2011年高考英语语法复习教案-定语从句 7页

高考语法专题：定语从句考纲新研读考查的重点是介词+关系代词which，whom引导的定语从句；非限制性定语从句也时有考查。1.限制性定语从句句子作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰部分叫先行词。(1)关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。that,指人或物：Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone(that)Ihaddippedintothecup.which,指物：Achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)who,whom,whose,指人，分别做主语、宾语和定语：Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.Who’stheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.介词后指人用whom,指物用which。介词可提前，也可在后；在后时可用who,that，也可省略：Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.=Thisistheroom(which/that)welivedinlastyear.Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’stheman(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?但是固定搭配,介词不能提前：Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?(2)关系副词：when,where,why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。when,指时间：Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.比较：IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.where,指地点：Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.比较：ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago. why,指原因：在“reason”后：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.比较：Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.(3)thesame...as;such...as引导的定语从句：ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.Youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelasttime.Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.(4)定语从句典例：LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.(who指boys)李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.(who指one)李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?(变为陈述句后，is移到building之后。)Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?(变为陈述句后，is移到this之后。)Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?(为避免重复，用that不用who)(5)定语从句应注意的几点：A.that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别：Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(that引导的是定语从句，that作宾语，可省略。)ThefactthattheChineseinventedthecompassisknowntoall.(that引导的是同位语从句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子介绍的是fact的具体内容。)B.用that不用which：两者都可表物，大部分情况可通用，但下列情况例外：先行词为all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等：Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.先行词被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first，second,last或形容词的最高级修饰时：That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.先行词既有人也有物时： Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.C.用which不用that：指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句：I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.2.非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，而非限制性定语从句只是附加说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、等引导：Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一个哥哥)HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一个哥哥)Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.比较：“他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。”Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.(非限制性定语从句)Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)另外，as和which引导非限制性定语从句，可代替整个句子，as指熟知的内容，引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而which指没想到的事情或客观事实，且只能在句尾。比较：Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(1)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which不用that,修饰人时用whom不用who。例如：Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.Who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?(2)注意:固定搭配,介词不能提前。例如：Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor? (3)既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如：Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputoneortwooftheirownwordsdown.Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabigcrowdofpeople.Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwasinjured.高考新剖析1.Aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.［2009年高考天津卷］A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykindofhim.［2009年高考全国卷Ⅱ］A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itCA3.Wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.［2008年高考上海卷］A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich4.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich5.Anyway,thatevening,__________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which6.GeorgeOrwell,__________wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealnameCADD7.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn 8.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,__________shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich9.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthatBDAA精题新探究•__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywascompletelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It2.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.withwhichD.ofwhom4.Children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.A.which;thatB.whose;whichC.which;whichD.whose;thatCBDB5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that6.__________isknowntotheworld,China’sLiuXiangbecamethefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesattheOlympicGames.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It7.Idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe meeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason__________youhaven’ttoldme.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.because;whyD.ofwhich;that8.Whenshecamebackfromabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthecitiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.whichDCAA9.Becauseofthetrafficjam__________Iwascaught,Iwaslateforthemeeting.A.bywhichB.inwhichC.thatD.where10.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________depthhasneverbeenmeasured.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose11.Onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothegameintheInternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthestudyintheschool.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.whenD.that12.Canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknowtheproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?A.asB.whereC.whyD.whichBDDB13.Alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatchherclassmatesplayingfootball.A.fromthereB.whereC.fromwhereD.there14.Shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.A.whichB.heC.itD.while15.JackieRobinsonWilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousastheplayer__________hewasnamed.A.afterwhomB.whichC.aswhoD.thatC AA