高二英语语法复习 4页

高二英语语法复习人教版一.本周教育内容：语法复习：非谓语动词做名词的定语Therebe句型中的非谓语动词的使用With+名词+补足语二.知识总结与归纳：（一）非谓语动词（todo;doing;done）做名词的定语修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用doing短语，done短语，beingdone短语，tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1.被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做……的人/正在发生的事。2.被修饰名词+done短语：被……的人/事3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语：正在被……的人/事4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语：将要被……的人/事请看下面几个定语从句以及句中定语从句的简化表达：1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartywhichistobegiveninourclassat7:45.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。beingdone表示正在被做的。3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，tobedone表示将要被做的。例句：1.GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.2.AbridgeconnectingAsiawithNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringStraitcouldbeacriticallinkintheproposedglobalhighwaywhichwouldallowpeopletotraveloverlandtoanywhereintheworld.3.AdriverstartingoffintheeveningontheRussiansidewouldarriveinAlaskaonthemorningofthatsameday,effectivelytravelingmanyhoursbackintime.注意：还有一些结构已经形成了固定的短语：doing/done+名词如：thefallenleavesawashingmachinespokenEnglishwrittenEnglishadressingmirrorawaitingroomthecomingyearboiledwaterboilingwater等（二）Therebe句型中的非谓语动词的使用：Therebe+名词+todo：有……要做 +doing：有……正在做/发生 +done：有……被……Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Therearebirdssinginginthetree.（三）用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：-4- with/without+名词+doing短语done短语todo短语介词短语/副词例句：1.Tomwentaway,withoutawordspoken.2.Mostofhouseswerebuiltofbricksmadeofdriedmud,witharoofsupportedbypalmtreetrunks.3.Helayonhisback,withhishandsbehindhishead.4.Thesilencewassuddenlybrokenwhenalargecar,withitsheadlightsonanditshornblaring,roareddownthearcade.【典型例题】一.单项选择：1.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled分析：Withalotofdifficultproblems_____意思是“有这么多难题要解决，”因此使用with+名词+todo形式。答案：C2.Howmanyofus_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰Howmanyofus做定语与全句动作同步。答案：B3.Don’tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.todiscuss分析：难道你不觉得明天要讨论的问题很重要吗？_____tomorrow做定语修饰名词thequestion，表示：“将要被讨论的……”用tobedone结构做定语。答案：C4.Thepicture____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung分析：Thepicture____onthewall：挂在墙上的画。Hang在句中是不及物动词。hanging做picture的定语。答案：B二.翻译句子：1.Thoughthereismuchtobeconcernedabout,thereisfar,farmoreforwhichtobethankful.答案：尽管人生有许多烦扰，但更多的是感恩。2.TheAmazonhasoverathousandtributariesfeedingintoit.TheentireriversystemisthesizeofNorthAmerica.答案：亚马孙河由一千多条支流汇交而成。整个水系覆盖的面积如北美洲一样大。3.Thereiseveryreasontobehopefulaboutthefuture.AsImakevisitsaroundthecountry,Iseeatfirsthandtheeffortbeingmadetobringcommunitiestogether.答案：我们有理由对未来充满希望。在我巡视全国时，我亲眼看到人们为团结各社群而正在进行的努力。4.Thereiscertainlymuchmoretobedoneandmanychallengestobeovercome.答案：我们要做的事还有很多，要战胜的挑战也很多。5.Theyallneedtobereassuredthatthereissomuchtobe-4- gainedbyreachingouttoothers.答案：他们都需要重新树立观点：了解他人受益匪浅。6.TheimplicationdrawnbyJesusisclear.Everyoneisourneighbor—nomatterwhatrace,creedorcolor.Theneedtolookafterafellowhumanbeingisfarmoreimportantthananyculturalorreligiousdifferences.答案：耶酥要传达的寓意十分清楚。无论何种民族，信仰和肤色，每一个人都是我们的邻居。照顾每个人的需要远远重要于任何文化和宗教上的分歧。【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）一.单项选择：1.Themissingboywerelastseen__A___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplyingC.playD.toplay2.Whodidtheteacherhave_B___anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writingB.writeC.towriteD.written3.Theywouldnotallowhim_A_acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskinggoingC.forriskgoingD.riskgoing4.—WhereshouldIsendmyform?     —ThePersonalofficeistheplace__B_.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit5.Thestudents,_C__atthewaythequestionwasput,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.A.beingsurprisedB.surprisingC.surprisedD.havingsurprised6.Heislyinginbed,withhiseyeslookingattheceilingsandhishands__D_behindhishead.A.tocrossB.crossingC.crossD.crossed7.Theoldmanwasmovedbywhatshesaid,withtears_A_upinhiseyes.A.wellingB.welledC.rollingD.rolled三.短文改错：Manychildrenhaveabirthdaycakewithcandleontheirbirthday.1.candlesInsomecountries,likeEnglandandScotland,thereareanothercustom,2.istoo.Therearepeoplespank（拍打）orhitthechildonhis/herbirthday.3.去掉areThismayhurtalittle,andtheysayitisveryluckyforthechild.The4._but_childmustnevercry.Thecustomsaysthatifyoucry,you∧cryallyear.5.willThereasonforbirthdayspanksistomakethebadspiritsgo6.√away.Thehardyouspankthebetteritis.InBelgium,another7.hardercountryinEurope,thecustomisalittledifference.Thereaparent8.differentgoesintothechildroomearlyinthemorningwithaneedle（针）.9.child’sAssoonasthechildwokeup,theparentpricks（刺）thechild10.wakes-4- -4-