【英语语法-非谓语动词课件】46页 ppt 2 47页

非谓语不定式（todo)分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词 V-ing/V-ed使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat. 1.2.Whenweseefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.Seeingfromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful. 1.不能单独作谓语2.没有人称和数的变化3.有时态和语态的变化。 时态和语态语态时态主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone V-ing的否定式在分词前加“not”语态时态主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone(not)(not)(not)(not) V-ing在句子中充当的成分Sende-mailsismoreandmorepopular.It’snousetakethiskindofmedicine.Thefilmissomoved.Icouldn’thelpcrywhenIheardthebadnews.Iheardthegirlsungintheclassroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主语表语宾语宾补 mind、suggest、delay、keepon、lookforwardto、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeedin、consider、can’thelp、miss+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾语) have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear、find、notice、feel,catch+sb.+doing(V-ing在这种结构中做宾补) 5.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Chinaisacountrydevelopingveryfast.6.Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.Beingill,hewenthome.定语状语 1.Chinaisalargecountrydevelopingveryquickly.2.Ihavereceivedyourletter,sayingyouwillcometoChinanextmonth.3.Iwanttoseesomeinterestingfilms. --(when)Walkinginthestreet,hesawoneofhisoldfriend.--Beingill,hestayedathome.--Havingfinishedtheletter,hepostedit. V-ing和V-ed的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分V-ingV-ed时态语态进行时过去主动被动V-ed的用法 如：adevelopedcountry/adevelopingcountryapollutedriver/asleepingbaby(1)作定语(2)作状语fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.SeeingSeen 1.MrBrownwantstobuyausedcar.2.What"sthelanguagespokeninGermany.3.Thepupilswillgettirediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch4.Imademyselfunderstoodeasily. 5.Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone.6.Heated,metalswillexpand.7.Seenthroughatelescope,thesunappearsdarkneartheedge. 例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves.这条马路被落叶所覆盖 1._______fromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.2._______fromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.SeeingSeen一.主语一致性的考察常见考点类型 3.Waitingforabus,_____.A.abrickfellonmyheadB.Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme.C.IwashitbyabrickontheheadD.IwashitbyabrickonmyheadC 二.一般式与完成式的考察_____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_______outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked 三.主动与被动的考察1.Doyouknowthetopic______________now?(discuss)2.Themissingboywaslastseen_________neartheriver.(play) 四.句子成分混淆1.Therearealotofstudentsareplantingtreesonthesmallhill.2.Helayonthegrass,andlookingatthesky.plantinglooking3.ThebookbelongstoMaryislost.belonging V-ing和V-ed用法归纳:V-ing作主语,v-ed不能作主语Usingcomputersisverycommoninourdailylife.2.V-ing作表语与v–ed分词作表语的区别Thestoryisinteresting.Thelittlegirlisinterestedinthestory.Thenewsisdisappointing.Hewasdisappointedtoheartheresult. Whentheboyswerewatchingtheexcitingfilm,theywereveryexcitedThestudentsareallmovedbythemovingstory.Whenshesawthesurprisingresult,shegaveusasurprisedlook. 区别:v-ing作表语时表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为”令人……”。v-ed做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到...”。 3.v-ing可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：Wemissedseeingthatfilmwhenitwasatthelocalcinema.Heoftenimaginesflying.Hedreamsaboutbeingadoctor 4.v-ing和v-ed作宾补时的区别:Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing.Isawhimplayingcard.Sheheardhersistersinginginherroom.MrLihasJimstandingoutsidethedoor. IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek.WeheardthissongsunginEnglish.NomatterhowItry,Ijustcan’tmakemyselfunderstoodbytheforeigner.V-ing用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事.V-ed用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况 5.v-ing和v-ed作定语时的区别:asingingbird.asleepingdogamancarryingababyastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsaswimmingpoolawritingdeskawoundedmonkeyabrokenchairboiledwaterasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnow 6.v-ing和v-ed作状语时的区别:Beingill,Ican’tgotowork.(原因)Seeingthehouseonfire,shecalled119(时间状语)Hesatonastone,readingabook(伴随性状语)Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedupwithjoy.(时间状语)Thehusbanddied,leavinghiswifethreedaughters.(结果状语) Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillageisverybeautiful.(时间状语)Cookedinaspecialway,thefishtastesVerynice.(原因状语)Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishthejob(条件状语)Thepresidententeredthehall,followedbyhisguards.(伴随性状语) 不定式(todo)的用法:可作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Itisverydifficultforhimtofinishthepaperinsuchashorttime. 1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性)Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．一次做两件事等于未做。Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)betodo结构表将来时:HeistomarryRose.可作表语 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染．Whatshewantstodomostnowistotravelabroad. 可作宾语1)Sherefusedtocomehere.后面用不定式作宾语即用v+todo…结构的常用动词有:afford（负担得起）,agree（同意））,appear（似乎，显得）,,expect（期望）fail（不能）,,happen（碰巧）,hope（希望）,intend（想要，打算）,learn（学习）,manage（设法）,plan（计划）,pretend（假装）promise（承诺，允许）,refuse（拒绝）,want（想要）wish（希望）…… Theybeggedtogowithus.他们恳求与我们同行。Youneedn"tbothertocomeyourself.不必劳驾你亲自过来。 2)有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。Theyareconsideringwhattodonext. Couldyoutellmewhethertogoforapicnic?你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？Mylittlesisterislearninghowtoreadandwrite.Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.Iwonderwheretogo.我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。我不知道去哪儿。 3)还可用it代替不定式作形式宾语．Findit+adj+todosthIfounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。 1)不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，nota，序数词(first,second,..)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。不定式可作定语: 2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.早上他有很多工作要做。Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支笔写字。（介词with不能省略） 3)不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtimetocatchthelastbus.我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant. 不定式可作宾语补足语:Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.动词不定式作宾语不足语时to要省略的动词有:1.感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,listento等;2.使役动词have,make,let 1)不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用inorderto，soasto引导的目的状语。Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.“为何召开这次特别会议？”“为了选举新的官员。”蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。“Toelectthenewofficers(officials).”“Whywasthespecialmeetingcalled?”不定式可作状语: 2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?请您从这边走好吗？我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Heisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnight 4)不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。Inordertobeagoodscientist,onemustunderstandmathematics.要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary. 3)不定式可作原因状语,常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.