伟卓新教育英语语法讲义 155页

语法一主从复合句（状从、名从和定从）I.句子的种类复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。按用途分种类类型例句陈述句肯定句Weloveourmotherland.我们热爱祖国。否定句Theydon’tgotoworkonSundays.他们星期日不上班。疑问句一般疑问句Areyouaworker?你是个工人吗？Haven’tyouseenthefilm?你没看过这部电影吗？特殊疑问句Whoistheman?这人是谁？WhendoyouwatchTV?你什么时间看电视？Whataretheydoingnow?他们现在正在干什么？155 选择疑问句Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。DoeshelearnJapaneseorFrench?HelearnsFrench.他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。反意疑问句Theyaregoingtotheairport,aren’tthey?他们要去机场，是吗？Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?你没做完作业，是吗？祈使句肯定句Besuretogetthereateight.务必八点钟到那儿。否定句Don’tworry.I’llhelpyouout.别担心，我会帮助你的。感叹句what+名词Whatgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气呀!how+形容词或副词Howbraveheis!他多么勇敢呀!Howhardtheyareworking!他们工作多努力呀！how+句子Howtimeflies!时间过得多么快呀!How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+nHowniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!多好的孩子啊!按结构分155 种类类型例句简单句主+谓Theydisappeared.他们消失了。主+谓+宾Helikesswimming.他喜欢游泳。Wehelpeachother.我们互相帮助。主+谓+间宾+直接宾Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。Theysentusatelegram.他们给我们拍了电报。主+谓+宾+宾补TheynamedtheboyJack.他们给孩子起名叫杰克。Iwanteverythingreadybyeighto’clock.我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。主+系+表Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大学生。Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成为一名飞行员。并列句并列关系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but,Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。 Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。 155 转折关系but,while（而，尽管）nevertheless(然而；不过)John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。选择关系or,otherwiseorelse,either…orWemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。因果关系for,so,thus,therefore,andsoWehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）状语从句定语从句（详细请看以下内容）155 第一部分：定语从句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.注意：（1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；（2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。（3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose，as★关系副词有：when,where,why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。指代对象在从句中所做的成分人物人+物可否省略主语who/thatwhich/thatthat不可宾语who/whom/thatwhich/thatthat可表语thatthatthat可定语whose/ofwhomwhose/ofwhich不可155 ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.Thebookwhich／thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.Thisistheroomthat／whichShakespearewasbornin.注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。1．★作定语用whose=the+n+ofofwhich=ofwhichthe+n(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.注意：“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句。如：Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.门是蓝色的那间房是我的。2．★作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.3、★as在定语从句中的用法::：as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）.as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。例Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake，asanybodycansee.155 （2）as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或thesame连用，它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（3）.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：Ashadbeenexpected，theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Theearthrunsaroundthesun，asisknowntoeveryone.注意：★thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。例如：ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢的相似。（相似物）ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的那个书包。（同一物）（二）关系副词的用法：1．when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place,spot,street,155 house,room,city等，Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.3.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如：IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.2．★当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where试比较：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.3．when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。155 4．★as和which引导定语从句的区别有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象……那样”。（3）as引导的非限制性定语从句表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示消极的意义，则只用which。如：Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。(4)当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which,而不可用as。如：Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandYuan.(5)当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing形式短语等)时，一般只能用which,而不用as。如：Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.155 (6)关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时，从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式，引导词一般只用which,而不用as。如：HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.(7)关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which,而不用as。如：Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.(8)关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时，一般只用which,而不用as。如：Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.(9)as在非限制性定语从句中，还常跟such连用。如：Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情，就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。(10)as常用于一些固定结构中。如：asiswellknown/asweallknow众所周知；asissaidabove正如上面所说；asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那样；asisreported如报道所说；ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那样；asisexpected正如所料。5．在正式文体中，以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以inwhich或that引导，如：Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略inwhich或that:Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.155 四．关系词的选择1．在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。2．关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.3．★在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如：Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：155 That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?4.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等词时。如：Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.)(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。如：Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用hethat…。如：155 Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?(4)在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：AnewmasterwillcametomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwho/whomIwantedtosee.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.5.★在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。如：Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.6.当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.155 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。7.当先行词前有such,so,as时，关系词应当用as。如：Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.注意的问题1、theonlyoneof+n+定语从句（用单数谓语动词）oneof+the+n+定语从句（用复数动词）2、such……as引导定语从句与such……that引导结果状语从句ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.3、当situation,condition,stage,point，scenes做先行词时，用where引导定语从句4、when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。5、where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.(从句：)Pleasemakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestion.(从句：)155 5、theway做先行词时，关系词的选择应根据theway在定语从句中所做的成分来决定Idon’tliketheway_______heistreatedTheway___________youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemisveryusefulPleasefindaway_________isthekeytosolvingtheproblem6、thereason做先行词时，关系词的选择应根据thereason在定语从句中所做的成分来决定Thereason_____IwaslatewasthatIwascaughtinatrafficjamIdon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveforhisbeinglate8、介词+which引导的定语从句中介词的选择：9.在下列情况下，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。(1)定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如：Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。(3)定语从句的主语是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代词时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.155 (4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如：Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.10、表示部分与整体ofwhich/whom在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few,several,some,half,many,much,most,all,none,either,neither,aquarter,anumber,thelarger,thesmallest,themajority等。Ourschoolhas80teachers,50ofwhom(=ofwhom50)arewomen.Hehaslotsofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishones.注意这里的ofwhich不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的ofwhich不同：Theroomthedoorofwhich(=whosedoor)isbluebelongstome.11、注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作状语)比较：Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作状语)比较：I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物动词spent的宾语)(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作状语，用关系副词)比较：Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.(作gave的宾语，用关系代词)155 12、关系词的选择方法(1)一看先行词的意义即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因，如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。(2)二看关系词的句法功能即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等，如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when,where,why。注意，不要一看到先行词为表时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用when,where,why来引导定语从句，要注意分清它们在定语从句充当什么成分。如Iforgetthetimewhenhewillcome.(when引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作状语)Iforgetthetimethathetoldme.我忘记了他告诉我的时间。(that引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作宾语)Thereasonwhyhecan’tcomeisthatheisill.他不能来的原因是他病了。(why引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作状语)Thereasonthathetoldmeisnottrue.他告诉我的原因不真实。(that引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作宾语)(3)三看定语从句的种类即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。注意，不要一看到逗号就认为是非限制性定语从句。如：Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher,_______willcauserealtrouble.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what155 此题答案是A，不是B。尽管空格前有逗号，但这并不是非限制性定语从句，所以不能填which。正确的理解是：Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher是一个条件状语从句，逗号后的句子是主句，空格处填that用作主句主语12、关系代词做定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式与先行词一致。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman第二部分状语从句状语从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。1.时间状语从句由下列连词引导：when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,assoonas,nowthat,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly,instantly,immediately,bythetime，themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等重点内容如下：①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句▲as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几乎同时)155 ▲when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)Whenwearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后发生)▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时，两者可以互换。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)②before状语从句的重点句型▲……之后……才：ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep.▲不多久……就：Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair.▲不等……就：BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.▲刚……就：Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheardthetelephonering.▲先……再：Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision.③since引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时），则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不在生病了）155 ▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.我病了，他一直未来看我。▲Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）▲Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我们附近以来，我对他很了解。▲It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。（不在服役了）▲It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=It"sthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.我入伍已三年了。④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的，则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的，则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首，只有until从句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首时主句要倒装。2.原因状语从句由下列连词引导：as（由于）,because(因为),since（既然）,now(that)(既然),consideringthat（顾及到）,seeingthat（由于）。IdoitbecauseIlikeit.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与so连用)Hecouldn’thaveseenme,becauseIwasnotthere.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会Nowthat/Sinceyouareallhere,let’stryandreachadecision.既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧155 Asshewasill,shedidn’tcometotheparty.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。重点内容如下：①because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only,just以及否定词not连用。但不可以与so连用。如Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.另外注意与not连用时否定的转移。Hedidn’tdosuchathingbecausehewasafraidofhiswife.他并不是因为怕他的妻子才做这样的事。Cf:Hedidn’tdosuchathing,becausehewasafraidofhiswife.因为怕妻子，他没有做这样的事。because引导的从句可以被强调：ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL②as语气较弱，since语气也较弱，但比as正式一些,所说明的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，多用于口语中，所以不应该强调。常置于句首。Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodthere.Sinceyouaregoing,I’llgo,too.③for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它引导的是并列句，不是原因状语从句。Thedaywasshort,foritwasDecember.3.地点状语从句由下列连词引导:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。155 Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)4.结果状语从句由下列连词引导：that，so…that，sothat（从句中不带情态动词），such…that，withtheresultthat等。注意以下几种结构：①so+adj/adv+that…②such(a/an+adj)+n+that…③so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that…④somany/much/few/little(少)+n+that…注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthat/aseveryonewantstoseeit/(it).Hedidn’tplanhistimewellsothat/sohedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.155 这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch=JennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuchJenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’taffordalittlepresent.我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起5.目的状语从句由下列连词引导：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should连用目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should连用。（sothat也可用来引导结果状语从句，但从句中不带情态动词）Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.155 他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。注意：sothat引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后，inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。6.条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）,unless（除非）,incase（万一）,so/aslongas（只要）,as/sofaras（就……而言）,onconditionthat（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow.如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。He’llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow/ifthesalaryisnottoolow.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。Suppose/Supposingwecan’tgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo?155 假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？7.让步状语从句由下列连词引导：although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+疑问词等。Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif(=eventhough)wefailtentimes.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。Itwasanexcitinggame,though/althoughnogoalswerescored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.不管你信不信，这是真的。However(=Nomatterhow)expensiveitmaybe,I’lltakeit.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。Don’tletthemin,whoever(=nomatterwho)theyare.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。注意以下几点：①although,though引导让步状语从句时，主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。Herefuseshelpalthoughhehasmanyfriendswhowanttoofferallkindsofhelp.②as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.（注意在child前不要用冠词）155 MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.8.方式状语从句由下列连词引导：as,asif,asthough,theway等。Doitthewayyouweretold.注意以下几点：①as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加强语势。Ididitjustasyoutoldme.②asif和asthough引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。③连词while和whereas可表示对比。Whereasheisratherlazy,sheisquiteenergetic.9.比较状语从句由下列连词引导：as…as,notas…as,notso…as,than等(详情请参见【专题三】形容词和副词)。10.注意状语从句中的省略现象①连接词+过去分词Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.②连词+现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.③连词+形容词/其他常见的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。④比较状语从句中的省略句。如：Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthan(hehadbeen)expected.155 第三部分名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类：①that（不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略。）whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）②what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which③when,where,how,whyWhocleanedtheblackboardisnotknownyet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话Thathe’llcometoseeusisreallygreat.他来看我们真是太好啦。Idon’tknowwhyheisabsent.我不知道为什么他不在。Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。1.主语从句155 ①由从属连词引导的主语从句：Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss.那个国家是否应该建立核电站……Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.光以直线传播②由连接代词引导的主语从句：Whatweneedismoretime.我们所需要的是……Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.无论你选哪本书……Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.无论谁来……③由连接副词引导的主语从句：Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.飞机什么时候起飞……Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他到过哪儿……Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……④关于形式主语it▲It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……Itislikelythat….很可能▲It+be+-ed分词+that-从句155 Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……（注意该句型的变式：Itisknowntoallthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.=Asisknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.=Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.）Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……▲It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……可应用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question/pity等。▲It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.2.表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等等。Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthegame…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛That’sjustwhatIwant.……我想要的155 Thisiswhereourproblemlies.……我们的问题所在Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人……注意：①表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as,asif，asthough引导Thingswerenotastheyseemed.Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.好象要下雨了。②另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：Thereasonwhy…isthat…(而不用because)It(This,That)isbecause…Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.3.同位语从句同位语从句一般由that,whether等连词引导，常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.登陆月球…….Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.……什么时候回来ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill……Mary也许病了155 Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.……是否同意4.宾语从句宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。①及物动词后的宾语从句：Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport……任何需要帮助的人……Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请②介词后的宾语从句：IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.老师对他所说的话很满意。③某些形容词后的宾语从句：IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork.……通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous…….他没有告别就走了④非谓语动词后的宾语从句：Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing.OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.155 ⑤关于形式宾语itWemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。5.名词性从句重难点①在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：▲Canyoumakesure____thegoldring？A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput▲Youcan"timagine__whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited②动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?Idon"tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.HedoubtwhetherIknowit.③否定转移问题。▲将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移Idon"tthinkIknowyou.　我想我并不认识你。　Idon"tbelievehewillcome.　我相信他不回来。155 Wedon"texpecthewillcometonight,willhe?注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。　Ihopeyouweren"till.我想你没有生病吧。▲将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移　Itdoesn"tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。　Itdoesn"tappearthatwe"llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。④主谓一致问题。Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld．WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks．⑤语气问题▲在含有suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,insist,desire,require,advise等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should+动词原形”的结构Isuggestwe(should)setoffatonce.我建议我们应该立刻出发。▲在Itis＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadythisevening．▲在表语从句或同位语从句中Thesuggestionthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone．155 ▲在Itis（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should＋）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage．（上海1993）A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster⑥What引导名词从句的特殊含义:▲Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality．(what为“所……的事”，相当于“thethingthat…；allthat…；everythingthat…”)▲After________seemedaverylongtime，Iopenedmyeyeandfoundmyselfinbed．（MET"93）A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which(what相当于“thetimethat”，表示“……时间”)▲Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow？(what表示“……的人”，相当于“thepersonthat…”)▲WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld．(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“theplacethat…”)▲Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“theamount／numberthat…”)⑦不可省略的连词：▲介词后的连词不可省略155 BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.下楼之前，我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。▲引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。▲宾语从句有多个that引导时，从第二个及其后面的that不能省略Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．⑧比较：whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：▲whether引导主语从句在句首Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.她是否来与我无关。▲引导表语从句Hisfirstquestionwaswhethershehadarrivedyet.他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。▲引导同位语从句Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.回答我你是否来的问题。▲whether从句作介词宾语IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。▲与ornot连在一起Idon’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoJapan.我不知道他是否去日本。大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。例如：Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.谁去，这不重要。155 Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。易混点辨析.：定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别类别区别例句定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof_____isadancer．从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词them。定语从句与状语从句定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为theplace）Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）When,where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把书放回原处。（状语从句）定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）定语从句与Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.155 同位语从句定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）此句中的同位语从句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改写成表语从句：Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）Thenewsthathetoldus是定语从句，此句不能改写为：Thenewsisthathetold us.定语从句与强调句强调句的结构为“Itis／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks．从结构上看：①小题是强调句，故填that。②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知thefactory前差个介词in，故填where。基础部分练习1.______isknowntousallisthatShenzhouVIIhaslaunchedforthefirstspacewalksuccessfully.A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.As2.BarackObamadeliveredaspeechto500localyouthsduringhisvisittoChina,manyof_______werefromFudanUniversityandTongjiUniversity.A.themB.whomC.whichD.those3.Mostofusstillwonder_______itis_______makesthosehonestpeasantworkers,withoutbeingpaidatall,resignthemselvestothebosses.A.what;thatB./;whatC.that;whatD./;that155 4.—Joinusinthepartytonight,wouldyou?—Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t,______I______thecontentofsomereportswithmyboss.A.for;havediscussedB.because;willbediscussingC.before;discussedD.when;willhavediscussed5.—I’mgoingtoNewYorkforfurtherstudiesnextterm.—Congratulations!________you’rethere,canyoukeepmee-mailed?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If6.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectsonthedailylivesofpeopleintheUnitedStates________HenryFord________.A.as;wasB.than;wasC.than;didD.as;did7.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostofwiththeireyesonandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks.A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing8.Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan’tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations________appearintheworkingworld.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what9.Facedwithchallenges,youshouldbelieveyourcourageis__________makesadifference.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whatever10.—Doyouhaveanyideaofrugby?155 —Abosolutely.Itisasport______playersholdtheballandrunwithit.A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where11.Whatwasit_________causedthemodemnationstochangetheirmind_________theyshouldhelptopreservetheRoma’shistory?A./;whyB.that;thatC.that;/D.what;that12.WewenttotheLincolnMemorialyesterday,,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when13.Itwastheveryplace_________thesoldiersfoughtoversixtyyearsago.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there14.Hardly______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.A.theyhadgottothebusstopB.theygottothebusstopC.didtheygettothebusstopD.hadtheygottothebusstop15.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced______tractorsin1998astheyearbefore.A.asmanytwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyD.twiceasmanyas16.YoucanflytoUKthismorning_____youdon’tmindchangingplanesinHongKong.A.becauseB.providedC.unlessD.sofaras17.It’sthesameinChina---manypeople,_____somearenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondiets155 ortakingweight-losspills,______areoftendangerous.A.whose;whichB.ofwhich;whoC.ofwhom;whichD.who;that18.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround?A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which19.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround?A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which20._____occurredtomethatthemurderhappened____arainyday.A.What;inB.What;onC.It;inD.It;on21.Theoldmanhasasonandtwodaughters,______treatinghimwell,______makeshimsad.A.noneofthem;whichB.andnoneofwhom;thatC.noneofwhom;whichD.andnoneofthem;that22.Manyexpertsholdtheview____teachers’developmentis_____thekeytobettereducationlies.A.which;whereB.which;whatC.that;whereD.that;which23.WasitinDisneyland,______manycartooncharacterscanbeseen,______thefilmwasset?155 A.that;whereB.that;whenC.inwhich;whereD.where;that24.theworldeconomyisindifficulty,wecansee,thepeopleofChinaarefullofhope.A.As；/B.Because；whichC.Though；asD.With；/25.Thereason______beinglateforthemeetingwas______hislittlesonfellillthismorning.A.for,thatB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.why,because26._______shehadtimetorealizewhatwashappening,shewashitonthehead.A.SinceB.BeforeC.WhenD.Until27.Whatimpressesmemostis______heappearsinfrontofothers,hewearsasincereandcharmingsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatwhereD.thatwhenever28.______IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages.A.BythetimeB.UntilC.AfterD.Unless29Inthepastfewyears,“MyHeartWillGoOn”wasapopularsongamongyoungpeople,__________wereoftenheardsingingitatparties.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.that30.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.高.A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what过放保护发给155 拓展练习31.Facedwithtroubleordifficulty，apersontakeshelpthatisavailable.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however32.____youhaveexpressedyourdetermination,youshouldactimmediately.A.NowthatB.EventhoughC.InorderthatD.Until33.You’dbettergivethetaskto_______youthinkcanfinishitaheadoftime.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.nomatterwho34.—It’salongtime__________Isawyoulast.—Yes,andwhatapityitisthatitwillbeanotheryear_______weseeeachotheragain.A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before35.Japanesescientistssaid“Ourdreamistocreate（clone）amammoth（猛犸），itisabigdream.”A.sinceB.becauseC.thoughD.however36.Thediseaseoutbreakhadinfected65peoplebylastMonday,19havedied.A.withwhichB.ofwhomC.forwhomD.inwhich37._________asmallnumberofAustraliansarebittenbyspiderseachyear,mostrecoverwithoutanymedicaltreatment.155 A.WhileB.UnlessC.WhenD.Because38.—WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty?—No._____invited,Ican’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.A.IfB.UnlessC.EvenifD.When39.annoyedhimmostwasthathehadreceivednoapology.A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.Which40.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbeallrightthissummer?—No,_______we’relucky.Thenewspapersaysit’llbeveryhotanyway.A.unlessB.ifC.thoughD.as41.—WhenshallJanetreturntowork?—_________shehastotallyrecovered.A.IfB.SinceC.WhenD.Until42.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimes________hecouldavoidmakingthesamemistake.A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.as43.Idon"tsayIamagainsttheirplan.Butthetroubleis___theydodoesn"tagreewithwhattheysay.高.考.资.源.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.ifwhatD.whatif44.Itwasshortlyafterthatseriousaccidenthappened______allthepeopleinvolvedwerecaughtandquestioned.A.sinceB.thatC.beforeD.when45.Lucywashavingaholidaywithherfriendinanationalpark____shewasbittenonthefootbyasnake.A.whileB.sinceC.onceD.when155 46.____you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When47.Thegameisnotverydifficultyouunderstandtheroles.A.untilB.thoughC.onceD.unless48.Theconferenceaimstodevelopbusinessandletpeoplethinkabout______theycanhaveapositiveinfluenceontheplanet.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how49.Honestyisakindofqualityandthat’sittakesommunicatewithotherssuccessfully.A.whatB.whyC.howD.which50.Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper．A.what；whatB.that；thatC.what；thatD.that；what51.Sheshowedmethedictionary___shepaidalotofmoney.A.bywhichB.towhichC.forwhichD.onwhich52.AbrahamLincolnisaman___Ihavethegreatestrespect.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.forwhom53.Edisonhadonesuit___verylittlemoney,andwhichheworeuntilitwasthin.A.whichcostB.whichcostsC.whichwascostD.whichhascosted54.Thepeople___inthepaperdidnotlikeit,butotherreaderlikeditverymuch.A.whowaswrittenB.whowerewrittenC.whowerewrittenaboutD.whomwerewrittenabout55.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that155 56.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone___familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose57.MayorwillmakeaninspectionofourschoolonMonday,___youcantellhimhowhardthesituationwearein.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that58.I’llshowyouthemagazine___Iboughttheotherday.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where59.Theperson___talkingtotheshopassistantisanengineer.A.whoisB.whatisC.whomisD.whoyouare60.Thatistheoffice___Lincolnonceworkedin.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich【参考答案】1-5BBABB6-10CBCBD11-15BBCDC16-20BCDDD21-25ACDCA26-30BDBAA31-35AAACC36-40BACCA41-45CABBD46-50ACDAB51—55CDACD56—60DCBAB155 语法二高考英语非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能名称形式特点功能不定式Todo具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的一些特征在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，有形式变化动名词Doing（v+ing）具有名词、形容词、动词的一些特征在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语，有形式变化分词Doing（v+ing）Done（v+ed具有形容词、副词的一些特征在句中可做表语、定语、状语、补足语，现在分词有形式变化不定式I．不定式的时态及语态一般式todotobedone与谓语动作同时或进行式tobedoing表示谓语的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone先于谓语动作的发生155 II.不定式的否定结构:nottodo//forsbnottodoIII.不定式的句法功能1.主语Toseeistobelieve.Itisnoteasytolearnalanguagewell.(不定式作主语时往往用it做形式主语)动词不定式做主语的常用句型Itis+adj/n+todosthItis+adj+of/forsbtodosthIttakessbsometimetodoKind,clever,wise,nice形容词既表示人物特征，Foolish,stupid,honest,又表示说话人对不定式Right,correct,wrong,+ofsb动作的评价；形容词与Rude,cruel,careless,介词宾语成主谓关系Lazy,selfish,horrible如：It’skindofyoutohelpme。=Youarekindtohelpme。Easy,hard,difficultPossible,necessary,形容词说明不定式行为的Important,essential,+forsb性质,与介词宾语不具有Interesting,unusual,………..主谓关系Interesting,natural如:It’seasyformetolearnEnglish.=TolearnEnglishiseasyforme.155 2..表语Myjobistoattendthechildren.(不定式作表语时,如在它前出现了do,did,does时,不定式符号to可省掉,例:whatyouhavetodothisafternoonis(to)lookafterthesickchild.)3.定语Ihavealotofworktodo.//Shehasnoplacetogo.4.宾语IhopetogotoDalianagain.Ifinditinterestingtoplaytheviolin.(不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到后面)5.宾补Theteachertoldustocleanthewindows.Inoticedtheboygointotheshop.注:feel,listento,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,make,let,have等使役动词后宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略,但这些句子变为被动语态时,就必须带to符号.例:Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.Heisoftenheardtosingthissong.6.状语表示目的:Igotupearlyto(inorderto/soasto)catchtheearlybus.To/Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.(soasto不能用于句首)表示原因:Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.155 Iamsorrytohavehurtyou.表示结果:IhurriedhometofindMarywaitingforme.(不定式作结果状语时,常表示未预料之中的事,可在不定式前加only)表示条件:Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.修饰全句(独立成分)Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.不定式做状语的常用句型类别句型原因Behappy/glad/pleased/delighted/sorry….+todoSheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.Helookedhappytohearthenews.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.目的InordertodoSoastodoGo/comeanddosthI’vewrittenitdowninordernottoforget.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Ifheshouldreturn,comeandfindme结果Soastodo…Such…astodo…EnoughtodoToo…todoWouldyoubesokindastolandmeyourbike?I’mnotsuchafoolishman/sofoolishmanastodothat.Herillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.155 Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.Itwastoolatefortheretobeanytaxis.注:1)too+pleased/kind/willing/glad/eager/anxious…+todo的结构即不表示结果,也无否定含义.Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome(=Ishallbeverypleasedtogethome,)It’stookindofyoutohavetoldmethat(=Youareverykindtohavetoldmethat.)使用不定式时要注意以下几点:1.在作tell,show,understand,explain,teach,advise,discuss等词的宾语时,前面常带疑问词(how,when,where,what,who…)2.不定式在介词but后面时,如but前有do的各种形式,那么but后的to要省略,否则就要带to.另外在cannotbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut后面的to也省略.WecoulddonothingbutwaitWehadnothingtodobutwait.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.3.作定语的不定式是不及物动词时,不定式后须有相应的介词,但如果所修饰的名词是time,place,way时,不定式后的介词习惯上省略.Wehavetofindaroomtolivein.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.Wefoundawaytosolvetheproblems.4.somethingiseasytodo类似句型中不定式不用被动形式.Thereissomethingtodo/Thereissomethingtobedone0155 5.what,when.Where,how.who…+todo可在句中做主语宾语表语.动名词I.形式:V+ing一般式doingbeingdone与谓语动作同时发生完成式Havingdonehavingbeendone在谓语动作之前否定结构Notdoing/nothavingdoneII.动名词的句法功能1.主语:(表示一般或抽象的多次性动作)Smokingisabadhabit.Itisnousearguingwithhim.2.表语(说明主语的具体内容)Herjobisbuildinghouses.3.宾语Heisfondofplayingfootball.//Wouldyoumindmyclosingthedoor?4.定语(说明被修饰词的用途)readingmaterials,swimmingpool,waitingroom5.同位语Hisjob,buildingahouse,isalmostdone.使用动名词时要注意的几点1.下列句型常用动名词nouse/goodItis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingoflittle/gooduseless155 2.下列动词或动词词组后用动名词allow,advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,consider,delay,dislike,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,fancy,,favour,imagine,keep,mind,miss,postphone,practise,risk,suggest,beusedto,can’thelp,giveup,goon,giveone’slifeto,feellike,keepon,insiston,objectto,turnto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,devoteto,getdownto3.既可后跟不定式,又可跟动名词做宾语的动词do记住去做rememberdoing记得做过todo忘了去做forgetdoing忘了做过todo对尚未做的事感到遗憾regretdoing//tohavedone对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔todo打算去做meandoing意味着todo努力做trydoing试着做155 todo学会learndoing学做doing泛指love/like/hate/prefertodo特指具体的动作todo停下来开始去做某事stopdoing停止正在做的事(to)do不能帮助做can’thelpdoing情不自禁的做todo接着做goondoing继续不断地做,继续做同一件事tobedoneneed/require/want/deserve结构不同,意思一样doingsth4.start/begindoing/todo基本可互换但下列情况用不定式1)主语指物时2)后面跟表示感情思想和意念的动词时3)begin/start本身是进行时态时155 Itstartedtorain.Sheisbeginningtocookdinner.Shebegantorealizehismistakes.5.动名词的复合结构my,your,our…me,you,us…..+doingmyfather,tom….Myfather’s,Tom’s动名词的复合结构作主语时,动名词的复合结构只能用one’s+doingWouldyoumindme/my/LIMing/LiMing’sopeningthewindow?Mary’scryingmadehermotherangry.Hislosingthegamemadeusverydisappointed.分词分词分现在分词和过去分词其否定结构为not+分词,分词在句中意义同形容词和副词,可以承担形容词和副词在句中所承担的句子成分.I.分词的时态和语态一般式doingbeingdone现在分词分词完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done2.分词的句法功能155 1)定语(单个分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面,分词短语作定语时放在所修饰词的后面)Thisisanamusingstory.Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.Theboystandingatthedoorismycousin.Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.2)表语Thenewswasinspiring.Theglassisbroken.Wewereexcitedatthenews.3)宾补Iheardagirlcryingnextdoor.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Ifoundmykeylost.4)状语Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.原因Whilecrossingthestreet,becareful.时间Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.(条件)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.让步Theteacherenteredthelab,followedbythestudents.伴随状语Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.时间(分词作状语表示结果时常表示意料中的事)155 注:分词作状语可表示时间,原因,结果,行为方式伴随状语等,分词作状语时前后主语必须一致,如以上各句.如前后主语不一致必须用独立主格结构即:名词或代词+分词(doing/done)/不定式/介词/短语/形容词/副词Weatherpermitting,we’llgosightseeing.条件ItbeingSunday,wewentclimbing.原因Workfinished,theboywentouttoplay.时间Helayonhisback,hiseyeslookingupathesky.伴随Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Ican’tgotothecinematonight.原因Schoolover,Wewenthome.时间Hecame,hishandsredwithcold.伴随另外with的复合结构也是一种独立主格结构.非谓语动词间的比较1.非谓语动词在句子中的作用作用类别主语宾语表语定语补语状语相当词性Vt.prep时间原因条件伴随目的结果不定式√√√√√√√√n./a./adv.动名词√√√√√N分词√√√√√√√√A/adv2.不定式、动名词作主语的区别动作特点时间概念155 不定式具体的，特定的行为，强调动作多表示将来或已完成动名词抽象的，一般性的行为，强调事情本身多无时间性3.非谓语动词做主语表语的区别一般可以互换,但如详细地加以区分的话,动名词表示普遍的习惯性的或抽象的动作,不定式则表示某一次具体的动作.Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketooswimthisafternoon.Herjobisgivingpianolessonstochildren,butthisSundayherjobistoteachthechildrenhowtodance.注:现在分词表示”令人…”多修饰物,过去分词表示”感到…”,多修饰人.Wewereinterestedinaninterestingstory.4.非谓语动词做定语的区别和中心词的位置关系与中心词的逻辑关系时间概念不定式总是位于其后多动宾关系多表示将来动名词多位于其前表示其性能,作用无时间(常发生)现在分词单个分词在前分词短语在后多主谓关系(主动)表示正在进行过去分词有动宾关系(被动)表已完成155 只表示完成(主动)注:现在分词的被动式(beingdone)做定语时现在不定式的被动式(tobedone)表示的被动将来及物动词的过去分词(done动作发生在过去beingusedinourschoolnow.Thisisthebooktobeusedinourschoolnextyear.usedinourschoollastyear5.不定式,分词做宾语补语时的区别现在分词表示动作正在进行,不定式表示动作的整个过程或动作的反复多次.注:感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat和使动词make,lethave后跟不带to的不定式作宾语,get例外.Iheardhimsinginginthenextroomjustnow.Isawhimenterthedoor.(Hewasseentoenterthedoor)另外.have/getsthdone可表示有意或意外.＄Whendidyouhave/getyourlegbroken?Whendidyouhave/getyourhaircut?6.分词和不定式做结果状语的区别doingsth(表示逻辑上的结果)(only)+todosth(表示非逻辑上的结果)Itpassesrightthroughtheirbodies,onlygettingalittlethickerandsweeter.Heraisedhimselfcompletely,obligingmetorisetoo.155 Hesmokesagreatdeal,onlymakinghishealthworse.Iwaslateforclassagain,makinghimmoreangry.Hewokeup,onlytofindhiswalletgone.Hecamehere,onlytoknowthatshehadbeentired.Hefinallyarrived,onlytogetthenewsthathisoldfriendhadalreadypassedaway.Hewaslateagain,onlytofindanotherfellowhadtakenhisplace.7.非谓语动词的复合结构1)不定式:forsbtodo2)动名词:形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+doingsth3)分词:分词做状语,它的逻辑主语往往是句子的主语,如果不是,就的带上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构,此结构有时也可有with引导.Nightfalling,wehurriedhome.Thequestionhavingbeensettled,theywenthome.Itbeingverycold,hemadeafire.Withwintercoming,it’stimetobuywarmclothes.8.不定式与疑问代词或疑问副词连用,作主语,宾语,表语Whentostarttheworkhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Pleasetellmewhattodonext.Theproblemiswheretofindadoctoratonce.分词作状语可直接与连词if,though,eventhough,unless,until,when,while,as,asif,once,that等连用.Hewillnotcomeunlessinvited.155 Whilestudying,trynottostopatthesurfaceoffacts.基础训练1.----Canyourideahorse?----No,Ineverhadthechance____.A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow2.Paulsaid,"Givemeachair_____."A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice4.----Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?----Yes,I"llbeverysorry______.A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving5.----I"llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.----Good.I"dlike_____metomorrow.A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp6.----Ididn"thearyoucomeinlastnight.----That"sgood.Wetried_____noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplaceC.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace8.----Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?----______newofficers.A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting9.----Wheredidhego?----Hewenttoanotherstore______.A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils10.----Mybabyhasahearttrouble.----Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat11.----Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?----Yes,and______.A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficultC.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn"teatD.tonot155 haveeaten13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.A.goB.togoC.going.D.went14.Thatboxis____.A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryitC.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?A.sokindas.B.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpracticeC.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving20.Nobodylikes______.A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen22.Iwassurprised______.A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquicklyC.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering24.IsawMary____thehouse.A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointoC.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait27.Idon"tknowherandIdon"t______.A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.to155 want28.----Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?----Ishouldlike______,butIdon"thavetime.A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeinglovedC.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved非谓语动词强化训练1．Dozensofmoviesareknowninthissmalltown，whichhasbeenturnedintoatouristattraction．A．beingmadeB．havingbeenmadeC．tobemadeD．tohavebeenmade2.tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed3.Thewaymyfatherthoughtofenoughmoneywastosellthehorseandthehouse.A.gettingB.togetC.gotD.togetting4.theyard,Ifounditwithlotsofleaves.A.Entering;covering;fallingB.Entering;covered;fallenC.Entering;covering;fallenD.Havingentered;covered;falling5.Thebookissaidintomanylanguages.A.totranslateB.tohavebeentranslatedC.translatingD.tohavetranslated6.Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlythetrainhemeanthadgoneaway.A.found;tocatchB.finding;catchingC.tofind;tocatchD.andfound;catching7．--I’dliketolearnmoreabouttheDohaAsianGames.--BettertrytheCCTVwebsite,andyouarelikelytheinformationinnotime.A．tovisit;togetB．tovisit;gettingC．visiting;togetD．visiting;getting8．TheChinesegovernment,inspecificeffortstopreventandcontrolHIV/AIDS,hasincreasedHIVtestingandmonitoringamongthegeneralpublic.A．involvingB．involvedC．havinginvolvedD．tobeinvolved9.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_______.A.tiredB.tiringC.beingtiredD.havingbeentired155 10.Don"tbediscouraged._____thingsastheyareandyouwillenjoyeverydayofyourlife.A.TakingB.TotakeC.TakeD.Taken11.ItisfairlycommoninAfricaforthere___________agroupofexpertmusicianssurroundedbyotherswhoalsojoinintheperformances.A.beingB.tobeC.beD.is12._____inthecollapsedminefor7days,theworkersweresaved.A.TohavebeentrappedB.TobetrappedC.HavingbeentrappedD.Beingtrapped13.Atelevisionprogramme______“Kim’llfixit”invitesviewerstosaywhattheyreallywanttodo.A.beingcalledB.havingbeencalledC.callingD.called14．Atthe15thAsianGames.Chinawon165goldmedals,firstofallthecompetingcountries.A．rankedB．rankingC．torankD．rank15．GuangzhouKaraokebusinessesarereporteda12-yuanroyaltyfee(版权税)foreachkaraokeroom,achargesetbytheChinaAudioandVideoAssociation.A．torefuseB．tohaverefusedC．refusingD．havingrefused16．Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,after11pm.A．fromstayingoutB．tostayoutC．stayingoutD．stayout17.MrSmith,bossofacarcompany,usedtogothereandwatchbicycles__________.A.torepairB.repairingC.beingrepairedD.repaired18.ThetransportationwillimprovealotinNantong,withanothertwobridges________overtheChangjiangRiverinthenearfuture.A.tobeconstructedB.toconstructC.beingconstructedD.constructing19.Thenewshelookedforwardto.A.cameatlastestB.comingattheleastC.comingatthelastsD.camerecently20.sightofhisformerneighbour,hestoppedwithhim.A.Catching;toshakehandsB.Catching;toshakehandC.Havingcaught;shakinghandsD.Beingcaught;shakinghand21.Thelargestcollection,______inEngland,wasoneofabout200000silverpennies.A.tobefoundB.hasfoundC.beingfoundD.everfound22.Finallytheymanagedtofindapath_______.A.tofollowB.followingC.togoD.going23.________himselfwithgreatstrength,heraisedhimself.A.FilledB.TofillC.BeingfilledD.Filling24.Ifoundanoldpot_____intheground.A.buried     B.beingburied   C.burying   D.tobeburied25.Theanswer______theteacher,sheaskedthelittleboytotryasecondtime.A.disappointed        B.disappointing155 C.beingdisappointed   D.havingbeendisappointed26._____twoyearsto________afterthesickwoman,shebadlyneededaholiday.A.Devotingherself;look     B.Devoted;lookingC.Devoting;looking      D.Devoted;looked27.Johndidquitewellinhisexams,________howlittlehestudied.A.considerB.consideringC.consideredD.toconsider28._______therightdecisions________thefutureisprobablythemostimportantthingwe"lleverdoinourlives.A.Making;concernedB.Make;concerningC.Tomake;concernedD.Making;concerning29.________waswhathehadneverexpectedandwasjusttooupsettingtohim.A.CheatedagainandagainB.HavingbeencheatedagainandagainC.HavingcheatedagainD.Beingcheatingagainandagain30.Thenewengine____________rightnowwillbeusedtobefixedinthenewtypeofairplanesoon.A.tobeexperimentedonB.beingexperimentedonC.havingbeenexperimentedonD.experimentedon答案：非谓语动词基础训练1~5DDACC6~10BCCAD11~15CABAA16~20BBAAB21~25ADBAA155 26~30DBAAC非谓语动词强化训练1-5DCBBB6-10CCBAC11-15BCDBB16-20BCADA21-25DADAB26-30CBDBB语法三动词时态一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时过去将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时现在完成进行时知识要求：1、掌握十种时态的基本用法，能够在具体语境中恰当使用动词的时态进行交流。2、掌握固定句型中时态的运用，能够区别易混淆的时态的用法。3、时态的考查以一般体，进行体和完成体为主。重点考查的时态有一般过去时（如2009江苏，22）现在完成时（2009江苏，21）和现在完成进行时（2010江苏，23），现在进行时（2009江苏，25）过去进行时（2010课标全国，21）及过去完成时（2010江苏，30）。2011江苏高考考察了现在进行时（21），一般现在时(22),及将来进行时（23）。重点与难点：各种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般。过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性；易混淆时态用法。一、一般体（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时）(一)、一般现在时的用法155 1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every...，sometimes,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.我每天早上七点离家去学校。2.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.现在我往杯子里放糖。Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我在做作业。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Nowwatchme，Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时3.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或格言或警句中Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球围着太阳转。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国的东方。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此种用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥伦布证明地球是圆的。4在条件状语从句中（if,unless,evenif引导），时间状语从句中（when,before,until等引导）和让步状语从句中（nomatterwho/what/where等引导）中表“将来”概念，主句为将来时或祈使句，从句为一般现在时（主将从现）。IwillgowithyouthemomentIfinishmyhomework.（二）、一般过去时的用法155 1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday，lastweek，anhourago，theotherday，in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你去哪儿了？2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild，Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我小的时候，经常在街上踢足球。3.句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth.“到……时间了”“该……了”Itistimesb.didsth.“时间已迟了”“早该……了”Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”4.wish，wonder，think，hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.她已不在人间。Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.她现在还活着。Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去。155 注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1)动词want，hope，wonder，think，intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?您还要点别的吗？2)情态动词could，wouldCouldyoulendmeyourbike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？5.Usedto/beusedto1)usedtodo：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Motherusednottobesoforgetful.母亲以前没有这么健忘。Scarfusedtotakeawalk.Scarf过去常常散步。2)beusedtodoing：对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.Scart现在习惯于散步。（三）、一般将来时1.shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？我应该先读哪一段？2.begoingto+不定式，表示将来。1)主语的意图，即将做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天你打算干什么？2)计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.这部戏预计要下个月拍。3)有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds，thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，要来暴风雨了。155 4)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们打算下周六讨论这个报告。5)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他正打算动身去北京。注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow，nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。3.begoingto/will用于条件句时，begoingto表将来，will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney，you’dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.如果你打算去旅行，最好尽快准备好。Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes，wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.如果你愿意脱下身上穿的衣服，我们就可以在镜子前给你试穿一下新衣服。4.beto和begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)I’mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排)5.一般现在时表将来1)下列动词：come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明早六点发车。155 2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.铃响了。3)在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome)，askhimtowaitforme.比尔来了后，让他等我。I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我一到那儿就给你写信。4)在动词hope，takecarethat，makesurethat等后边。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前一定要确保窗户都关上了。6.用现在进行时表示将来意为：“意图”“打算”“安排”常用于人。常用词为come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。I’mleavingtomorrow.我打算明天动身。Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你打算在这儿住到下周吗？二．完成体(一)、现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have(has)+过去分词。1.比较过去时与现在完成时155 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live，teach，learn，work，study，know。过去时常用的非持续性动词有come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，getmarried等。Isawthisfilmyesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.这部电影我看过了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已从巴黎回来了。Shereturnedyesterday.她昨天回来了。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)句子中如有过去时的时间副词如yesterday，last，week，in1960时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.2.用于现在完成时的句型1)Itisthefirst/secondtime....that...结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次参观这座城市。2)Thisisthe...that...结构，that从句要用现在完成时。ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。155 Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.3.比较since和forsince用来说明动作起始时间加点时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度，加段时间。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我在这儿住了20多年了。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我自出生就住在这儿。Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.我好久没收到叔叔的信了。注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.我在这里工作过20多年。(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.我在这里工作了多年了。(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误用。汤姆学习俄语有3年了。(对)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago，andisstillstudyingitnow.Harry结婚6年了。(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.155 =Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago，andisstillgettingmarriednow.显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.4.since的四种用法1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，lastmonth，halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.我自1989年就在这儿。2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.自五个月前我就一直在这儿。3)since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后发生了很大的变化。4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.自从我考上研究生已有两年了。5.延续动词与瞬间动词1)用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I’veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……”瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。Hedidn’tcomebackuntilteno’clock.他到10点才回来。155 Hesleptuntilteno’clock.他一直睡到10点。（二）、过去完成时1.概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had+过去分词构成。2.用法1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.她说她从来没去过巴黎。2)状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived，thethieveshadrunaway.等到警察来的时候，贼早已经跑了。3)表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome，butyoudidn’t.我们原本希望你能来，但你却没来。3.过去完成时的时间状语before，by，until，when，after，once，assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他说他以前学过英语。Bythetimehewastwelve，Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.等到爱迪生12岁那年，他早已学会自我谋生了。注意：hardly...when　……就……　nosooner...than　刚……就……倒装，时态155 4.用一般过去时代替完成时1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but等连词时，多用一般过去时。Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.看到老鼠，她尖叫了起来。2)两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。WhenIheardthenews，Iwasveryexcited.听到这个消息时，我非常激动。3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.老师告诉过我们哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。（三）、将来完成时1.构成willhavedonesth.2.概念1)状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。2)动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的经验。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那时他们结婚就20年了。YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天这个时候你就到了上海了。三、进行体（一）、现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。155 Wearewaitingforyou.我们正在等你。2.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.她在跟史密斯先生学钢琴。3.表示渐变的动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越来越暖和了。4.与always，constantly，forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你总是改变主意。5.不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词have，belong，possess，cost，owe，exist，include，contain，matter，weigh，measure，continueIhavetwobrothers.我有两个哥哥。Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐姐的。2)心理状态的动词know，realize，thinksee，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，love，hateIneedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他非常爱她。3)瞬间动词accept，receive，complete，finish，give，allow，decide，refuseIacceptyouradvice.我接受你的建议。4)系动词seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste，get，become，turn155 [来源:学*科*网]Youseemalittletired.你看起来有点累。（二）、过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2.过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3.常用的时间状语thismorning，thewholemorning，alldayyesterday，fromninetoten，lastevening，when，whileItwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站的时候，天正下着雨。（三）、将来进行时1.概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。She’llbecomingsoon.她很快就会来了。注意：将来进行时不用于表示“意志”，不能说I’llbehavingatalkwithher.2.常用的时间状语Soon，tomorrow，thisevening，onSunday，bythistime，tomorrow，intwodays，tomorroweveningBythistimetomorrow，I’llbelyingonthebeach.明天这个时候，我正躺在沙滩上。其他注意点一、一般现在时代替将来时1.时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时when，while，before，after，till，once，assoonas，solongas，bythe155 time，if，incase(that)，unless，evenif，whether，themoment，theminute，theday，theyear，immediatelyHeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。2.表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)二、一般现在时代替过去时1.“书上说”“报纸上说”等。Thenewspapersaysthatit’sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷的。2.叙述往事，使其生动。Napoleon’sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.拿破仑的部队冲上来了，战斗打响了。三、一般现在时代替完成时1.有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear，tell，learn，write，understand，forget，know，find，say,rememberIhear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.2.句型“Itis...since...”代替“Ithasbeen...since...”Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.四、一般现在时代替进行时1.句型：Herecomes...；Theregoes...Look，herecomesMr.li看，李先生来了。155 五、现在进行时代替将来时1.表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?这周和我们一起度周末吗?Weareleavingsoon.我们马上就走。2.渐变动词，如：get，run，grow，become，begin，dieHeisdying.他快要不行了。六、时态一致1.如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。Atthattime，peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.在那时，人们不知道地球是运动的。Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.他上周告诉我他18岁了。2.宾语从句中的助动词ought，need，must，dare时态是不变的。HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.他原以为我没有必要告诉你真相。七、时态与时间状语时间状语一般现在时　every...，sometimes,at...，onSunday一般过去时　yesterday，lastweek，anhourago，theotherday，in1982，justnow一般将来时　next...，tomorrow，in+时间现在完成时　for，since，sofar，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，uptonow，inpastyears，always，recently过去完成时　before，by，until，when，after，once，assoonas过去进行时　thismorning，thewholemorning，allday，yesterday，fromninetoten155 lastevening...when，while将来进行时　soon，tomorrow，thisevening，onSunday，bythistime，tomorrow，intwodays，tomorrowevening【考点诠释】考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时1．一般现在时（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件例1—Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight1026_______offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken【解析】飞机起非的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。（2）考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态例2Thismachine_______.Ithasn’tworkedforyears.A.didn’tworkB.wasn’tworkingC.doesn’tworkD.isn’tworking【解析】答案应为D。例3Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_______hereanymore.A.hasn’tlivedB.didn’tliveC.hadlivedD.doesn’tlive【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实例4Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_______thePacific,andwemetnostorms.155 A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。2．现在进行时（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事例5Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_______atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。例6SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People_______toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选D。（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作常用的这类动词有：go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,move,return,start,stay,stop,give,change,fly,work等。例7Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelt.Theplane_______.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff【解析】故答案选B。1．一般过去时155 主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况例8It’ssaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards________forentertainmentandeducation.A.werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesigned【解析】句中的theearly说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。例9MycousinwenttoCanadatwoyearsago.He_______thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.A.workedB.wouldworkC.wouldbeworkingD.hasbeenworking【解析】此题中的twoyearsago说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。2．过去进行时（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成例10—HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?—Ihavenoidea.He_______itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone【解析】此题中的twoyearsago说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是C。（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作例11—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_______takeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。155 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：一般过去时：完成性过去进行时：未完成考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时1．现成完成时（1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果例12Althoughmedicalscience_______controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved【解析】尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断出医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作例13Myfriend,who_______ontheInternationalOlympicCommitteeallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved【解析】此题中的时间状语allhislife说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。例14Mybrotherisanactor.He_______inseveralfilmssofar.A.appearsB.appearedC.hasappearedD.isappearing【解析】答案应是C。2．现成完成进行时主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。155 例15Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.considerD.isgoingtoconsider【解析】因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定,所以答案为B。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：现在完成时：完成性强调动作的结果现在完成进行时：未完成性　　动作在不久前持续进行的情景【A组：基础过关】1、China________asharpincreaseinthenumberofagedpeopleoverthepastdecade.A.sees        B.saw        C.willsee           D.hasseen【答案】D2、—Howdidyouspendyournationalholidays?—Oh,I       mostofmytimewatchingTV,andthenIwasinvitedtovisitarelativeinQingdao.A.havespent          B.wasspending               C.spent             D.hadbeenspending【答案】C 【解析】该题考查时态。根据问旬我们可以判断出此处是对过去发生事情的陈述，因此应该用一般过去时，故C项符合题意。3、Luckily______tobenooneunderthetreewhenitbrokedown.155 A.ithappened      B.therehappened      C.thereused           D.ithad【答案】B 【解析】该题考查句式。Therehappenedtobe“碰巧……”。语意为“幸运的是，当树倒下的时候碰巧树底下没有人”。4、—HasYangLipingreturnedfromYunnanyet?I’dliketomeether.  —Sorry.She_______backhereonlyforlastweekend.A.hasbeen              B.wouldbe                  C.hadbeen                 D.was【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。根据句中的回答可知，现在不可能见到YangLiping，因为她只是回来过了上周的周末，这里是对过去动作的一般叙述，因此使用一般过去时。6、—Mum,IreallythinkDadshouldhaveabreakandgetrelaxed.  —Yes.He____toolong.A.read                  B.hasbeenreading              C.hadread                D.isreading【答案】B7、Myheadache______me.Ithoughtitwasgoingaway,butnowit’sgettingworseandworse.A.iskilling            B.waskilling             C.kills                       D.killed【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。从now可知：我现在头疼得厉害。8、—I’llhavetogototheclassroom.IleftmyMP3playertherejustnow.—Youdon’thaveto.I______itbackforyou.Hereyouare.155   A.willbring                  B.bring                     C.brought                 D.havebrought【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态。注意说话的时间为现在，因此把MP3带来的动作发生在过去并对现在形成了影响，因此用现在完成时。9、MissLi______asasecretaryforfiveyearsinthecompany,andnowsheisgeneralmanagerofit．[来源:学科网]   A．served                  B．hasserved                   C．hadserved             D．serves【答案】A 【解析】考查动词的时态。从后面andnow看出，“李小姐做了5年的公司秘书”这件事情发生在过去，现在她已经不是了。据此判断serve是发生在过去的动作，应该用一般过去式。故选A项。10、—Tom,you’vegotanAinthefinalEnglishexam.Congratulations!—Thanks.ButIneverthoughttheresultcameoutsofast.Thepapers        whenIlefttheteacher’sofficejustnow.      A．hadbeenmarked                                B．werestillbeingmarked      C．arestillmarking                                  D．hadbeenmarking【答案】B基础训练11.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe ______  . A.willarrive  B.arrives  C.isgoingtoarrive  D.isarriving12.WhenIwasatcollegeI______  threeforeignlanguages,butI ______  allexceptafewwordsofeach.155  A.spoke;hadforgotten  B.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgotten  D.hadspoken;haveforgotten13.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______ andalotofthings______  . A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolen  B.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolen C.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen14.—Comeonin,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.—Oh,howniceofyou!I ______ you ______ tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoing    B.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’t’tthink;weregoingD.hadn’tthought;weregoing15.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit______. A.willrain   B.rainsC.rained     D.israining16.Mary______adresswhenshecutherfinger. A.made   B.ismaking   C.wasmaking D.makes17.She"supstairs______letters. A.writes  B.iswriting C.write     D.writing18.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?  —Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpainting     B.arepaintingC.arepainted        D.arebeingpainted19.Thestudents______busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe______intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft155 20.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided21.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_____ foralmostanhour.A.hadgone  B.hadsetoff  C.hadleft  D.hadbeenaway22.---Doyouknowourtownatall? ---No,thisisthefirsttimeI _______   here.  A.was  B.havebeen    C.came  D.amcoming23---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.---Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary. A.wasn"t      B.hadn"tbeen  C.wouldn"tbe      D.won"tbe24.Ifcitynoises _______ fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.  A.arenotkept;willhaveto   B.arenotkept;haveto  C.donotkeep;willhaveto  D.donotkeep;haveto25.Tom_________ intothehousewhennoone ________ .  A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;looked  C.slipped;hadlooked D.wasslipping;looked26.Incomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served27—Howlong______eachotherbeforethey___married?155 —Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;get          B.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtoget  D.hadtheyknown;got28.Mydictionary______.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.A.haslost;don"tfind      B.ismissing;don"tfind    C.haslost;haven"tfound  D.ismissing;haven"tfound29.Tomoughtnot____tomeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold30.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe  ___officesoon.A.leaves  B.wouldleave  C.left  D.hadleft11-15BBDBB16-20CDDDA21-25DBAAA26-30BDDAB【B组：能力突破】（福建省龙岩市2010届高三第一次质量检查）—Icalledyoumanytimesyesterdaymorning,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.—Oh.Mybrother______onthephoneallthetime!A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talked【答案解析】A考查动词的时态。从语意“我兄弟当时一直都占着电话机呢”可知，这是对过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作的表述，所以用过去进行时，选A项。（福建省龙岩市2010届高三第一次质量检查）—Themovie2012willbeonat155 8pm.Whataboutpickingyouupat7?—Allright,Iwillhavecomebackfromworkbythen,andI______youathome.A.willwaitforB.willbewaitingforC.havebeenwaitingforD.amwaitingfor【答案解析】B（山东省济南市2010届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题）AbigsteptostrengthenChina’shealthcaresystemssincewelaunchedaneffortin2008.A．hasbeentakenB．isbeingtakenC．wastakenD．hadbeentaken【答案解析】A考查时态。since(自从)所在的从句用了一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。（山东省济南市2010届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题）---Wethoughthewouldhavewonthegame.---Whatapity!Hetoonervouswhenplaying.A．hadbeenB．hasbeenC．wasD．wouldhavebeen【答案解析】C考查动词时态。语意：他当时太紧张了。答语是对过去事实的陈述，用一般过去时。（浙江省金华十校2010届高三上学期期末考试（英语））Heissupposedtomakehisvisittotheclubsoon,butI’mnotsurewhetherheornot.A．doesB．isC．hadD．will【答案解析】D考查时态与省略句。由前面issupposedto……soon可知应用一般将来时。will是willmakehis155 visit的省略，即我不知道他是否会来俱乐部。（浙江省金华十校2010届高三上学期期末考试（英语））—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonycalledyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandtotakeashower.A．hadstartedB．startedC．havestartedD．wasstarting【答案解析】D（浙江省金华十校2010届高三上学期期末考试（英语））Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A．arecuttingdownB．arecutdownC．arebeingcutdownD．hadbeencutdown【答案解析】C考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干内容可知，这句话表示雨林正在遭受砍伐，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。(2010年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考英语试题)—It’ssaidthatyourjourneywasnotverypleasant.—Wewouldhaveenjoyedourselves,butthecar___alittlecrowded.[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]A.wouldbeB.hadbeenC.wasD.wouldhavebeen【答案解析】C考查时态。从语意“我们本可以过得很愉快的”可知，这是对过去状况的虚拟，但“汽车有点挤”是发生在过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态表示过去的状况或动作，选C项。(皖南八校2010届高三年级第二次联考)Iyounottogiveupthatjob–now,wherecanyoufindabetterone?155 A．toldB．weretellingC．hadtoldD．tell【答案解析】A（上海市普通高等学校2010届高三春季招生考试）Weonourprojectdayandnightinthepasttwoweeks.A．hadworkedB．haveworkedC．willbeworkingD．hasbeenadvised【解析】B动词的时态。根据句中时间状语inthepasttwoweeks可以推断出应该用现在完成时，表示动作的持续，故选B项。(陕西省宝鸡市2010届高三质量检测)---Tom,you’vegotanAinthefinalEnglishexam.Congratulations!---Thanks.ButIneverthoughttheresultcameoutsofast.ThepaperswhenIlefttheteacher’sofficejustnow.A．hasbeenmarkedB．werestillbeingmarkedC．arestillmarkingD．hadbeenmarking【解析】B考查动词的时态。答语的语意：谢谢!但我没有想到(考试)结果会出来得这么快。我刚才离开老师办公室时，试卷仍然在批改中。根据语意，此处要用过去进行时。(吉林省长春市高中毕业班2010年第一次调研)—IsawLucyandherboyfriendintheparkatnineyesterdayevening.—impossible.ShetheInternetwithmeinmyhomethen.A.surfedB.hadsurfedC.wouldsurfD.wassurfing155 【解析】D时态。根据对话内容可知，昨天晚上九点时L,ucy正在和我一起上网，因此用过去进行时。（福建省厦门市2010届高三年级上学期质量检查）Eitherthewaysorthetime____yet,butyoumayasktheheadmasterforsomeinformation．A．isn"tdecidedB．hasn"tdecidedC．aren"tdecidedD．haven"tdecided【解析】A（福建省厦门市2010届高三年级上学期质量检查）—Thosescientistsinventedarobottocareforkids!—It"snotsurprising．They____wondersallthetime．A．workedB．wereworkingC．workD．havebeenworking【解析】D(北京市海淀区2010届高三上学期期末考试)Thegovernmentannouncedthatsixhighwaysbytheendoflastyear.[来源:学A．builtB．hadbuiltC．havebeenbuiltD．hadbeenbuilt【解析】D动词的时态。从后面的bytheendoflastyear可知，动作发生在过去的过去，谓语动词用过去完成时，且由语意可知应用被动语态，答案应该选D项。(北京市海淀区2010届高三上学期期末考试)IonmyreportnextweeksoIwontbeabletomeetyouanyday.A．amworkingB．willbeworkingC．wasworkingD．havebeenworking【解析】B动词的时态。从后面的next155 week可知，应用将来时，语意表示下周，我将正忙于写报告……，所以用将来进行时，据此答案应该选B项。(北京市东城区2010届高三上学期期末考试)---Hello,everyone!HaveyouheardthemeetingwillbeputofftillnextTuesday?---Thatswhatweaboutwhenyoucamein.A．aretalkingB．weretalkingC．talkD．talked【解析】B动词的时态。那就是你进来时我们正在讨论的事情。此处讨论的动作发生在你进来时，所以用进行时态，同时从camein可以看出用过去进行时态。答案应该选B项。(北京市东城区2010届高三上学期期末考试)RightnowthegovernmentistryingtocontrolthenumberofpeoplewhobyH1N1flu.A．havebeenaffectedB．haveaffectedC．areaffectedD．affect【解析】C考查动词的时态语态。语意：政府正在试图控制感染H1Nl流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感，用sbbeaffectedbysth结构，这里说的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，答案应该选C项。(北京市东城区2010届高三上学期期末考试)Sorry,I’mlate.Thecardownonmywayhere.A．wasbreakingB．hasbrokenC．hadbrokenD．broke【解析】D（浙江省温州市十校联合体2010届期末考试）MissLi______asasecretaryforfiveyearsinthecompany,andnowsheisgeneralmanagerofit．A．servedB．hasservedC．hadservedD．serves155 【解析】A考查动词的时态。从后面andnow看出，李小姐做了5年的公司秘书这件事情发生在过去，现在她已经不是了。据此判断serve是发生在过去的动作，应该用一般过去式。故选A项。基础训练21.—CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?   —Youcanwhenyou______abitolder.  A.get                 B.willget  C.aregetting             D.willhavegot22.—I"msorrytokeepyouwaiting.   —Oh,notatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes.  A.havebeen             B.hadbeen  C.was                 D.willbe23.Idon"treallyworkhere;I______untilthenewsecretary arrives.  A.justhelpout            B.havejusthelpedout  C.amjusthelpingout         D.willjusthelpout24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______.  A.hascompleted            B.completes  C.hasbeencompleted         D.iscompleted25.Asshe  thenewspaper,Granny  asleep.   A.read;wasfalling        B.wasreading;fell   C.wasreading;wasfalling  D.read;fell26.Youdon"tneedtodescribeher.I________ herseveraltimes.   A.hadmet  B.havemet   C.met     D.meet155 27.—Oh,it"syou!I_____you.   —I"vejusthadmyhaircut,andI"mwearingnewglasses.  A.didn"trecognize             B.hadn"trecognized  C.haven"trecognized           D.don"trecognize28.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_____ataradioshopatthetime.  A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked29.---Isthisraincoatyours?---No,minetherebehindthedoor.  A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung30.-Alice,whydidn"tyoucomeyesterday?  -I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.  A.had  B.would  C.wasgoingto  D.did31.Shirley_____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon"tknow  whethershehasfinishedit.  A.haswrittenB.wrote  C.hadwrittenD.waswriting32.--Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.  --Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.  A.painted  B.hadpainted C.havebeenpainting D.havepainted33.－－Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?  －－Oh,I"mterriblysorry.＿＿＿＿＿．  A.I"mnotnoticing        B.Iwasn"tnoticing  C.Ihaven"tnoticing       D.Idon"tnoticing34.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisold155 ways.  A.returned  B.returns  C.wasreturning  D.hadreturned35.Allthepreparationsforthetask______,andwe"rereadytostart.  A.completed    B.complete  C.hadbeencompleted    D.havebeencompleted36.Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets_______.  A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked C.werebooked  D.havebeenbooked37.Everypossiblemeans_______topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isused    B.areused.Chasbeenused  D.havebeenused38.Myuncle___untilhewasforty-five.  A.married      B.didn"tmarried C.wasnotmarrying      D.wouldmarry39.Tonywasveryunhappyfor___totheparty.  A.havingnotbeeninvited      B.nothavinginvited  Chavingnotinvited      D.nothavingbeeninvited40.---Howareyoutoday?　---Oh,I______asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.　　A．didn"tfellB．wasn"tfeeling　　C．don"tfellD．haven’tfelt41.ThereportersaidthattheUFO________easttowestwhenbesawit.　　A．wastravelingB．traveled　　C．hadbeentravelingD．wasto155 travel.42.Thenewsuspensionbridge__________bytheendoflastmonth.    A．hasbeendesigned  B．hadbeendesigned    C．wasdesigned     D．wouldbedesigned43.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I_______mymum.      A．amtaking  B．havetaken  C．take  D．willhavetaken44.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange45.Visitors______nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested46.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_________    awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.is      B.are        C.havebeen        D.hasbeen47.Rainforests______    andburnedatnearfuture.A.cut        B.arecut      C.arebeingcut        D.hadbeencut48.It______ longbeforewe ______ theresultoftheexperiment.A.willnotbe…willknow          B.is…willknowC.willnotbe…know              D.is…know49.JohnandI________ friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_______ eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseen                  Bhavebeen;have155 seenC.hadbeen;hadseen                  Dhavebeen;hadseen50.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He____ tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.    A.killed        B.iskilled      C.waskilled        D.waskillingKeys21-25AACDB26-30BABAC31-35DCBAD36-40BCBDD41-45ABAAD46-50DCCDC【高考链接】1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,31)Thechurchtowerwhich______willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored【答案】D2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,28)Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers______theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态。根据时间状语everyfewyears,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,31)-----Whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany?155 -----ThisisthejobthatI______for.A.lookedB.amtolookC.hadlookedD.havebeenlooking【答案】D【解析】考查时态。由句意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。4.(2010高考英语重庆卷,29)Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_______now.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained【答案】A5.(2010高考英语重庆卷,24)Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit______onthemarketin1973.A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes【答案】C【解析】考查时态。since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C项。6.(2010高考英语浙江卷,15)Formanyyears,people______electriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.A．haddreamedofB．havedreamedofC．dreamedofD．dreamof【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。从Formanyyears可知，此处谓语动词用完成时态；排除C项和D项；又因后一句用的是现在时态，故排除A项。据此答案应该选B项“现在完成时态”。155 7.(2010高考英语浙江卷,5)Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you______freshwatermeloninthefall.A．eatB．wouldeatC．haveeatenD．willbeeating【答案】D8.(2010高考英语天津卷,10)TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting______atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意为：“像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术正在2010年上海世博会文化展上进行展览。”根据句意可知是现在进行时含义，剧中主语时traditionalfolkarts，是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式，主语又表示“物”，具有被动含义，所以选择C。9.(2010高考英语天津卷,4)We______onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.A.areworkingB.havebeenworkingC.workedD.hadworked【答案】B10.(2010高考英语四川卷,18)You’vefailedtodowhatyou______toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou．A．willexpectB．willbeexpectedC．expectedD．wereexpected【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have155 failed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。11.(2010高考英语四川卷,16)一Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?一Notuntilweourplan．A．willfinishB．arefinishingC．aretofinishD．havefinished【答案】D【解析】考查时态。在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，此处为until引导的时间状语从句。故用现在完成时，选D。意为：“直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。”12.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,30)Theemployees______thattheyshouldrenewtheircontractswithinaweek.A．adviseB．haveadvisedC．areadvisedD．hadbeenadvised【答案】C13.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,29)We______onourprojectdayandnightinthepasttwoweeks.A．hadworkedB．haveworkedC．willbeworkingD．hasbeenadvised【答案】B【解析】动词的时态。根据句中时间状语inthepasttwoweeks可以推断出应该用现在完成时，表示动作的持续，故选B项。14.(2010高考英语陕西卷,24)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse______atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuilt155 C.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语atpresent可判断出用现在时，“manya+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。15.(2010高考英语陕西卷,21)IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI______alotlately.A.havebeencoughingB.hadcoughedC.coughedD.cough【答案】A16.(2010高考英语山东卷,30)Uptonow,theprogram______thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”uptonow是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。17.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,30)I______allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.A．willdoB．doC．amdoingD．haddone【答案】B【解析】B考查动词的时态。根据语意可知：通常由我来为家人做饭，但是因为最近很忙，所以我没有时间做。第一句是陈述的事实，因此应该用一般现在时。18.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,24)Joseph______toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.155 A．hasbeengoingB．wentC．goesD．hasgone【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。语意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名字?”。根据语意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选A项。19.(2010高考英语江西卷,30)Motherwantedtobeagoodprovider,aroleshe______sincehermarriagetoFather.AshouldersBshoulderedCisshoulderingDhasbeenshouldering【解析】D考查时态。句意：母亲想成为一名好的供养人——一个自她嫁给父亲以来一直在担任的角色。因为有since而且是动作的延续，所以用现在完成进行时，即shehasbeenshouldering作定语，修饰arole．20.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)---Iseveryonehere?---Notyet……Look,there______therestofourguests!A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming【答案】A21.(2010高考英语江苏卷,30)--Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?----We_______busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe【答案】C155 【解析】考查动词的时态。结合问句中的时态以及答语后半句中的时态可知答语前半句表示的是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。22.(2010高考英语江苏卷,23)—why,Jack,youlooksotired!---Well,I______thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepaintedD.havebeenpainting【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。23.(2010高考英语湖南卷,34)I"mtiredout..I______allafternoonandIdon"tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping【答案】D24.(2010高考英语湖南卷,33)Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts______causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have【答案】C【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句中的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除BD，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。25.(2010高考英语湖南卷,31)Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople______allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.155 A.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesold【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据“IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B项。26.(2010高考英语湖南卷,27)Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone______it.Wasityou?A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo【答案】B27.(2010高考英语湖南卷,24)Thiscoastalarea______anationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态和语态。根据主语“Thiscoastalarea”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的lastyear判断用一般过去时，故选A项。28.(2010高考英语福建卷,31)——Guesswhat,we’vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.——Hownice!You______adifferentculturethen.A.willbeexperiencingB.haveexperiencedC.havebeenexperiencingD.willhaveexperienced【答案】A【解析】考查155 时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证，再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。因此时态应为将来进行时。故选A项。B项为现在完成时，C项伟现在完成进行时，D项伟将来完成时，均不符合句意。29.(2010高考英语福建卷,28)EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey______beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised【答案】D【解析】考察时态。由句中arrive及beforeleavingtheirhometowns.可知，此空应为现在完成时，选C，其他三项不符合时态要求。30.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,32)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune______.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade【答案】C【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：(他们)在澳大利亚发现了金子，这使成千上万的人相信他们就要发财了。主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，因此believe后的宾语从句中谓语动词用过去将来时表示过去即将发生的动作，短语makea"fortune意为“赚大钱”，结合语意，此处应用被动语态，因此答案为C31.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,28)Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive【答案】B32.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,21)—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—N0,I______myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do155 【答案】A【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据时间状语alldayyesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，因此答案为A。33.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,19)Excuseme.I______Iwasblockingyourway.A.didn’trealizeB.don’trealizeC.haven’trealizedD.wasn’trealizing【答案】A【解析】考察时态。句意为：“抱歉，我刚才没有意识到我挡了您的道了。”这里要用一般过去时，说明说话者在刚才没有意识到自己挡了别人的路，现在已经意识到了，所以要用一般过去时说过去的事实，但是不能用一般现在时。34.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,15)Linda，makesurethetables______beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting【答案】C【解析】考查时态和语态。在makesure后的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时，且thetables与set之间是动宾关系。故选C。35.(2010高考英语北京卷,28)IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey______forme.A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing【答案】A36.(2010高考英语北京卷,26)--I"msorry,butIdon"tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?155 --Sorry,I______myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.A.hadn"tmadeB.wouldn"tmakeC.don"tmakeD.haven"tmade【答案】D【解析】考察时态。句意为：“——对不清，我没听清楚，你是说你在9月20日回来吗？”“—不好意思，我没有表达清楚，我们想在10月20日回来。”由句意可知此处需要现在完成时，即表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即D项正确。37.(2010高考英语北京卷,24)--I"mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.--Butourfriends______forus.A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting【答案】D【解析】考察时态。句意为：“——我爱没有吃晚饭呢。——但是朋友正在等我们呢。”由语境可知此处表示正在发生的动作，雇佣现在进行时，即D项符合题意。38.(2010高考英语北京卷,22)InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the"r"soundsattheendofthewords______.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped【答案】A【解析】考察动词时态及语态。句意为：“在美国一些地区的口语中，单词结尾"r"这个音节不被发音了。”由句意可知“sounds”和“drop”之间的被动关系，故需用被动语态，排除BD，C项为现在进行时的被动语态，表示“155 正在被……”，不符合语境，故选A。39..(2010高考英语安徽卷,34)一We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently．一Well，itisn’tsurprising．Ourfriendsandrelatives______aroundallthetime.A．arecomingB．hadcomeC．werecomingD．havebeencoming【答案】B2011江苏高考题21．——Ihearyou_____inapub.What’sitlike?——Well,it’sveryhardworkandI’malwaystired,butIdon’tmind.AareworkingBwillworkCwereworkingDwillbeworking22Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces_______thatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.AsuggestBsuggestsCsuggestedDsuggesting23----Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.----Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_____enoughforausedone.AsavesBsavedCwillsaveDwillhavesaved155 语法四情态动词概述：表示说话人的情感和态度，有一定词义，不可单独作谓语，与行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语。如：can,could,beableto,may,might,must,haveto,will,would,shallshould,oughtto,need,dare等一、表能力1.表现在或一般的能力，用can或am/is/areableto,且can比am/is/areableto更常用HermothercanspeakFrench.（一般能力）Iamstarvingtodeath.Icaneattwobowlsofricenow.（现在能力）2.表过去的能力(1).could,was/wereableto均可表示过去的一般能力，但只表有能力，不表示是否有行动Hecould/wasabletoswimlikeafishwhenhewasyoung.Hecould/wasabletotakecareofhimselfwhenhewasten.(2).was/wereableto可表过去经过努力成功做某事，相当于：managedtodosth/succeededindoingsth.此时不能用could,但否定句中could不受这一限制Thoughhewastired,hewasabletoswimacrosstheriver.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.155 Hewasveryill,sohecouldn’t/wasn’tabletofinishtheworkontime.3.表将来的能力，用willbeabletoIfyousayhereforseveralyears,youwillbeabletospeakEnglishquitewell.二、表请求、允许、允诺或许可1.can/couldCanIgonow?Youcansithere.A:CouldIcomehereagaintomorrow?B:Yes,youcan./No,I’mafraidnot.A:Couldyoulendmeyourbook?B:Certainly,Ican.注：此时could比can更委婉，与can无时间差别，主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句，肯定回答用can2.may/might(1)表请求A:MayIwatchTVnow?B:Yes,youmay./Yes,please.|No,youmustn’t/can’t/you’dbetternot.A:MightIaskyouaquestion?B:Surely,youmay.注：may用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t/can’t，might比may语气更婉转，肯定回答用may(2)表“许可”时，may侧重主观，can侧重客观155 Youmaysmokehere.Youcansmokenow,asGrannyisn’there.3.will/would(1)表请求或建议，would比will婉转，指现在时间，多用于第二人称Willyoupleasegowithme?A:Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?B:Yes,I’dliketo.A:Wouldyoudomeafavour?B:Ofcourse,Iwill.(2)表意愿、决定或允诺Iwillneverdothatagain.(我不会再做了)Comewheneveryouwill.(你随时可以来)4.must表“必须/应该”，强调主观看法，mustn’t表示禁止，不允许。must开头的问句，否定回答用needn’t/don’thavetoA:MustIdoitatonce?B:Yes,youmust.|No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.Wemustobeyalltherules.Youmustnotsmokehere.5.shall/should(1)在问句中shall表征求对方意见或请求，通常用于第一、三人称。（…好吗？要不要…了？）Whatshallwedonow?我们现在做什么？Shallshecomerightnow?马上要她来吗？155 Shallwegooutforamealtonight?(2)shall表说话人的允诺、警告、决定、命令、威胁等，通常用于第二、三人称，表“一定会、必须、应该、可以、要等”Tellhersheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(表允诺)Ifyouworkwell,youshallhavehigherwages.(表允诺)Youshalldoasyourfathersays.你要照你父亲说法做。（表命令）Ifyouwon’tdoasItellyou,youshan’tgototheparty.(表警告)(3)shall表决定或决心，通常用于第一人称IshallcomeifIwantto.我想来的话，我就来。ThatwasamomentthatIshallneverforget.Weshalldefendtheisland,whateverthecostmaybe.(意志)(4)录宣布法律、规定等时，也用shall,一般用于第三人称，表“应、必须”Thenewregulation(规章)shalltakeeffectonJune1st.Eachpartyshallrespecttheconditionsofthiscontract(条约).(5)should用于问句，表征求同意，询问情况等，表“可以、该”ShouldIturnthelighton?WhereshouldImeetyoutonight?三、表示推测1.表对现在的推测肯定句一般用：must,may/might,could(可能),would,should/oughtto否定句用：can/couldnot,may/mightnot疑问句用：can/could155 (1)对现在状态的推测Hemust/may(可能)/would(大概)/should(oughtto)(按理应该)beathome.(肯定句)Hecan’t/maynotbeathome.(否定)Canhebeathome?(疑问)注：could表示可能,不如may/might常用Hecouldbeonhiswayhomenow.(可能)Should/oughtto可表可能性、推论、期望等Thereportiswrittenaftercarefulinvestigation,soitshouldbereliable.Ifhestartedatseven,heoughttobeherenow.(2)对现在动作的推测Yourmothermust/maybewaitingforyouathome.Shecan’tbewatchingTVnow.Cantheybeplayingfootball?注：could/might可代替can/may，此时不表过去时2.表对过去的推测肯定句：must/may/might/could+havedone否定句：can/could/may/mightnot+havedone疑问句：can/could+havedoneItmust/mayhaverainedlastnight.昨晚一定/可能下雨了。Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan/couldnothavebeenathome.Canhehavegotthebook?他可能得到那本书了吗？3.表对将来的推测155 “must/may/might/can/could/oughtto+动词原形”，常与表将来的时间状语连用Shemustarrivebeforefive.5点前她准到。A：Canshearrivebeforefive?B：I’mafraidshecan’t.四、“情态动词+havedone”表“本…而…”1.should/oughttohavedone本该做…而实际未做should/oughtnottohavedone本不该做…而实际做了Youshouldhavecometothemeetingearlier.Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.2.needn’thavedone过去不必做…却做了Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.注：didn’tneedtodo表“没必要做而实际也未做”Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindow.Mybrotherdidit.3.may/mighthavedone.表过去本可能做…而未做.表“也许/或许已经…”，对过去的推测。一般只用于肯定/否定句中，不用于疑问句。否定意为“可能不”，用might语气更加不肯定。Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.(本…而未)It’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.(推测)Shemighthavecaughtacold.(推测)Hemaynothavefinishedthework.(否定推测)155 4.can/couldhavedone.表过去本能做…而未做….表过去可能会…，否定句表“过去不可能/没能…（对过去的推测）A:Didyoulistentothespeech?B:No,wecouldhaveattendedit.Butwehadalotoftrafficonourway.Youcouldhavecome5minutesearlier.Canhehavegonetohisaunt’s?IsawMr.Wangjustnow.Hecouldn’thavegonetoBeijing.五、其它用法1.can(1)表客观可能性或一时常有的行为和情形Anybodycanmakemistakes.Humanbeingcannotlivewithoutair.Itcanbeprettycoldhere,eveninspring.(2)表惊异、怀疑、不相信（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句）Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.He’sakindperson.Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless?2.may(1)表推测指可能性时，may主要用于肯定或否定句，而can则用于疑问或否定句Hemaybeverybusythesedays.155 Thestorymaynotbetrue.CanhebeLiLei?Itcan’tbetrue.这不可能是真的。(2)may可表祝愿，此时不用mightMayyouenjoyyourself!祝你玩得开心！Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！3.will/would(1)will表示习惯性的动作或某种倾向，通常用于第三人称Fishwilldieoutofwater.Mygrandpawilltalkforhoursifyougivehimthechance.Hewillsitthereforhoursreading.(2)will/would可表做某事的“意志、意愿、决心或打算”YouwillfindpleasureinreadingifyouwillreadshortstorieswritteninEnglish.(意愿)Shesaidthatshewouldcometotheparty,butnotbeforefiveo’clock.(意愿)Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldn’tsayaword.(意愿)IhavemadeupmymindtogoandIwill.(意志)IwillmakethecomputerworkevenifIhavetostayup.(表决心)(3)would可表过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作WhenIwasyoung,Iwouldgoswimminginsummerandtoskatinginwinter.注：usedto表过去常常而现在不这样了，would不与现在对比Heusedtogetupatsix.(现在不再这样了)4.must/haveto155 (1)must表主观上命令或强制“必须做”，haveto表客观上不得不做，可用于更多时态Youmustarrivethereontime.Thereisnobushere,andyouhavetogoonfoot.Ashehadbrokenhisleg,hehadtolieinbed.(2)must可表必然的结果Allmenmustdie.Ifyoudon’thurry,youmustmissthetrain.(3)must也表与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦，表“偏要，非要”Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?(偏要)Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,please.(非要)5.should/oughtto(1)should表劝告、建议、命令Youshouldwashyourhandsfirst.Youngpeopleshouldshowrespecttotheold.(有责任，从道义上应该)(2)oughtto语气比should重，往往表从法律上或道义上“应该”Parentsoughttosendtheirchildrentoschool.6.need/dare(1)need作情态动词，只用于疑问句和否定句，表“需要、必要”，肯定句中常用must/haveto代替Youneedn’tcallhim.A:NeedIcome?B:Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.155 注：need作行为动词时，可用于各种句型，后需带toYouneedtodoitverycarefully.(2)dare作情态动词表“敢”，通常用于否定句和疑问句Marydarenotdoit.Dareyougohomealoneat11intheevening?注：dare作行为动词时可用于各种句型，其后to可带可不带，但用于v.-ing形式时，必须带toThegirldidn’tdare(to)gooutatnight.Theboywasfrightenedwithoutdaringtospeak.六、固定句式1.“cannot/never…enough/too…”表“再…也不为过，越…越好”Wecannotbetoocarefulinthechoiceofourfriends.2.“why/howshould”表对某事不理解、感意外、惊异等，意为“竟会”Idon’tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.HowshouldIknowwhatyouneed?3.表“宁愿做某事”句型wouldratherdosth(thandosth)woulddosthratherthandosthwouldrathersbdidsthprefertodosth(ratherthandosth)preferdoingsthtodoingsth4.may(might)aswell/maywell155 (1)“mayaswell+动词原形”表“最好、倒不如”，相当于hadbetterWemayaswellstaywhereweare.(2)“maywell+动词原形”表“完全能，很可能”Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.(很可能认不出她)155 虚拟语气概述：表示说话人的主观愿望、猜想、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况HesuggestedIshouldgotoseethefilm.(虚拟语气表建议)Iftheyinvitemethisevening,Ishallgowiththem.(陈述语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性很大)Iftheyinvitedmethisevening,Ishouldgowiththem.(虚拟语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性很小或根本不可能)一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法（主从句都用虚拟语气）1.含义从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式/werewould/should/could/might+v.原形与过去事实相反haddonewould/should/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反过去式/should+v.原形/wereto+v.原形would/should/could/might+v.原形（注：主句中的should只用于第一人称（I/we），美式英语中的should常被would代替，从句中的should可用于各种人称。）155 IfIwereyou,Iwould/shoulddothat.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgowithyou.IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’t/couldn’thavefailedtheexam.IfIsawhimtomorrow,Iwouldpassyournotetohim.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtonight,wewouldnotgoout.注：Ifitwerenotfor…意为“如果没有”，与现在事实相反的假设Ifithadnotbeenfor…意为“如果当时没有”，与过去事实相反的假设Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropsshould/woulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.2.主句动作与从句动作发生时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldbehomenow.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.3.条件句可由介词短语替代，常用介词有with,without,butforWithherhelp,Iwoulddoitfaster.Withouthim,wewouldhavefailed.Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.4.有时为表达的需要，可通过其他手段来代替条件句Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.155 Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.5.在条件句中可省略if,用倒装，将were,had,should放句首WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.二、其它用法1.在主语从句中的用法“Itis+引起虚拟语气的adj./v.-ed(过去分词)/n.+从句（用虚拟语气）”从句的谓语动词应为：(should)+v.原形（表现在的情况，should可省）(should)+havedone（表过去的情况，should可省）此类adj.有：important,strange,natural,necessary,wonderful,better,probable等此类v.-ed有：demanded,required,requested,suggested,planned等此类n.有：apity,ashame,nowonder等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldcleartheworkshopafterwork.Itisverystrangethatshe(should)haveleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Itisbetterthatthepatient(should)besenttohospitalatonce.Itisrequiredthateverystudentshouldwearschooluniform.Itisapitythatyoushouldbesolateforthemeeting.2.在宾语从句中的用法(1)在suggest,demand,order,propose,insist(坚决要求)，command,request,desire等后表建议、命令、要求、愿望等，用“(should)+v.原形”，should可省155 Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Ourteacherdemandedthattheclassroombecleanedatonce.(2)当表示与事实相反的愿望时，在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气与现实相反的愿望：过去式/were与过去事实相反：haddone与将来事实相反：would/might/could+v.原形IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.(可惜不知道)IwishIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.(实际已花掉)Iwishitwouldstopraining.(3)在wouldrather后的用法用过去完成时指过去用过去时指现在或将来I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.I’dratheryoupaidmenow.I’dratheryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.3.在同位语从句和表语从句中的用法在表命令、要求、提议、愿望等名词后的同位语或表语从句中，谓语用“(should)+动词原形”此类词通常是：order,hope,idea,plan,suggestion,proposal,request,desire,decision等Theyreceivedanorderthattheystartoffatonce.Mysuggestionisthathe(should)besentthere.4.在状语从句中的用法155 (1)由asif/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气（用法与wish引导的宾语从句相同）与现实相反的愿望：过去式/were与过去事实相反：haddone与将来事实相反：would/might/could+v.原形Helooksasifhewereanartist.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.Itlooksasifitmightrain.注：若表事情可能发生，方式状语从句中谓语动词可以用陈述语气Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(2)由evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句，主从句都用虚拟语气，用法与条件句的虚拟语气相同Evenifhewerehere,Ishouldsaythesamething.Eventhoughhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.5.ifonly的用法与Iwish用法一致，相当于“HowIwish…”IfonlyIwereabird.Ifonlyhevisitedustoday.Ifonlyhehadvisitedusyesterday.IfonlyIhadseenthefilm.Ifonlyhecould/would/mightvisitustomorrow.6.在“Itis(high)time(that)…”句型中，time后的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去时，有时也可用“should+v.原形”，should不可省Itishightimewedidourhomework.Itis(high)timethatyoushouldgotoschool.155 情态动词随堂练习（例题）1.---MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?---No,you______.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t2.Thetrafficisheavythesedays.I_______arriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?A.canB.mustC.needD.might3.You_______behungryalready---youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t4.---Shelooksveryhappy.She_______havepassedtheexam.---Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might5.I______havewatchedthatmovie---it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t6.Mark______havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t7.Justbepatient.You_______expecttheworldtochangesosoon.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot8.You______buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto155 情态动词课后练习11.---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn’tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you_______havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.AmustB.mustn’tC.shouldD.shouldn’t2.---Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.---Ah,goodmorning.You_______beMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can3.Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit_______beregularexercise.A.canB.willC.mustD.may4.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe______itdifferently.A.couldexpressB.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed5.Oneofthefewthingsyou_______sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can6.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;they_______just155 bequietpeople.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would7.---Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.---Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may8.Jackdescribedhisfather,who______abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen9.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There_______betwelve.A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall10.Theteacher_______havethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn’thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must11.---Mycat’sreallyfat.---You_______havegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t12.---Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?---Yes,he_______.A.needB.mustC.mayD.will13.Peter_______bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must155 14.We_______haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.A.needn’tB.maynotC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t15.---CouldIhaveawordwithyou,Mum?---Ohdear,ifyou_______.A.canB.mustC.mayD.should16.---Iexpectedhimtobenervousbeforehisspeech,buthewasascoolasacucumber.---He_______itcarefully.A.couldhavepreparedB.shouldn’thavepreparedC.musthavepreparedD.can’thaveprepared17.UncleWangisageniuscookandwe______nevergetenoughofhiscookies.A.needB.mayC.shouldD.can虚拟语气随堂练习（例题）1.---Johnwenttothehospitalalone.---Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.155 A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold2.---Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.---Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_______.A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavedied3.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon4.Teachersrecommendparents_______theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow5.---Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood?---Nexttonothing.IwishI_______harderatEnglish.A.workedB.hadworkedC.wouldworkD.wereworking虚拟语气课后练习11.Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.AfollowedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow2.Don’tyouthinkitessentialthateveryresidentofNanjing______sparenoefforttomakecontributionstoNanjing2014YouthOlympicGames?A.shouldB.willC.shallD.would155 3.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy______.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved4.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might5.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused6.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he_______better.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone7.Ididn’tlikethehotel.Iwishwe_______tostaythere.A.haven’tdecidedB.hadn’tdecidedC.didn’tdecideD.won’tdecide8._______tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalivetoday.A.IfhewentB.HadhegoneC.WerehegoneD.Ifheshouldgo情态动词课后练习21.Ididn’thearthebellring,I___asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen2.---Weneedapersonverymuchtothinkupsuchanidea.155 ---___thenewengineerhaveatry?A.ShallB.MayC.ShouldD.Need3.---Ibookatablefordinnerafewdaysaheadoftime?---Yes,you___.Therestaurantisalwaysfull,especiallyduringtheholidays.A.Must;willB.Must;canC.Shall;shallD.Shall;must4.---Ididn’tgotoworktoday.---You___.ItisSunday.A.didn’tneedtoB.mustn’thaveC.can’thaveD.needn’thave5.---Yoursisternearly___allhersparetimetoherstudyduringthethreeyears.---That’sright,orshe___thefirstplaceinherschoolintheCollegeEntranceExamination.A.devoted;wouldn’thavetakenB.spent;wouldn’thavetakenC.hadn’tdevoted;hadn’ttakenD.hadn’tspent;couldn’ttake6.Ifyouwritesomethingandsenditimmediatelybyemail,whichyou___laterregret,thereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.A.wouldB.shouldC.havetoD.might7.Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,we___oftenhavecoffeetogether.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would8.---What’sthematterwithyou?---Oh,I’mfeelingtiredandsleepynow.I___solatelastnight.A.couldn’thavestayedupB.mustn’thavestayedupC.shouldn’thavestayedupD.needn’thavestayedup9.---Don’tbelateforyourinterview.155 ---OfcourseIwon’t.Infact,I___waittomeetthemanager.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.shan’t10.Theimportanceofsavinggas___bestressedtoomuch.Automobilesuseup70billiongallonsofgasayear.A.cannotB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.maynot11.TheTibetans___climbthemountainstheybelievedtobesacred.A.shouldnotB.darenotC.wouldnotD.mustnot12.---Thecomputercosts$900.---It___bethatexpensive.Anyway,itisausedone.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.willnotD.needn’t13.---DidMarygototheexhibitionyesterday?---Yes,butshe___athome.A.mayhavestayedB.muststayC.shouldhavestayedD.wasstaying14.---What’shappenedtoGeorge?---Idon’tknow.He___.A.musthavegotlostB.mayhavegotlostC.shouldhavegotlostD.can’thavebeenlost15.It’sterrible.Thecar___breakdownjustasweweregoingonourholiday.A.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.might16.Iwanttogotothedentist’s,butyou___withme.A.neednottogoB.donotneedgoC.neednotgoD.needgonot155 17.HavingrealizedthatI___useakitetoattractlightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.A.daredB.shouldC.wouldD.could18.---CouldyoupossiblygetmeanewcopyofLongmanDictionary?---There___benoproblem.A.couldB.wouldC.mightD.should19.---Whatcrowdedtraffic!Ittookmetwentyminutestogotothestationinmycar.---You___havewalkedthere;itwassonear.A.canB.couldC.mustD.may20.---WellIforgottobringmydictionaryhereyesterday.---Oh,actuallyyou___ithere,fordictionarieswerenotallowedtousehereyesterday.A.needn’tbringB.needn’thavebroughtC.didn’tneedtobringD.don’thavetobring虚拟语气课后练习21.IfI___longenoughtohaveajob.Iwouldchoosetobeadoctor,___thoseAIDSpatients.A.hadlived;helpingB.shouldlive;helpC.weretolive;helpingD.shouldhavelived;help2.___youradvice,IwouldhavecaughtinthetrafficandIwouldn’thavebeenthereontime.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor155 3.Stevesaidthatifhe___howitworked,he___mewhattodo.A.knows;wouldtellB.hadknown;wouldhavetoldC.knew;wouldhavetoldD.hadknown;wouldtell4.___thehelpfromthedoctor,thelittleboy___hislife.A.Apartfrom;shouldhavelostB.Without;couldloseC.Butfor;wouldhavelostD.Exceptfor;wouldhavelost5.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheBotanicalGardens.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.If6.Ifhe___quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,Ronaldwouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.laidB.layC.shouldlieD.hadlain7.Butfortheheavyrainwe___apleasantjourneylastSunday.A.wouldhaveB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.wouldhavehad8.Youarelate.Ifyou___afewminutesearlier,you___him.A.came;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemetC.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet9.Itisrequiredbylawthateveryone___hiscarecheckedatleastonceamonth.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.willhave10.Recentlyquitealotofexpertshavesuggestedthatanotherlawonwildlifeprotection___assoonaspossible.A.ispassedB.bepassedC.waspassedD.beingpassed练习答案情态动词随堂练习（例题）155 1-5DDBCA6-8AAD情态动词课后练习11-5CBCCD6-10BBDAD11-15CBCBB16-17CD虚拟语气随堂练习（例题）1-5DDBAB虚拟语气课后练习11-5CAABB6-8DBB情态动词课后练习21-5BADAA6-10DDCCA11-15CACBA16-20CDDBC虚拟语气课后练习21-5CBBCB155 6-10DDBBB特殊句式（倒装、强调、省略）倒装一、概述：倒装句：通常指主谓结构颠倒的句子。(1)完全倒装句：谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子。Herecomesthebus.(2)部分倒装句：把谓语一部分置于主语之前的句子（通常为be、助动词、情态动词提前）。NeverhaveIbeentherebefore.Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.注：若谓语无助动词，要找助动词来帮它完成倒装，如疑问句等。二、完全倒装1.副词放句首或介词短语作地点状语放句首时（此时谓语为不及物动词），要完全倒装。副词：here,there,now,then,up,down,out,in,away,off等介词短语：intheroom,onthewall等Theregoesthebell.(铃响了)Awaywenttheboy.Outrushedthechildren.Nowcomesyourturn.155 Thencametheordertotakeoff.Byhissidestoodalittleboy.Inthemiddleofthelakeliesasmallisland.注：当主语为代词时，不用倒装，如：Awayhewent.2.Therebe句型，表“在哪里存在什么”，其句型结构为：“There(为引导词，无意义)+be(谓语)+主语+状语”Therearemanypeopleoverthere.3.such置于句首时（作为了解）SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，是20世纪最伟大的科学家。注：此句型中such多被人为是表语，所以be与其后的主语一致。三、部分倒装1.疑问句的倒装Doyouliketheseanimals?Whydidn’tyouattendMary’sbirthdaypartyyesterday?2.表示前面的情况也适合于后面的人或物(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，表前面肯定的情况Youcanrideabike.SocanI.(2)neither,nor表前面否定的情况Ihaveneverbeenabroad;neitherhashe(=Hehasneverbeenabroad,either).Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight;nordidhe.（3）Soitis(thesame)with….也是如此。155 用于前面是并列句的几种情况：.两个并列句的主语或时态不一致.一为肯定句，一为否定句.一句中用be，一句用do的情况KarlMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.Soitwas(thesame)withEngels.---Ilikeswimming,butIdon’twanttoswimtoday.---Soitis(thesame)withme.Tomisnotclever,butheworkshard.Soitis(thesame)withLucy.3.否定词放句首时用部分倒装如：never,seldom,not,neither,norlittle,hardly…when,notonly…butalso,nosooner…thanNevershallIforgetit.Seldomdoeshegoout.LittledidIthinkJohnwilllosethegame.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.NoramIawarethatanyoneelseknowsthesecret.Hardlyhadthethiefseenthepolicemanwhenheranaway.Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.(只是前句倒装)Nosoonerhadhebeenbackathomethanherealizedhismistake.NotuntilhismotherreturneddidTombegintodohishomework.(主句倒装)注：155 .Neither…nor…连接两个并列句时，两句都要倒装，连接并列宾语和状语也需倒装Neitherdidtheywritenordidtheytelephone.NeitherFrenchnorGermandoIknow.(并列宾语)NeitheronSaturdaynoronSundaydowehavelessons.(并列状语)NeitheryounorIlikethisbook.(连接主语不倒装).no构成的合成代词或副词置句首作状语或宾语时，需倒装如：nobody,nothing,nowhere等Nowherewillyoufindbetterrosesthanthese.（状语）NobodydidIseethere.（宾语）Nobodyknowsthatsecret.（作主语不倒装）4.以only修饰的副词、介词短语、状语从句或宾语放句首时要倒装OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyinmyhousedotheyfeelathome.Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.Onlywhenhecamehomedidshelearnthenews.（从句不倒装）OnlyhimdidIseeyesterday.5.so…that和such…that引导状语从句，当so/such位于句首时，主句要倒装Sobadlydidhedohishomeworkthattheteachercriticizedhim.Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryoneintheroomcouldhearhimclearly.Suchafinedayisitthatwe’dliketoplayoutside.6.用虚拟语气的条件状语从句省略if时，要将were,had或should置于主语前，构成倒装155 WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudharder.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.7.由as引导的让步状语从句常用倒装，将从句中的表语/状语/动词原形置句首，若表语是句词，前置时省略冠词，从句一般放主句前。Childasheis,heknowsalot.Oldasheis,heworkshard.Lateashecame,hesawthefamousman.Tryaswedid,wefailedagain.8.方式副词well或频度副词often/manyatime等放句首时要倒装WelldoIremembertheday.Oftendidheremindmenottodoit.Manyatimehashegivenmegoodadvice.9.有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语，将表语前置Presentatthedancingpartyweretheteachersinourschool.10.某些表示愿望的感叹句用倒装Longliveourfriendship!（我们的友谊万岁）Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveapleasantjourney!155 强调句一、概述强调：突出句中的某一个部分，使其显得更加重要，可通过句型、单词、词组等表强调。Hedoesknowtheplacewell.Whatonearthhappenedtohimyesterday?（到底，究竟）二、强调句型1.“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它成分.”通常强调主语、宾语和状语。（可把强调句视为由一个简单的陈述句改装的，若强调部分为人时，可用that/who，其它都用that）陈述句：Imetherinthestreetlastnight.改为强调句：ItwasIthat/whometherinthestreetlastnight.---强调主语Itwasherthat/whoImetinthestreetlastnight.---强调宾语ItwasinthestreetthatImetherlastnight.---强调地点状语ItwaslastnightthatImetherinthestreet.---强调时间状语2.含有“not…until”的强调句：“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.àIdidn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.155 3.当强调since/as引导的原因状语从句时，应改为because引导Shemissedtheearlybussinceshegotuplate.àItwasbecauseshegotuplatethatshemissedtheearlybus.4.如何判断强调句去掉“Itis/was…that/who”调整一下语序，若成为一个完整的句子，则可判断该句为强调句。Itisafactthatwevisitedafactorylastweek.---主语从句Itwasafactorythatwevisitedyesterday.---强调句5.强调句的疑问式一般疑问句：Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?特殊疑问句：Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?三、用do/does/did强调谓语Docomethisevening.今晚一定要来。ShedoeslikeEnglish.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.155 省略句概述：句子的某些成分因避免与前句重复或语法等原因被省略的情况，且不影响意思的表达1.do/does/did可代替动词以避免重复ShespeaksEnglishbetterthanhedoes.(=speaksEngish)A:Didyoureadthisnovel?B:Yes,Idid.(=readthisnovel)A:ShallIinviteTomtotheparty?B:Yes,itwillbeniceifyoudo.A:ShallIwakeyouuptomorrow?B:Yes,pleasedo.2.用so和not作替代词以避免重复常用此结构的动词有：hope,think,beafraid,tell,believe,fear,expect,suppose,guess,imagine等.---Willthepatientrecover?---Iamafraidnot(不说Iamnotafraidso).---Willitbelate?---Iexpectso.---Iexpectnot=Idon’texpectso..---Willitbefinetomorrow?---Yes,Ihopeso.155 ---No,Ihopenot.(不说Idon’thopeso)3.to代替不定式以免重复.be+adj.(如：glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready等)---Willyoujoinusinatalk?---Yes,I’llbegladto..love,like,mean,hope,advise,expect,want等---Wouldyoulikesomebananas?---Yes,I’dloveto..have,need,ought,beable,begoing,used等Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto..ask,tell,persuade,wish,permit,allowsbtodosthDon’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto..不定式完成式后保留tohave，而否定式后保留to---Yououghttohavefinishedyourwork.---IknowIoughttohave.IsawhimridinghisbikeintheparkandItoldhimnotto..usedtobe中的be不能省Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.4.定语从句中的省略现象1.定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,who,whom常可省略Thisistheboy(whom)Imetattheschoolgateyesterday.2.当先行词是time,reason,place时，在从句中作状语的关系副词when,why,where也可省去155 Thisisthefirsttime(when)hehadtroublewiththeboss.5.状语从句中的省略(1).当状语从句和主句的主语一致时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词.连词（as,asif,once）+名词Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice..连词（though,whether,when）+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret..连词（whether,asif,while）+介词短语Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething..连词（when,while,though）+现在分词While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled..连词（when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as）+过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected..连词（asif,asthough）+不定式Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.(当连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/todo时可把它看成是非谓语动词作状语来分析)注：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，也有这样的省略。Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.(2).当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词又含be时，it,be可一起省略此时为“连词（if,unless,whenwhenever）+形容词”的结构Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.(3).so或not可代上文内容，此时可有if+so/not省略句式Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(youdon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.155 Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(heisnotathome),leavehimanote.6.用so,neither,nor代替上文肯定或否定的内容Heisclever,soareyou.155 特殊句式随堂练习（例题）1.---Iseveryonehere?---Notyet…Look,there______therestofourguests!AcomeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming2.---It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?---Yes._______yesterday.A.SowasitB.SoitwasC.SoitisD.Soisit3.Notuntilhelefthishome______toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A.didhebeginB.hadhebegunC.hebeganD.hehadbegun4.Little_______aboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.A.didRosecareB.RosedidcareC.RosedoescareD.doesRosecare5.Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol______toreturntotheirhomes.A.theresidentswouldbepermittedB.hadtheresidentsbeenpermittedC.wouldtheresidentsbepermittedD.theresidentshadbeenpermitted6.Ladiesandgentlemen,welcometomyprogram._______methiseveningisDr.Gray.A.TojoinB.JoinC.JoinedD.Joining155 7.Ifyouhaveajob,_______yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.A.dodevoteB.don’tdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting8.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A.howB.whichC.thatD.where9.---What’sthematterwithDella?---Well,herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill_______.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor10.---Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday.---Yes.______,I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible155 特殊句式课后练习1.John’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork_______hasmadehimwhatheistoday.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.that2.Johnopenedthedoor.There______hehadneverseenbefore.A.agirldidstandB.agirlstoodC.didagirlstandD.stoodagirl3.Welaughatjokes,butseldom______abouthowtheywork.A.wethinkB.thinkweC.wedothinkD.dowethink4.AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver_______,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A.liesChongqingB.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie5.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_______regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout6.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage______thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which7.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool._______theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.155 A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended8.Foramomentnothinghappened.Then_______allshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome9.Sosudden______thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.A.didtheattackB.theattackdidC.wastheattackD.theattackwas10.Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly_______,butstudentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy11.Someofyoumayhavefinishedunitone._______,youcangoontounittwo.A.IfyoumayB.IfyoudoC.IfnotD.Ifso12.Itwas_______hecamebackfromAfricathatyear_______hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.only;when13._______youeatthecorrectfoods________beabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.A.Onlyif;willyouB.Onlyif;youwillC.Unless;willyouD.Unless;youwill14.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and______.A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI15.---Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?---Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder______.155 A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold16.---Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.---______.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes17.IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldom_______solonelyasnow.A.haveIfeltB.IhadfeltC.IhavefeltD.hadIfelt18.It_______wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks_______Ifoundwehadalotincommon.A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that19.Weallknowthat,______,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith20.Idon’tmindhercriticizingme,but_______ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which21.---Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthe3Dfilmtechnology?---Alittle.Notuntil_______thehotmovieAvatar_______someaboutit.A.didIsee;didIbegintolearnB.Isaw;IbegantolearnC.Isaw;didIbegintolearnD.didIsee;Ibegantolearn22.---HaveyouheardthatZhangXueyouiscomingtoourcitytogiveaconcert?155 ---Yes.Doyouknowwhereitis_______hisconcertwillbegiven?A.whatB.thatC./D.where23.---DidyouhearthatLiHuawasrobbedduringhisrecenttriptoSouthAfrica?---Yes,notonly______hismoney,buthewasnearlykilled.A.helostB.didheloseC.hehadlostD.washelost24.XiaoLinisinvitedtoattendtheeveningparty,buthe________,becausehehastofinishtheproductionreportontime.A.prefersnottoB.preferstonotC.prefersnotD.doesnotprefer25.Little_______thatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.A.herealizedB.hedidn’trealizeC.didn’therealizeD.didherealize26.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_______.A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedB.thenthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberwasrescuedD.thatthemountainclimberwasrescued27._______yougetintouniversityinthefuture,youwouldhavetogoandtakethechance.A.WillB.ShouldC.WouldD.Could155 练习答案：特殊句式随堂练习（例题）：1-5AAAAC6-10DACAD特殊句式课后练习：1-5DDDAC6-10BCBCB11-15DCABA16-20CADBA21-25CBBAD26-27DB155