牛津英语5a英语语法 20页

牛津英语5a英语语法(三)一般现在时一.一般现在时行为动词词型变化形式　　一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称动词均用原形单数第三人称动词变化：　　多数在动词后加s　play—plays　like—likes,　　以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es　go—goes　wash--washes,　　以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es　fly—flies　study--studies二.一般现在时动词be和have的变化形式1.动词Be叫连系动词,连系动词be的用法：除了第一人称单数用am，和第三人称单数用is以外，其它人称用are。　Iambusy.Youarebusy.He(She)isbusy.We(You,They)arebusy.2.动词have的用法：除了第三人称单数用has以外，其它人称一律用have。如:　Ihaveapen.Youhaveapen.She(He)hasapen.　We(You,They)havepens.三.一般现在时的句型1.肯定句构成：主语+动词(注意人称变化)+其它成分　Ihaveadog.　Welikethelittlecat.　Shesingswell.2.否定句构成：　行为动词的否定句：主语+助动词(do/does)+not+动词原形+其它成分　Hedosen’thaveadog.　Heisn’tyoung.　Wedon’tlikethelittlecat.　(借助于助动词do)Shedoesn’tsingwell.(借助于助动词does)3.一般疑问句：　A.行为动词的一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形+其它成分　Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido./No.Idon’t.　Doeshe(she)likeit?Yes,he(she)does./No,he(she)doesn’t.　B.动词BE的一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+其它成分　Areyouateacher?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.　Aretheystudentsofyourschool.Yestheyare/Notheyaren,t.4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句　Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?　WhatdoyouusuallydoonSunday?四．一般现在时的用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：　everyyear,sometimes,at5o’clock,onSunday.　Igetupatsixo’clockeveryday.　Hegetsupatsixo’clockeveryday.　Shesmokestoomuch.　Itelephonetomyparentsonceaweek.2.表达客观真理，科学事实。如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。　Threeandfourmakesseven.　Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthe sun.　ShenyangliesinthenorthofChina.3.在格言或名言警句中。　Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄必败。　Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事实用于雄辩。4.表示现在的状态、性格、个性。　Idon’twantmore,thanks.　Heisagoodstudent.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.五.一般现在时其它用法一般现在时表将来1.含有go,come,return,arrive,leave,start,begin等动词的一般现在时表将来。表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。　Theschoolbusleavesateight.2.在时间或条件句中。　WhenTomcomes,askhimhowtofixthetap.　I’llhelpyouassoonasIarrivethere.3.在动词hope,　takecarethat,　makesurethat等后。　Ihopeshehasagoodtime.　Beforeyouleavetheroom,pleasemakesurethatthedoorisclosed.4.时间状语从句,条件句中,从句中(常含有till,once,assoonas,　when,while,before,after,solongas,bythetime,if,incase,　unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute)　Eg.AssoonasIgetthere,Iwilldealwiththismatter.　Whetherheishappyisanimportantthingtoher.5.倒装句，表示动作正在进行　Herecomestheteacher!=Theteacheriscoming.　Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.　Herecomesthecar.=Thecariscoming.一般现在时表过去1."书上"，"报纸上"的叙述。　Thenewspapersaysthatthepresidentwillretirenextmonth.2.叙述往事，使其生动。　Napoleon’sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.一般现在时表完成1.动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.　Eg.Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoParis.　　Iforget(=haveforgotten)howtoreadtheword.2.句型"Itis…since…"="Ithasbeen…since…"　Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.一般现在时表进行1.句型：Herecomes…；Theregoes…　Eg:Look,herecomesMr.Brown. 六.注意事项1.在英国，人们常用havegot代替have，特别在疑问句和否定句中。2.当have如果不表示“有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词do,does,don’t或者doesn’t.练习一.用词的适当形式填空。1.Whattime_________hisfather_________(do)thework?2.He_________(get)upatfiveo’clock.3.__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What________(do)heusually________(do)afterschool?5.Tom________(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.6.Kittysometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,she__________(watch)TVwithherparents.8.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?9.Howmanylessons________yourclassmates______(have)onMonday?10.Weoften___________(play)footballintheplayground.二．选择(　)1._____youhaveabook?　　A.Do　B.Are　C.Is　D.Have(　)2.They_________onafarm.　　A.working　B.iswork　C.work　D.isworked(　)3.DoesPeterliketowatchTV?　　__________.　　A.Yes,helike　B.No,hedoesn’t　C.Yes,he’dlike　D.No,helikes(　)4.Shedoesn’t__________herhomeworkintheafternoon.　　A.doing　B.todo　C.does　D.do(　)5.How____________Mr.Brown___________toAmerica?　　A.do,go　B.is,go　C.does,go　D.does,goes(　)6.Where’smycamera?I____________it.　　A.amnotfinding　B.amnotseeing　C.can’tfind　D.can’tlookat(　)7.How___________hegotowork?　　　He___________toworkbybike.　　A.does;go　B.do;goes　C.do;go　D.does;goes(　)8.______youusuallylateforschool?　　No,_____________.　　A.Do;Iam　B.Does;not　C.Are;I’mnot　D.Are;Iaren’t(　)9._____she_____homeatsixeveryday?　　A.Is,leave　B.Does,leave　C.Is,leaves　D.Does,left(　)10.Mr.Yang____________Englishthisterm.　　A.teachesour　B.teachesus　C.teachsus　D.teachour答案：一.1.does,do　2.gets　3.Do,brush　4.does,do　5.studies　6.goes　7.watches　8.Does,read　9.do,have　10.play二.1---5ACBDC　　6---10CDCBB　牛津英语5A英语语法(四)现在进行时 　一、概念　　现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．　　结构：助动词be(am/is/are)+现在分词.二、现在分词的构成：1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．　Eg:carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking,enjoy-enjoyinghurry-hurrying,do-doing,read-reading,think-thinking2.如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,　如come-coming,have-having,make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using．3.如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing　如：hit-hitting,let-letting,put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．4.如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,　如:for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试比较’benefit/benfiting,’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写．5.以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加-ing,eg:panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但lie/lying,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住．三、句型结构：1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词be(is/am/are)上．　1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其他成分　　Iamsinging.Theyarewriting.　2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+其他成分　　Iamnotsinging.Theyaren’twriting.　3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分　　AmIsinging?Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.　　Aretheywriting?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.　4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分　　Whatareyoudoing?Weareplaying(要求就提问内容具体回答).2.缩写形式如下:　　Iam---I’mYouare---You’reHeis---He’sSheis---She’s　　Itis---It’sWeare---We’reTheyare---They’re3.说明:不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：　　see、like、want、know等动词往往都不用进行时态．四．用法：1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情．往往与now,atthemoment,just等副词连用,以示强调．　Wearewaitingforyou.Whatareyoudoing?Someone’sknockingatthedoor．2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：　He’stalkingtohisfriendsintheclassroom.　可用still一词强调动作的持续性　He’sstilltalkingtohisfriendsintheclassroom.3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行．　Mr.Blackiswritinganotherarticle.　Don’ttakethatbookaway.Yourfather’susingit.　SheislearningpianounderMr.Black.4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：　What’syourbrotherdoingthesedays?He’sstudyingEnglishatOxfordUniversity.5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：　Peoplearebecomingmoreandmorebeautifulthesedays.6.表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．　Theleavesareturningbrown.　It’sgettingcolderandcolder.7.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩．　Youarealwayschangingyourmind.8.现在进行时(以及begoingto）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件We’respendingnextwinterinChina.用arrive,come,go,leave等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思：He’sarrivingtomorrowmorning.9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：　Heisalwayssingingatnight,andwecan’tfallasleeplateatnight. 练习一.用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.______you__________(fly)akite?Yes,_______.2.______you___________(sit)intheboat?3.______he_____________(talk)withme?4.We_______________(play)footballnow.5.What_________you__________(do)?6.I_____________(sing)anEnglishsong.7.What________he____________(mend)?8.He______________(mend)acar.9.Theseboys_________(play)tennisontheplayground.10.Mymother______________(cook)inthekitchen.11.Wecan’thelpyou,becausewe____________(have)classes.12.________theboy___________(write)hishomework?13.Look!Thesebutterflies_________(fly)inthesky.14.Listen!Thegirl___________(sing)inthenextroom.15.Thenaughtyboy__________(swim)intheriver.二.选择1.Look.Lucyis_____anewbiketoday.　A.jumping　B.running　C.riding　Dtakeing2.Thechildren_____football.　A.isplaying　B.areplaying　C.playthe　D.playa3.They______TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework.　A.arewatching　B.can’twatching　C.don’twatch　D.don’twatching4.Listen!She____inthe classroom.　A.issinging　B.sing　C.tosing　D.issing5.______areyoueating?I’meating______meat.　A.What,some　B.Which,any　C.Where,not　D.What,a6.Isshe____something?　A.eat　B.eating　C.eatting　D.eats7.Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.　A.haslost,don’tfind　B.ismissing,don’tfind　C.haslost,haven’tfound　D.ismissing,haven’tfound.8..Havingacomputerforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.　A.ischanging　B.haschanged　C.willhavechanged　D.willchange9.Thebuilding_______,Ican’tstandthenoise.　A.wasbeingbuilt　B.isbuilt　C.isbeingbuilt　D.builds10.Ican’tcatchupwiththefashion,becausetheclothesstyle_______allthetime.　A.haschanged　B.ischanged　C.ischanging　D.changed11.It’ssixintheafternoon.TheGreens_______lunchtogether.　A.has　B.arehaving　C.havehad　D.hadhad12.Don’tmakeanynoisewhilethestudents_______totheclass.　A.arelistening　B.listened　C.havelistened　D.hadlistened13.JackandKetty_______inthelake.Let’sjointhem,shallwe?　A.swim　B.haveswum　C.swam　D.areswimming14.Look!Thechildren_______basketballontheplayground.　A.plays　B.played　C.isplaying　D.areplaying15.Thekite_______highintheskynow.Itlookslikeabigbird.　A.hasflown　B.isflying　C.wasflying　D.flew16.Asweallknow,thepopulationintheworld_______fasterandfaster.　A.isgrown　B.isgrowing　C.aregrown　D.aregrowing17.Tomysurprise,he_______inclass.　A.isalwaysspeaking　B.wouldalwaysspeak　C.hasalwaysbeenspeaking　D.doesspeakalways18.Iwanttoknowwhenhe_______forNewYorktomorrow.　A.hasleft　B.isleaving　C.hadleft　D.hasbeenleaving19.He_______ofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.　A.hadalwaysthought　B.isalwaysthinking　C.hasalwaysbeenthought　D.thinkingalways20.Forests_______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthefuture.　A.cut　B.arecut　C.arebeingcut　D.hadbeencut牛津英语5A英语语法(五)代词一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。二代词的种类：1.人称代词主格　I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they　宾格　me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2.物主代词形容词性的物主代词　my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their 　名词性的物主代词　mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs3.反身代词　myself,herself,themselves…4.相互代词有：eachother,oneanother…5.提示代词有：this,that,these,those,those…6.疑问代词　who,what,whose…7.关系代词　which,that,who…8.连接代词　what,who,whose…9.不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词　all,each,both,either,neither,one,any…10.指示代词　that,this,these,those三代词的使用方法1.人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。详件见下表：　人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsItself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves 句法功能作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。作宾语介词宾语表语作定语作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours…作宾语,介词宾语,表语主语同为语根据上表的例句如下：Shedoesn’tbelieveus.Whenhearrived,Johnwentstraighttothebank..You’llfindyourbooksamongmineonthebookshelf.-Whoisit?-It’sme.Ourroomisonthefirstfloor,andtheirsisonthesecond.Theythinktoomuchofthemselves.Aweeklater,ImyselfhadtogotoParis.Helpyourself!Wecookforourselves.Isawherwiththem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.ThecapisJack’s.注意：在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。简单记成：单数2,3,1，复数1,2,3。都是三人称，女后男在先。例如：YouandIcanhelpeachother.Theycouldn’thaveseenTomandmethere.You,TomandIareleavingnextmonth.Youortheymustpasstheexam.We,youandtheyshouldgotheretogether.2.疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose)用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。指人：who,whom,whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：which①who与whom.(whom是who的宾格)Whotoldyouthetruth?Whomareyoutalkingwith?②whose,which,what(在非限定的数量中选择用what,在限定的数量中选择which)Whosebookisthis?WhatwasthedirectionalflowofU.S.territorialexpansion?Whichbookyoulikebetter,theEnglishbookortheChinesebook?Whatareyoureadingnow?What’syourfather? Whosebooksaretheseonthedesk?注意：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。Forwhatdomoststudentsstudy?Whatareyoulookingfor?3.指示代词this,these,that,those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。Thisisthebuswewant.Puttheseinyourbag.Myideaisthis.Howdoyouthinkofthisidea?注意：that和those有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。ThebestcoalisthatfromNewcastle.Thosewhowishtogomaysignuphere.4.不定代词用法辨析neither…nor…没有…也没有either…or…不是…就是…both两者都…one…theother…两个中的一个,另一个another再一个,又一个every作定语,每一个.(可以形成合成词everybodyeverything…)each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用.None否定意思,"没有一个…"5．其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。练习题：1.TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthan________inShenyang.　　A.that　B.It　C.this　D.one2.Mr.GreenisourEnglishteacher._____comesfromU.S.A.　　A.he　B.she　C.it　D.they3.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrow________?　　A.you　B.yourself　C.yours　D.your4.Wouldyoulikesometea?Yes,just_________--.　　A.afew　B.few　C.alittle　D.littlebit5.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?_________.Thanks,I’vehadenough.　　A.either　B.neither　C.some　D.both6.Ibought___________exercisebookswith__________money.　　A.afew,afew　B.afew,alittle　C.alittle,afew　D.alittle,alittle7.Imadethecakeby____________.Help__________,Tom. 　　A.ourselves,yourself　B.myself,yourself　C.myself,you　D.me,him8.Enjoy_____________,MayandMary.　　A.yourself　B.myself　C.yourselves　D.themselves9._____________houseisthis?It’smine.　A.What　B.Who　C.Whose　D.Whose10.Sheisastudentand____________nameisMary.　　A.she　B.her　C.hers　D.his11.ShewillgoskatingandIwilldo_________.　　A.such　B.same　C.thesameas　D.thesame12.__________ishe?Heisabusdriver.　　A.who　B.which　C.that　D.what13._____hatisthis?It’s__________.　　A.Whose,me　B.Who,mine　C.Whom,his　D.Whose,mine14.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan__________ofJapan.　　A.one　B.it　C.that　D.those15.LiLiiscleverthan_______inhisclass.　　A.anybody　B.anyoneelse　C.elseanyone　D.somebodyelse16._________likemusic.　　A.Bothofthem　B.Bothofthey　C.Thebothgirls　D.Boththem17.Couldyougivemesomeink?Sorry,Ihave__________inmybottle.　　A.afew　B.few　C.alittle　D.little18.Hehas___________totellus.　　A.somethingimportant　B.importantsomething　C.anythinguseful　D.usefulnothing19.Wouldyoulike___________coffee?Yes,I’dlike______________.　　A.any,any　B.some,some　C.some,any　D.any,some20._________oftheteachersareokinourschool.　　A.every　B.each　C.either　D.all21.Ofthethreeforeigners,oneisfromLondon,________arefromtheUSA.　　A.twoothers　B.theothertoo　C.anothertwo　D.theboth 22.Whichwouldyoulike,sir,teaorcoffee?Idon’tmind._______isok.　　A.Either　B.Neither　C.Any　D.Both23.Help__________tosomechicken,boysandgirls.　　A.you　B.yours　C.yourself　D.yourselves24.Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?______milkand______eggs.　　A.Little,alittle　B.Afew,few　C.Alittle,afew　D.Afew,alittle25.Whotaught______historylastyear?Nobody!Helearnedit_________.　　A.him,himself　B.his,himself　C.himself,himself　D.his,him26.Thereisn’t_______paperhere.Willyougoandget__________forme?　　A.any,any　B.any,some　C.much,many　D.many,much27.Thefarmerisbusybecausehe’sso__sheeptokeepandso__worktodo.　　A.much,many　B.many,much　C.many,alot　D.alot,much28.On_______sideoftheriverthere’remanytalltrees.　　Aevery　B.all　C.both　D.each29.Whosephotoisthis?It’s__________.　　A.me　B.mine　C.my　D.myself30.Whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?_______isLiPing’sbrother.　　A.This　B.That　C.It　D.He31.Theoldmanhastwosons,but__________ofthemliveswithhim.　　A.both　B.none　C.neither　D.all32.YouhavemoreapplesthanI,but_____arebiggerthan_________.　　A.my,your　B.my,yours　C.mine,your　D.mine,yours33.Thereis________meatathome.Wouldyoupleasegoandbuy______?　　A.some,alittle　B.alittle,any　C.little,some　D.little,any 34.Myparentsareworkers._______bothworkinthesamefactory.　　A.them　B.they　C.he　D.she35.CanyoucomeonFridayorSaturday?I’mafraid_______dayispossible.　　A.either　B.same　C.nay　D.neither36.Hecan’thearyou,becausethereis_____noisehere.　　A.verymuch　B.toomuch　C.muchtoo　D.somany37.Allofuswereinvited,but_______ofuscame.　　A.neither　B.none　C.both　D.any38.Thereisn’t__________waterinthecup.　　A.any　B.many　C.some　D.the39.Wehave_________sugar.Really?Let’sgoandbuysome.　　A.few　B.afew　C.little　D.alittle40.Thereisn’t____________milkinthefridge.You’dbetterbuysome.　　A.no　B.any　C.some　D.afew41.Help_____tosomemeat,Mary.　　A.themselves　B.ourselves　C.yourself　D.himself42.Thoughtheyhadcleanedthedoor,therewasstill__________wateronit.　　A.little　B.alittle　C.few　D.afew43.Theoldmankeptoneblackdogandtwowhite__________.　　A.one　B.ones　C.those　D.one’s44.______ofushasreadthenewspaper,soweknownothingaboutit.　　A.some　B.both　C.none　D.all45.Heisnotakind-heartedman,________peoplecangetonwellwithhim.　　A.few　B.afew　C.little　D.alittle46.I’moldenoughtowash_______clothes.Youshouldwash______,too.　　A.my,your　B.mine,yours　C.my,your　D.your,my47.It’stoohot.Give__________abottleoforange.　　A.mine　B.he　C.her　D.our48.Whenshallwemeetagain?___dayisOK.　　A.either　B.neither　C.none　D.any 49.Whichofthetwobookswillyoubuy?I’llbuy__,soIcangiveonetoJoe.　　A.either　B.neither　C.all　D.both50.Thegirlsarecrying.________can’tfind__________mother.　　A.She,her　B.They,them　C.They,their　D.They,her答案：1-5AACCB　6-10BBCCB　11-15DDDCB16-20ADABD　21-25BADCA　26-30BBDB　31-35CDCBD　36-40BBACB　41-45CBBCA　46-50CCDDC牛津英语5A英语语法(六)数词　　一数词的种类数词分基数词和序数词　　基数词是表示自然数列的词,例如;one,two,three,four…..　　序数词是表示先后顺序的词,例如:first,second,third,fourth…　　二基数词和序数词的表示法　　1．基数词单词的拼写：1~12为单词，13~19都以后缀-teen结尾，20至90这样的整十数都以后缀-ty结尾，其他基数词中间加连字符号“-”再按照上述的变化进行。　　例：21→twenty-one56--fifty-six85→eighty-five　　三位数的构成为：几+百+and+末两位（或末一位）数　　例：132→onehundredandthirty-two　　205→twohundredandfive　　千以上的数字的读法：从后面往前，每三位数作为一个单位，分别为thousand,million. 　　32,548,652,读作：thirtytwomillion,fivehundredandfortyeightthousand,sixhundredandfiftytwo　　2.序数词=基数词+th(1、2、3为first,second,third)。但以下几种情况要注意：　　1)fifth(第五)，eighth(第八)，ninth(第九)，twelfth（第十二）　　2)以ty结尾的基数词变词尾为tieth　　例：twenty→twentieth,ninety→ninetieth　　3)复合序数词只需要将相应基数词中最后一位变成序数词，其余不变。　　例：第二十一→twenty-first　　第二百四十五→twohundredandforty-fifth　　三基数词序数词的用法　　1.hundred,thousand,million与数字连用，表示一定量的具体数字，不用复数，但表示不定概念可用复数　　例：threehundredpeople,millionsofpeople　　2.基数词表示时刻。　　例：7点seveno’clock,7:20seventwenty　　3.给某些事物编号　　例：LessonOne=thefirstlesson　　BusNo.2　7月1日=JulyI(JulyIst)　　1996年6月3日=June3,1996=Junethethird,nineteenninety-six　　4.有关分数表示法。分子是基数词，分母是序数词。当分子大于1时，分母就用复数。 　　例：I’vereadone-fifthofthebooks.　　I’vefinishedthree-fifthsofthewords.　　5.有关倍数表示法　　两倍用twice,三倍以上用数词+times,要注意倍数在句子的位置。　　例：Thedooristhreetimesthesizeofthis.　　6.十位数字（个位为零）的基数词以复数形式出现时，表示年代、年龄　　例：Sheisagood-lookingwomaninherforties.(forties指40—49岁之间)　　四．数词实练习题解析：　　1.TheEnglishfor10,440is　　　　.　　A.tenthousand,fourhundredsandforty　　B.tenthousand,fourhundredandforty　　C.tenthousands,fourhundredandforty　　D.tenthousandandfourhundred,forty　　本题在于掌握千以上数字的读法，在千、百前面有数字，不加复数；百位、十位中间加and，每三位为一组，再加相应的单位即可，故选B　　2.oftheworkersinthefactoryisabouttwohundred,　　　　ofthemarewomenworkers.　　A.Thenumber,first-third　B.Thenumber,one-third　C.Anumber,half　D.Anumber,threequarters　　分数表达法前文阐述已经很多，应表示为one-third.要区分thenumberof与anumberof,thenumberof指“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数；　　anumberof意为“许多”，谓语动词为复数。故选B 　　3.---Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?　　---Yes,itis　　　　.　　A.85662　B.85626　C.85006　D.85000　　千以上的数字，从后往前三个数为一个单位，即从85之后顺次写出三个数即可，即626，连在一起即为85626。故选B.　　4.About　　　　ofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.　　A.fouth-fifths　B.four–fifth　C.four–fifths　D.fourths-fifth　　本题考查分数的表达法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1，　　分母用复数，因此它的表达法为four-fifths,故选C。　　5.Theroadisover　　　　meterslong.　　A.sixhundredandfifty-two　B.sixhundredsandfiftytwo　　C.sixhundred,fifty–two　D.sixhundred,fiftyandtwo　　百、千、百万等词与数字连用不用复数，因此不加s。其次表示百位数时要在百位和十位之间（无十位，则在百位和个位之间）加and，再次在个位与十位之间要有连字符“-”，故本题选A　　6.January　　　　isNewYear’sDay.　　A.one　B.two　C.thefirst　D.thesecond　　某月的几号要用序数词表示，读时序数词前要加the。故选C　　7.Takethe　　　　turningonyournight.　　A.nine　B.ninth　C.nineteen　D.nineth 　　根据题意判断本题考第几个转弯处需用序数词，拼写正确的只有B　　五．专项练习　　1.Thereare　　　daysinaweek.　　A.theseven　B.seventh　C.theseventh　D.seven　　2.Ithinkthatthe　　　century(世纪)willbringusmorehopes.　　A.twenty-one　B.twentieth-first　C.twenty-first　D.twentieth-one　　3.--Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?　　--　　　thestudentsinourschool　　　overtwothousand.　　A.Thenumberof;is　B.Thenumberof;are　C.Anumberof;is　D.Anumberof;are　　4.Thenewstudentisin　　　.　　A.Class2　B.ClassSecond　C.2Class　D.class2　　5.--Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?　　--　　　,butI’mnotsure.　　A.Hundreds　B.Hundred　C.Hundredsof　D.Onehundred　　6.　　　oftheteachersinourschoolisaboutonehundred,andofthemarewomenteachers.　　A.Thenumber,two-thirds　B.Thenumber,two-thid　　C.Anumber,half　D.Anumber,three-quarters　　7.---Dad,whenwillyoubefree?Youagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago.　　---Iamsorry,Jean.ButIthinkIwillhavea　　　holidaysoon. 　　A.four-days　B.four-day　C.fourdays　D.fourday　　8.FanZhiyi’stransfertoDundeeFootballClubattheendoflastyeararoused(激起)　　　Chinesepeople’sinterest.　　A.thousandof　B.thousand　C.thousandsof　D.thousands　　9.Thisstoryhappenedon　　　.　　A.1989,Oct21st　B.Oct.21st,1989　C.21Oct,ber,1989　D.21stofOctber,1989　　10."Sevenfive"canbewritten　　　.　　A.fivesevens　B.fivetoseven　C.sevenfives　D.fivepastseven　　答案：　1-5DCAAD　　6-10ABCBD小学牛津英语5A语法知识语法1 be动词Be动词的用法：(1)Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.(3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.语法2人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1．人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2．物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一.填写代词表主格。 I   itwe   you     them  his   your    hers    语法3名词复数一、名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds等2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches等3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries等4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teeth等语法4一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍　　一般现在时的功能　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。　　3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。　　一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。　　当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。　　 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?　-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形+其它。如：Idon"tlikebread.　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyoulikedogs?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoschoolbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?一般现在时用法专练:语法5现在进行时现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。