.fleeingallthemice34._______readingandspeakingEnglisheveryday,hewouldspeakitwellenoughnow.A.HadhepracticedB.DidhepracticeC.ShouldhepracticeD.Werehetopractice 35.Nearby_____inwhichtheyhadspenttheirsummervacation.高考资源网A.wastwohousesB.twohouseswereC.weretwohousesD.aretwohouses36.Notonlyawriterbutalso______here.A.anactorwaswantedB.wasanactorwantedC.anactorwerewantedD.wereanactorwanted37.Sotired____afterawholeday’sheavyworkthatI____standonmyfeet.A.wasI;couldhardlyB.wasIfelt;couldhardlyC.wasI;couldn’thardlyD.Iwas;hardlycouldn’t38.Onlyinthisway_____expecttogetoversomanydifficulties.A.wearesuretoB.canweC.thatwecanD.thatcanwe39.Afterthatweneversawheragain,nor________fromher.A.didwehearB.weheardC.hasweheardD.wehaveheard40.Look,________.A.herethebuscomesB.hereisthebusconingC.herecomesthebusD.herethebusiscoming41.—DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?—Idon’tknow,_____.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso42.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited43.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizedD.didn’tthevillagersrealize44.Little_____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared45.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_______,and_______.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave46.—Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.—MyGod!______.A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.SowereyouD.Sodidyou47.Notasinglesong________atyesterday’sparty.A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing48._____thepeoplehavebecomemastersoftheirowncountrythatsciencecanreallyservethepeople.A.OnlythenB.ItisonlythenC.OnlywhenD.Itisonlywhen49.Notonly_______difficulttounderstand,butitwastoolong.A.itwasB.itmadeC.diditmakeD.wasit50.Onlywhentherainstopped_____again.A.thematchstartedB.doesthematchstartC.didthematchstartD.thematchhadstarted51.______hadIfinishedmytranslationwhentheclasswasover.A.NeverB.NosoonerC.HardlyD.How52.In_______andthelessonbegan.A.hecameB.cameheC.hecomesD.comeshe53.Onthewall______twolargepictures.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.arehanging54.Such______theresultsoftheexperiments.A.isB.wasC.areD.asbe55.—Theyhavedoneagoodjob.—________.A.SotheyhavedoneB.SotheyhaveC.SohavetheyD.Soisit 56.______herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.HardlydiditgrowdarkwhenC.ItwasnotuntildarkthatD.Itwasuntildarkthat57._____,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis58._____hotisthesunthatwecannotgooutatpresent.A.VeryB.TooC.SoD.Such答案：1-10CADCCBBDBB11-20ADCCABDDBA　　21-30ADCABDDBDC31-40DDAACAABAB　　41-50BBABBBCDDC51-58CABCBCDCwww.ks5u.com