2013对口升学英语语法专题细讲精练： 动词短语02 6页

版权所有-中职教学资源网2013对口升学英语语法专题细讲精练：动词短语02动词是英语中的重要词类之一,也是对口高考英语中的一个考查热点｡它是英语语言综合运用中的灵魂,没有动词的句子,就不是完整的句子可以将动词进行分类学习｡一､在句子中否定词前移的动词类在主从复合句中,若主句的主语为第一人称,这类动词后面接含否定意义的宾语从句时,要把从句的否定词转移到主句中去｡这类动词有think,believe,expert,imagine,suppose,feel,guess,fancy等｡例如:Totellyouthetruth,Idon"tsupposehecangiveyouanyhelpinsuchashorttime,?A.doIB.can"theC.canheD.don"tyou(答案为C)在回答对方提问时,这类动词的常用句式为“Iexpectso/not”｡例如:—Wedon"tbelievewecanmakesuchanattempt,canwe?—Iexpectnot.二､计划未能实现的动词类此类动词常用过去完成时,其后接动词不定式作宾语,或用于一般过去时,其后接不定式的完成式表示虚拟语气,或表达原来的计划未能实现｡这类动词有intend,mean,plan,expect,hope,think,want,suppose等｡例如:Ihadmeanttotellyouaboutityesterday,butthesnowstormpreventedme.Theyhopedtohavestayedthereaweek,butthewordcame.Ihadtocomeback.三､表示将来时间的动词类这类动词常用一般现在时､现在进行时表示将来时间｡它们有come,go,leave,start,arrive,move,begin,fall,see,stay,takeoff等｡例如:Yourplanetakesoffataquarterpasttwointheafternoon.http://www.cnzj5u.com电话：010-52200939Email:cnzj5u@163.com欢迎投稿稿酬从优第6页共6页 版权所有-中职教学资源网四､表示“据说”意义的动词类此类动词常用过去分词形式,表示“据说”､“据报道”等意思｡常见句式为“It+be+过去分词+that从句”｡这类动词有decide,say,know,report,think,believe,suppose,declare,announce等｡注意:order,suggest,request后面的that从句中常用虚拟语气,也可省略should,直接用动词原形来表示｡例如:Itisorderedthatthisdesign(should)begivenupasquicklyaspossible.Itisannouncedthattwoteamswillhaveagameinourschool.五､使用替代词的动词类此类动词后面常接so/not作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词｡这类动词有believe,guess,imagine,expect,hope,wouldlike等｡例如:—Willitrainthisweekend?—Iexpectso/not.六､混合使用在被动结构中的动词类此类动词常用“动词be+过去分词”结构,这种结构既表示被动意义,又表示一种状态｡常见的这种结构有besurprised,beastonished,bediscouraged,bepleased,bedisappointed,befrightened,besatisfied,beabsorbed,beborn,bedressed,bedevoted,beseated,beengagedin,beobligedto,besupposedto,besuppliedwith,beconnectedwith,beequippedwith,bemarriedto等｡例如:TheseyearstheyhavebeenengagedinbuildingtheThreeGorges.Youaresupposedtosendforadoctorimmediately.七､能带同源宾语的动词类有些不及物动词后面可以接词源相同的名词作宾语,即同源宾语｡这一名词前面往往有一个修饰语或另一个名词的所有格｡这类动词有die,smile,live,dream,laugh,smell,run,sing,whistle,fight等｡例如:Hediedaheroicdeath.Hesmiledaforcedsmile.Thentheylivedadog"slife.http://www.cnzj5u.com电话：010-52200939Email:cnzj5u@163.com欢迎投稿稿酬从优第6页共6页 版权所有-中职教学资源网Theladylaughedaheartylaugh.八､瞬间动词类瞬间动词(又叫终止性动词)表示动作不能延续,在肯定句中不能与表达一段时间的状语连用｡这类动词有go,come,leave,start,return,begin,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,kill,marry,graduate等｡比较:TheyhavebecomefriendssincetheymetinShanghai.(错误)TheyhavebeenfriendssincetheymetinShanghai.(正确)Mygrandfatherhasdiedfortenyears.(错误)Mygrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.(正确)九､带介词to的动词词组类这类动词词组有leadto(导致),stickto(坚持),referto(提及),lookforwardto(盼望),belongto(属于),objectto(反对),be/getusedto(习惯于),beaccustomedto(习惯于),adjustto(适应),adaptto(适应),putanendto(结束),devote...to(献身于),setto(开始积极的做),getdownto(着手),giveone"slifeto(献身于),prefer+v-ing...to+v-ing(与……比更喜欢……),cometo(谈到),besupposedto(反对),agreeto,addto等｡例如:Thered-letterdayhehasbeenlookingforwardtoiscomingtoday!Mybrotherobjectstobeingmadefunofhim.十､与冠词连用,表示“拍”､“打”､“拉”､“抓”意义的动词类这类动词有pat,tap,hit,beat,strike,take,catch,grasp,pull,seize等｡这类动词常用的句式为“主语+及物动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位”｡例如:Theangryfathercaughthissonbythearm.Thenaughtyboyhitthemanonthenose.十一､感官使役动词类这类动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的时候,表示动作已经完成或表示动作的全过程;后接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行,后接过去分词时表示一个被动动作已经完成｡http://www.cnzj5u.com电话：010-52200939Email:cnzj5u@163.com欢迎投稿稿酬从优第6页共6页 版权所有-中职教学资源网但在被动结构中作主语补足语的动词不定式要带to｡这类动词有see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,listento,make,let等｡例如:Isawtwoboysplayingfootballontheplayground.Weoftenheardthissongsungbyourstudentsafterclass.WhenIstayedathome,Ioftenmademylittlebrothercry,butlastweek,Iwasmadetocrybymylittlebrother.十二､系动词类能用作系动词的词后面常接形容词或名词作表语,此时动词没有进行时态和被动语态｡这类动词有be,appear,become,feel,look,sound,seem,taste,prove,remain,smell,grow,turn,go,come,run,fall,make,remain,continue,stand,lie,sit,exist等｡例如:Thisroastedducklooksgoodandsmellsdelicious.Onhearingthenewshelookedsadandhelookedatmesadly.Mybrotherremainedsilentalltimeatthemeeting.Thespeechhemadeproveddisappointing.十三､后接动名词作宾语的动词类此类动词及短语动词后面接动名词作宾语｡这类动词和短语动词有mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practice,delay,finish,forbid,deny,feellike,lookforwardto,can"thelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等｡例如:Heisconsideringfinishingpratisingplayingthenotesinordernottodisturbothers.Thetigerescapedbeingkilledbythehunter.十四､后接动词不定式作宾语的动词类这类动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语｡它们有afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeupone"smind,used,beabout,beable,have等｡http://www.cnzj5u.com电话：010-52200939Email:cnzj5u@163.com欢迎投稿稿酬从优第6页共6页 版权所有-中职教学资源网例如:ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Myfatherearnsalowsalaryeverymonth,sohecan"taffordtobuysuchanexpensivecar.十五､后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词类这类动词的后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词｡其中区别不大的有begin,continue,like,love,prefer,start,hate｡意义有明显区别的有trytodo(努力做),trydoing(试着做),meantodo(打算),meandoing(意味着做),can"thelpdoing(忍不住做),can"thelptodo(不能帮助做),rememberdoing(记得做过),remembertodo(记住去做),regretdoing(后悔做过),forgettodo(忘记去做),forgetdoing(忘记做过),stoptodosth(停下正做的事去做另外一件事),stopdoingsth(停止正在做的事),goontodosth(接着做另一件事),goondoingsth(继续做某事)｡例如:Iamtoobusytoday,soIcan"thelptowashthedishes.今天太忙,我不能帮助刷盘子了｡Hearingthestory,Ican"thelplaughingheartily.听到这个故事,我情不自禁地笑了起来｡十六､表示“需要”意义的动词类这类动词后面既可以直接接动名词,也可接动词不定式的被动式,但二者均可表示被动含义｡这类动词有need,want,require,deserve等｡例如:Thenewteachingbuildingneedspainting.(=Thenewteachingbuildingneedstobepainted.)Yoursuggestiondeservesreconsidering.(=Yoursuggestiondeservestobereconsidered.)十七､用在虚拟语气中的动词类表示应该(或规劝､命令､建议､要求)等意义的动词后面,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式,其中should常常可以省略｡这类动词有order,suggest,insist,advise,command,demand,require等｡例如:CaptainCookcommandedhismen(should)jumpintothesea.http://www.cnzj5u.com电话：010-52200939Email:cnzj5u@163.com欢迎投稿稿酬从优第6页共6页 版权所有-中职教学资源网ThepolicerequiredthatI(should)turnup.十八､用主动形式表示被动意义的动词类这类动词常用主动形式表示被动的意义,其后常跟副词well,easily,poorly,用来说明主语的特点､性质或状态等｡这类动词有break,burn,cook,cut,drive,eat,iron,keep,play,sell,last,open,shut,wear,wash,write,translate,print,run,read,operate等｡例如:Theclothesmymotherboughtformelastyearwashedwell.Thepenwritessmoothly.十九､不能用于被动语态和进行时的动词类这类动词不能用于被动语态,它们用作谓语动词时,也不能用于进行时｡这类动词(短语)有become,cost,have,last,hold(容纳),fit,stand(忍受),suit,belongto,consist,exist,depend,happen,takeplace,runout(用完),breakout,giveout(耗尽),goout(熄灭),burstforth(突然爆发)等｡例如:Thecarinthegaragebelongstomyelderbrother.Thechairgaveoutunderthefatman.Thefuelranoutontheway.二十､后接反身代词作宾语的动词类这类动词后面常接反身代词作宾语｡它们有enjoy,seat,present,teach,help,devote,call,find,force等｡例如:Hetaughthimselflawwhenfreeanddevotedhimselftoteaching.Hedevotedhimselftotherevolutionmanyyearsago.Theboycalledhimselfafoolwhenhewastoldtoleavethegarden.http://www.cnzj5u.com电话：010-52200939Email:cnzj5u@163.com欢迎投稿稿酬从优第6页共6页