• 55.17 KB
  • 2022-06-17 15:04:52 发布

高考英语语法定语从句复习

  • 21页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
  4. 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
江苏省石庄高级中学2007届高考英语语法定语从句复习目录第一部分基本知识第二部分高考考点分析第三部分定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分第四部分定语从句与易混句型练与析第五部分真题演练第六部分巩固练习第一部分基本知识定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。表一:总体概念分类指代引导词关系代词人who,whom,that,as事物which,that,as人或物(表所属关系)whose关系副词地点where时间when原因why表二:关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代例句解释who人ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.在定从中作主语whomThatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.在定从中作宾语,可省略whoseHeisthefatherwhosesonstudiesverywellinourclass.在定从中作定语21 thatI´mnotthefoolthatyouthoughtmetobe.在定从中作表语asHeissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith.在定从中作宾语that事物Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.在定从中作宾语whichAdictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords在定从中作主语whoseHelivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth在定从中作定语asItissuchabigstoneasnobodycanlift.在定从中作宾语整句内容Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.在定从中作主语表三:关系副词的基本用法关系代词指代例句解释when时间Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?在定从中作状语where地点Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge.在定从中作状语why原因Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.在定从中作状语第二部分高考考点分析[考点一]考查以that与which引导的定语从句通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything,none等时。例如:Hisbrotherdid______shecouldtohelphim.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.allD.which[解析]句中did是及物动词,后缺少宾语,而could后又省略了动词do,所以用all作did的宾语,all后面省略了关系代词that,故答案选[C]。(2)先行词被序数词,形容词的最高级以及被all;any;every;each;few;little;no;some;theonly;thevery,thesame;thelast等修饰时。21 例如:Heistheonlystudentthat(who)ispunishedforbreakingtheschoolrules.(3)如果两个先行词一个指人,一个指物,应用关系代词that。Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongtheviewers.(4)先行词是who时:Whothathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?通常只用which的情况(1)关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句,只能用which。例如:Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,________shewantedtobe.(05’湖北卷)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which[解析]先行词lawyer尽管是人,但这儿表示职业,这是一个非限定定语从句,关系代词在句中作宾语,只能用which,不能用that,所以答案选[D]。(2)关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句,指代前面整个句子内容时,只能用which。例如:Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(05’浙江卷)A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it[解析]这是个非限制性定语从句,用which指代前面句子内容,故答案选[A]。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句,其中一个用了that,另一个最好用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.(4)句中出现了that,或先行词是that时:IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.(5)介词放在关系代词之前时:Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)[考点二]考查以who、whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom、who而不用which。Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom或者who。作介词宾语时只能用whom例如:①Thefamousbasketballstar,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.(02’安徽春季)A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who[Key:D]②Alecaskedthepoliceman____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasan21 accident.(2002上海)A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom[解析]thepoliceman是先行词,而work是不及物动词,后接宾语必须跟上相应的介词,所以答案选[C]。(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,表示某物时,它相当于the+noun+of+which或ofwhich+the+noun;表示某人时,它相当于the+noun+of+whom或ofwhom+the+noun。例如:①Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.(06’福建卷)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what[解析]句中先行词thehouse与roof之间构成所属关系,所以要用whose,故答案选[A]。②Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.(06’浙江卷)A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which[考点三]考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+which。(1)关系副词Where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。例如:We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(06’山东卷)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which[解析]先行词apoint是表示地点的名词,并在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where来引导,故答案选[A]。(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。例如:Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.(04’湖北卷)A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;whenKey:[B](3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。例如:Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因吗?[考点四]对“as”引导定语从句的考查(1)先行词与as;so;such;thesame连用时,常用关系代词或副词as。例如:Childrenshouldreadsuchbooks_____willmakethembetterandwiser.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as[Key:D](2)在引导非限定性定语从句中,指代前面句子的内容时用which或as,指代后面句子的内容时只能用as。21 例如:Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_______,surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(05’浙江)A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it[解析]此句是一个非限制性的定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,并指代前面句子的整个内容。所以此题选[A]as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和thesame…as,such…as,as…as的结构中。as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。Hemarriedthegirl,as(which)wasnatural.Heseemedafreigner,as(which)infacthewas.不同的是:as引导的定语从句可以前置,而which不行。Aswasnatural,hemarriedthegirl.在thesame…as,such…as,as…as结构中,same,such,as之后应是名词或形容词+名词。Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Somepeoplehavenodoubtthattheircatunderstandsasmanywordsasadogdoes.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要换结构,不能直接用which代替as。以上三句分别可以改写成:Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.Somepeoplehavenodoubtthattheircatunderstandsthewordswhichadogunderstands.Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.thesame…as与thesame…that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是:前者修饰的是与原物同样的;而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。比较:ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。(不是同一只)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。(同一只)(3)表示“正如…..”时,只能用关系代词as。如:asisknowntoall;asweallknow;as(it)oftenhappens;ashasbeensaidbefore;aswasexpected;asissaidabove;asismentionedabove;asisreported等。例如:______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress(04’北京卷)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What[解析]这是一个非限制性的定语从句,关系代词指代后面句子的整个内容,所以关系代词只能用as,故此题选[B][考点五]对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”,且两个关系代词均不能省略,介词的选择要遵循两个原则:(a)根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。(b)根据先行词特殊用法而定。21 例如:①Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.(06’重庆卷)A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich[解析]此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,根据句意用fromwhich表示“所来的那个方向”,故答案选[D]。②Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.(04’湖北卷)A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich[解析]thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings,which在定语从句中指代building,作介词of的宾语,故答案为[D]。[考点六]theway作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用inwhich,that或者省略。例如:Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.(04’湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich[解析]此句中not…but连接两个并列成分,即theway与what从句作并列表语,way后的定语从句的引导词作状语用inwhich,that或者省略。所以选[A]。a.在比较正式的文体中用inwhichIwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.ItwasclearthatthespeakernowtrustedTomfromthewayinwhichthesewordsweresaid.b.一般情况下用thatLincolnaskedthepeopletothinkofslaveryinthewaythatthesemendid.Mary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.c.inwhich或that省去。That"sthewayIlookedatit.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.[考点七]定语从句与先行词被分割开来定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。1.在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有:Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨别的方法是:去掉插入语后,原句句法结构仍然完整。例如:①---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(05’福建卷)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what[解析]work是不及物动词,先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语,Youknow在句中作插入语,所以答案选[C]。21 ②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.(‘98上海卷)A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis[解析]这里Ithink是插入语,which引导非限制性定语从句,故选[A]。2.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。例如:Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。乍一看,that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面,似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想,”不对啊,天空怎么能象太阳呢?“,原来that引导的定语从句被inthesky这个地点状语分隔开来,修饰中心词stars。3.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。例如:DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你还记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链?whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。tenyearsago实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。4.先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后例如:AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.第三部分定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分一、定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.③MrLihasthreedaughters;_____aredoctors.解析:定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them;③小题是两个并列分句,无需连接词,缺少主语,故填none或they。二、定语从句与状语从句①Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为theplace)②Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)③Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)21 ④Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)⑤Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.这就是他的父亲曾经在那里工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)⑥Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把书放回原处。(状语从句)三、定语从句与同位语从句①Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedyesterday.这就是昨天我们参观过的地方。(定语从句)②Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tattendthemeeting.我们不知道他们(为什么)没有参加会议的原因。(定语从句)③Thetexttellsusafactthatsmokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.这篇课文又告诉我们一个事实,吸烟对健康危害很大。(同位语从句)④Ihadnoideawhenthesportsmeetwilltakeplace.我不知道运动会何时举行。(同位语从句)⑤Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。(同位语从句)⑥Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)⑦I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIsawtheGreatWall.我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。(定语从句,关系副词when作从句状语)⑧Thefactthat(which)wetalkedaboutisveryimportant.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。(定语从句,that在从句中作about的宾语)⑨Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(同位语从句,that只起连接作用)三、定语从句与强调句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.解析:定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:强调句的结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。从结构上看,①小题是强调句,故填that。此种情况检测的标准是:先把强调句中的It21 is/was去掉,再把被强调部分还原,在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下,如句子仍然成立则为强调句,否则为定语从句。将第①小题改为:ImetLiangWeionthemorningofMay1stattheairport.显然,这句话是正确的,故为强调句。②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知thefactory前差个介词in,故填where。四、定语从句与习惯句型用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。①Itisthefirsttime_____shehasbeeninShanghai.②Itwasthetime_____Chinesepeoplehadahardlife.解析:这里①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为:Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that从句。故①填that,其意为:这是她第一次在上海。②小题thetime是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填when。五、定语从句与简单句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,_____didn"thelp.②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork._____didn"thelp.解析:含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于:前者有主句,有从句,必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,显然应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which,前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It,代替前面的整个句子。解题时,注意标点符号的运用。第四部分定语从句与易混句型练与析定语从句是历年高考试题中的考查热点之一,虽然其难度并不大,但许多考生对这一语法内容掌握得并不好,失分较多。做这一类题的关键是要能正确地分析出其结构来,即首先认出它是否为定语从句,然后再确定使用哪个连接词。定语从句易与其他句型混淆,需要仔细区分。现在我们来看看下列句型结构,请大家选择恰当的词填空(有的小题正确答案不止一个)。Ⅰ.A.whomB.themC.theyD.who1.MrSmithhasthreesons,noneof_____isacomputerexpert.2.Hehasthreesisters,_____aredoctors.3.ShehasthreeCDs,butnoneof_____isinteresting.4.Ihavemanyfriends,andallof_____areniceandfriendly.5.MissYanghassomerelativeshere;_____likeherverymuch.本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句,正确答案分别是A和D;第3和4小题有并列连词but和and,为并列句,每句只能有一个连接词,故正确答案均为B;第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接,是两个并列分句,无需连接词,故C项正确。Ⅱ.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that21 1.Ricegrowswell_____thereisenoughwater.2.Iknowtheuniversity_____myparentsworkedtenyearsago.3.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre.4.Thehospital_____MrLiwasoperatedoninhastakenonanewlook.本组题考查定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。第1和3小题均无先行词,是表示地点的状语从句,只能用where引导,故答案均为A;第2小题是定语从句,A和C两项均正确;第4小题是定语从句,由于有介词in,故B、D两项均正确。Ⅲ.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.who1.Itisonasummerafternoon_____hemetLiangWeifromShanghai.2.Isitonthefarm_____MrWanglives?3.Itisthefarm_____MrWanglives.4.IsitLangWeiwei_____isspeakingtoaforeigner?本组题考查定语从句与强调句的区别。强调句的结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that+从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分,而且强调人时,还可用who代替that。注意这一句型中不能因为被强调部分是时间或地点,就想当然地用when或where代替that。第1和2小题是强调句,故A项正确。可用此技巧解题:先把强调句中的Itis/was...that去掉,再把被强调部分调到句末,在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下,如句子成立则为强调句,否则为定语从句。可将第1和2小题分别改为:HemetLiangWeifromShanghaionasummerafternoon.MrWanglivesonthefarm.显然,两句均正确,故为强调句。第3小题是定语从句,用上述技巧可知缺介词on,故C项正确;第4小题也是强调句,强调人,故A、D两项均正确。Ⅳ.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which1.Nobodyinourschoolhasthesamecamera_____youhave.2.Sheissuchagoodgirl_____doeswellinFrench.3.Sheissuchagoodgirl_____allofusliketomakefriendswithher.本组题考查结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。第1小题是as引导的定语从句,即thesame...as结构,as在从句中作宾语,第2小题也是as引导的定语从句,即such...as结构,as在从句中作主语,故答案均为B。第3小题是such...that结果状语从句,关键区别在于that在状语从句中不作任何成分,故正确答案为A。Ⅴ.A.thatB.which1.Thenews_____hetoldmesoundsreasonable.2.Thenews_____ChinahasjoinedtheWTOexcitesalltheChinese.21 本组题考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分,只是用来解释或说明先行词的内容,而定语从句中的that在从句中作主语或宾语。第1小题是定语从句,因为tell缺直接宾语,故A和B项均正确;第2小题从句中不缺主、宾语,是同位语从句,故A项正确。Ⅵ.A.thatB.whenC.which1.Itisthefirsttime_____Ihavebeenhere.2.Itwasthetime_____wehadahardlife.本组题考查固定结构与定语从句的区别。第1小题是“It(This)is/was...timethat+从句”结构,意为“这是某人第几次干某事”,故A项正确;第2小题为时间作先行词的定语从句,故B项正确。第五部分真题演练1.Women______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose______don"t.(2006北京卷)A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填答案C解析:who引导定语从句,指代人,在从句中作主语,所以不能省略。2.TheBeatles,______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as答案D解析:as引导定语从句,在从句中作remember的定语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。3.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.(2006上海卷)A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what答案C解析:先行词虽然是地点,但是定语从句中缺少主语,因而选C=antheplaceswould…4.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.(2006辽宁卷)A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom答案D解析:动词+ing形式作students的定语,表示主动,即表示有一些正在学习的学生。ofwhom引导定语从句,whom代替先行词thestudents作of的宾语,表示“其中的”。5.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds..(2006江苏卷)A.whoB.thatC.asD.which答案D解析:which引导非限制性定语从句。which在从句中作主语。在限制性定语从句中,表示物时,既可以用that也可以用which引导。但在非限制性定语从句,只能用which引导。6.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,________wegavesomebellsandglasses.(2006湖南卷)21 A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich答案B解析:towhom引导定语从句,因为先行词是us,表示人,所以要用whom代替us。givesthtosb表示“把……给某人”,介词to表示方向。with表示“与……在一起”,不与give连用。7.——Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?——Yes,there"sonepointwemustinsiston.(2006江西卷)A.whyB.whereC.howD./答案D解析:后一句是个定语从句,先行词在从句中做insiston的宾语,所以that或which可以省略。why引导定语从句只修饰先行词reason,在从句中作状语,从句必须完整。where引导定语从句时,在从句中作作状语,从句必须完整。how不引导定语从句。8.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentformtheclass _____hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.(2006重庆卷)A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because答案B解析:that引导同位语从句,具体说明reason的内容。that在从句中只起连接作用,不作任何成分。why引导定语从句,在从句作作状语,表示“为什么”,句子应改为hisreasonwhyhewasabsent。where引导名词性从句或定语从句表示“在……地方”。because引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”。9.ShewaseducatedatBejingUniversity,________shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.(2006陕西卷)A..afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat答案A解析:afterwhich引导非限制性定语从句,which代替ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,作介词after的宾语,在介词后必须用which,而不用that。根据所提供的情景shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad可判断出她继续进一步深造发生在她毕业于北京大学之后,所以要用介词after。10.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,___isalwaysbusyattheweekend.(2006上海春季卷)A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which答案D解析:先行词centre,which引导非限制性定语从句。11.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse,isthere?(2005北京)A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn解析:把定语从句拆开,答案就明朗了,即:Shecanturntonooneelse(forhelp).含义为“她不能寻求其他人(得到帮助)。12.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger______itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.(2005安徽)21 A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that解析:what引导表语从句,when引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词为时间13.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(2005广东)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that解析:由介词+关系副词引导的定语从句。inwhich引导定语从句:“在这些情景中”。14.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshoptoproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.(2005湖南)A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how解析:句意:Frank的梦想是有一家可以生产自己的手工制品的商店。本题测试不定式短语的用法。inwhichtoproduce...相当于定语从句inwhich/wherehecouldproduce…。inwhich=intheshop.15.Theplace_______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe________thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(2005江苏)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich解析:第一空为介词+关系代词引导定语从句,表示桥在什么地方建;第二空为表语从句,表示地点,所以用连接词where。16.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.(2005江西)A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich解析:先行词是jobs,从句部分还原即“theyarebeingtrainedforthejobs.”betrainedfor为…而培训。17.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(2005辽宁)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that解析:本题考查的是定语从句。先行词是表示地点的ourgarden,并在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where来引导。18.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.(2005全国卷I)A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom解析:本题属于“of+关系代词+部分(指物用which;指人用whom)”引导定语从句。ofwhom在从句中表示“他们当中有些….”19.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____________hewentontoCambridge.(2005山东)A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis解析:本题考查定语从句及关系代词的选择。从句子的结构看,后面应是定语从句,而且,“他”是上完了一个localgrammarschool之后,又上的Cambridge,故选afterwhich,21 引导一个非限制性定语从句,起补充说明作用。20.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectspeoplearestillsuffering.(2005天津)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what解析:fromwhoseeffectspeople…=andpeoplearestillsufferingfromtheireffects21.________Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.(2005浙江)A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since解析:考查非限制性定语从句。用"as”表示“正如我在电话里解释的那样。22.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,____,hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents"Union.(2005重庆)A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime解析:考查定语从句。1997到2003为一阶段时间,故应提前介词during。C项关系代词"whose”应用错误,故应选择A项。23.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.(2005上海)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where解析:where引导定语从句,先行词为chair,where在从句中作地点状语where=in/onwhich。24.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm______wevisitedthreemonthsago?(2005北京春季)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what解析:that关系代词要作visited的宾语25.TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneof________isseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.(2005上海春季)A.themB.thoseC.whichD.whose解析:oneofwhich=andoneofthem26.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.(2004全国)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析:本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYear"sparty.,所以答案为C27.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.(2004广西)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich21 解析:ofwhichthesailingtime…=andthesailingtimeoftheninemonths…28.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004湖南)A.howB.whichC.whereD.that解析:句中先行词abusiness(商店)表示地点,定语从句中用关系副词where来充当状语,相当于inwhich。29.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.(2004吉林)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that解析:在她裤子擦手的地方有污迹,先行词为trousers,where关系副词引导定语从句30.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.(2004天津)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which解析:关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句,其中which指代其前面的句子31.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(2004江苏)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As解析:as引导非限制性定语从句,指后面句子的内容。32.Anyway,thatevening,___I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(2004浙江)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which解析:从句中about少宾语,且这里又需要引导非限制性定语从句。Which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在句首。33.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(2004上海)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that解析:that引导的是同位语从句作Astory的同位语34.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.(2004辽宁)A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat解析:ofwhich引导的定语从句,表示“其中的”,“其中80%的鞋销往国外”35.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.(2004湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich解析:theway作先行词,引导定语从句的关系词通常可以省略,还可用that,inwhich引导36.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.(2004上海)21 A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析:talkwithsomebody是固定搭配,再根据先行词是someone判断是用who的宾格whom37.GeorgeOrwell,_______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(2004北京)A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname解析:原句改写为GeorgeOrwell’srealnamewasEricArthurandhewrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.38.York,________lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(2003北京)A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited解析:考查非限制性定语从句。是用关系代词或者是用关系副词引导定语从句,要根据他们在定语从句中的成份来确定,visit是及物动词,后面需要用关系代词作宾语,排除C,D。that不用于非限制性定语从句中,排除A39.Icanthinkofmanycases_________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn"twriteagoodessay.(2003上海)A.whyB.whichC.asD.where解析:考查定语从句。此句的先行词是manycases,单看从句与先行词的关系应是:studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn"twriteagoodessayinmanycases.因此应用inwhich或where引导定语从句,备选答案中没有inwhich,于是选where40.Wearelivinginanage________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(2003北京春季)A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when解析:这是定语从句,先行词是age,表时间,所以用when引导41._________hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.(2003上海春季)A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What解析:as引导定语从句表示“正如……”,并非某个名词或代词是先行词,而是整个主句所表达的内容是定语从句所修饰的。译文:正如所宣布的那样,下月我们将进行期末考试42.________madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春季)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because解析:what引导主语从句,在主语从句中作主语;that引导表语从句,在表语从句中起连接作用43.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_______othervisitorsseldomgo.(2002北京)A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when21 解析:这是一个定语从句,先行词是places,表示地点,非限定性定语从句中缺少状语,因此用where来引导定语从句,故要填where。译文:我们被带领着参观了这座城市:学校、博物馆和其他一些游人很少去的地方44.There"safeelinginme_______we"llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析:同位语从句thatwe"llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever作afeeling的同位语,解释afeeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时,只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文:我有一个这样的感觉,我们不会知道什么是UFO——永远不会45.Perseveranceisakindofquality—andthat"s_______ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why解析:这是一个表语从句,what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成“Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。译文:坚定不移是一种品质——坚定不移使人们做好任何事情46.Thefamousscientistgrewup______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.(2002上海春季)A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever解析:where引导的是地点状语从句。译文:这位著名的科学家在他的出生地长大,1930年他来到上海。因为在从句中有表示时间的介词短语in1930,所以可以排除when和whenever;wherever引导让步状语,意思是“无论在哪里”,与句意不符47.Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(2002上海春季)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained解析:thereason后接定语从句。因为先行词thereason作explained的宾语,用that或which引导定语从句在从句中作宾语时省略。译文:这就是他在会议上对他为什么在工作上粗心大意的理由所作的解释吗?48.________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho"sascapableasJohn.(2001上海)A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch解析:这是一个让步状语从句。as在引导让步状语从句时,要把形容词或名词放在它的前面。如果是名词,一般不加冠词。如:Childasheis,hehaslearnedtwothousandnewwords.Assoonas“只要……”引导条件状语从句;Nowthat“既然”引导原因状语从句;As“因为”引导原因状语从句。译文:虽然我走过了那么多地方,我从来没有见过像约翰这样有能力的人49.He"sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(2001上海)A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why解析:这是一个定语从句。先行词是adangeroussituation。因为situation的意思是“位置”,所以要填where。译文:他已陷入飞机似乎失去控制的危险境地50.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_________,ofcourse,madetheothers21 unhappy.(2000全国)A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what解析:这是一个非限制性定语从句,which指代Dorothy夸大自己在剧中角色的作用这件事第六部分巩固练习1.Ithinkyou’regottothepoint_______achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou’llfail.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which解析:where在此处引导定语从句。2.Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich解析:that引导的定语从句又在从句中作spend的宾语。3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.inwhich解析:由四个选项知该空格应填入定语从句的引导词,此句意义为:peoplewereeatenbythetigerinthescene,所以先行词scene应该与介词in搭配。4.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that解析:关系副词where引导定语从句,修饰trousers,并在定语从句中作地点状语。全句意思为:在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹。5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis解析:这里Ithink是插入语,which引导非限制性定语从句。6.______isreportedinthenewspapertalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.It,thatB.As,tatC.That,thatD.What,as解析:Itisreportedthat…句型。全句意思为:“据报纸报道,两国之间的谈判取得了进展。”7.Therearemanypeople_________onlyon-lineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mails.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose解析:whose谁的,“有许多人,他们的上网活动只是发送和接收电子邮件。”8.EBay,AmazonandWalMartarepopularwebsites_______peoplecansellgoodstoeachother.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.whose解析:where引导的定语从句,在从句中作状语。9.Onhis10thbirthday.Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsontothesubway,_____hebelievesthathecangotothewild.A.whichB.fromwhatC.throughwhichD.that解析:through为介词提前,构成gotothewildthrough...。21 10.Ihope________thelittle_____Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.that;thatB./;bywhichC.what;whatD./;withwhich解析:句子成分分析。第一个that引导宾语从句,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰thelittle。11.Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrainsalltheyeararound.A.withwhichB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich解析:考查定语从句和省略。句中省略了theywant;inwhich引导定语从句在从句中作地点状语。12.Thiswasafilm_________Spielbergusedrealactorsinsteadoftoys.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.there解析:“在这部电影中”斯皮尔伯格用了真实的演员而不是玩具,故用inwhich引导定语从句。13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasallkepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which解析:all为先行词,关系代词用that。14.Acontainerweighsmoreafterairisputin______provesthatairhasweight.A.asB.itC.thatD.which解析:考查非限制性定语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整句话的意义。15.—CanyoutellmewherePeterlives?—Overthere.Thetwostoreyhouse,_____thereisagarden.A.nearitB.fromwhichC.infrontofitD.infrontofwhich解析:考查非限制性定语从句。infrontofwhich“在……的前面”。16.MissGreentookupthestoryatthepoint______thethiefhadjustmadeoffwiththejewels.A.whereB.whichC.asD.when解析:考查定语从句。where引导定语从句修饰先行词atthepoint。17.GarolsaidtheworkshouldbedonebyOctober,____personally,Idoubtverymuch..A.ItB.thatC.whenD.which解析:A不能引导定语从句,B不能引导非限定性定语从句,.when是副词,不能作doubt的宾语。18.Theyearbeforelast,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what解析:题意是“前年,东南亚部分地区遭遇了洪水灾害,至今人们还在受此影响”。由题中的逗号可以判定出句子的后半部分是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是floods。从句子的结构可看出,定语从句中只缺少定语,也就是说,先行词在从句中充当定语,所以引导词要用whose。19.Nowadaysteenagersliketogotofastfoodrestaurants,_______asthenamesuggests,eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what解析:where引导定语从句,又在从句中作地点状语。20.LaterIwanttoreturnhomebutcouldn’tfindacompany________Icoulduse_____Ihadlearnt.A.where;thatB.where;whatC.when;whatD.that;that解析:where引导定语从句,what引导宾语从句。“在公司里我可以用到我所学的知识”。21 21.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations________Englishisused.A.whenB.thatC.howD.where解析:where引导定语从句,在从句中作状语,相当于inwhich22.Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices,__________aretakenbythegovernment,willsucceed.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.after解析:as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如”,并在定语从句中作主语。23.Theboytheteachersconsidered_______failedinthefinalexam,surprisedthemverymuch.A.tobethebest;whichB.asthebeststudent;thatC.tohavebeenstudyingwell;itD.suchasagoodstudent;which解析:后半句为非限制性定语从句,which指代前一分句的内容considersbtobe。24.Thepresident,togetherwithhisbodyguards,_______tothenuclearstation_______therewasanaccident20minutesago.A.havecome;whichB.came;inwhichC.hascome;whereD.come;inwhich解析:含有togetherwith的介词短语只对主语起补充说明作用,对谓语动词不产生任何影响。where引导定语从句,where在从句中作状语。25.Isthereagasstationaround____________________Icangetsomepetrol?A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that解析:关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语。本句中around作定语修饰agasstation。26.Therewas_________time________Iwantedtoplaytruant.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;when解析:本题考查冠词和定语从句的用法。time作“次数”解时,后接关系代词that引导的定语从句,即:This/Itisthefirst/second...timethat+从句;time作“一段时光(时期)”解时,其前用不定冠词,其后接关系副词when引导的定语从句,构成:Therewas/isatimewhen...。故选B。全句意思为:有这么一段时间,我想逃学。27.Itwasintheveryhouse_______wasbuiltwithstones_______hespenthischildhood.A.that;thatB.that;whereC.which;thatD.which;where解析:第二空是强调句型,强调的是状语intheveryhouse。house后是定语从句,从句缺少主语,用that或which引导;由于house前有thevery修饰,故只能用that引导。28.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______I_______them.A.what;cansaveB.allwhat;cantosaveC.what;cantosaveD.everything;cansave解析:在sb.dowhatonecantodo结构中whatonecan是宾语从句,what后不可再使用关系代词;在sb.doeverything/all(that)onecantodo中,thatonecan是定语从句,该从句中只能使用关系代词that,everything/allthat等于what;在以上结构中can后省略了动词do,动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。29.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywithfarmers,________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who解析:第一个定语从句缺时间状语,因此第一空应该使用关系副词when;第二个定语从句缺主语,关系代词指代前面整句话,因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。30.Justlikeavoyageatsea,ourlifejourney,_______daysarelimited,isfullofdifficulties.21 A.thatB.whichC.itD.whose解析:whose引导非限制性定语从句,whose指代ourlifejourney,在从句中作定语修饰days。21