2017高考英语语法复习系列第9讲 21页

状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例时间状语从句(通常用现在时表示将来的意义)when1.从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词2．when作并列连词＝andatthis/thattime，意为“那时，这时”；常用于下列句式：Whenthefirebrokeout，allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例时间状语从句(通常用现在时表示将来的意义)while1.从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词2．while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比，还可表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.FatherwaspreparingareportwhileIwasplayingPCGames.WhileIunderstandwhatyousay，Ican’tagreewithyou.as从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句谓语一般为延续性动词Theytalkedastheywalkedalongtheriver. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例时间状语从句(通常用现在时表示将来的意义)till与until1.当till/until所在句子的主句和从句都用肯定式时，主句的动词为延续性动词，此时till/until意为“一直到……为止”。如主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，此时主句的动词为非延续性动词，构成not...till/until结构，意为“直到……才”2．notuntil置于句首时主句要倒装3．强调句型中多用until。且对not...until句式中until引导的从句进行强调时，要将not与until放在一起进行强调4．till不可以置于句首，而until可以I’llstayheretill/untiltherainstops.Hedidn’tgohometill/untilhefinishedhishomework.NotuntilhepointeditoutdidIrealizemymistake.Itwasnotuntildarkthatwebegantogohome.UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例时间状语从句(通常用现在时表示将来的意义)before与since1.before本意为“在……之前”，还可引申为“还未……就……”“不到……就……”“直到……才……”2．Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……3．since意为“自从……以来”，“自从”，主句要用完成时。since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性的，则表示过去的动作或状态的结束；since从句中的谓语动词若是非延续性的，则表示动作的开始Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastyear. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例时间状语从句(通常用现在时表示将来的意义)assoonas；immediately；directly；instantly；themoment/minute；nosooner...than...；hardly/scarcely...when1.这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一……就……”2．nosooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when从句中谓语应用一般过去时。此外，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序ThemomentIsawit，Ifellinlovewithit.Herushedupstairsimmediatelyheheardaloudnoise.Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例时间状语从句(通常用现在时表示将来的意义)thefirsttime；everytime；bythetime；anytimebythetime引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用将来完成时或过去完成时ThefirsttimeIsawhim，hewasaschoolteacher.Bythetimehearrivedattheairport，theplanehadtakenoff. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例地点状语从句where；wherever；everywhere；nowhere1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前2．注意区分where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句。where引导的定语从句前面必须有一个表示地点的名词作先行词WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.(地点状语从句)Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.(定语从句) 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例原因状语从句because；since；as；for；now(that)；seeing(that)；considering(that)；inthat(由于，因为；在……这一点上)1.because，as，since/nowthat为从属连词，引导原因状语从句。because表示直接原因和理由，语气最强；回答why引导的问句；用于itis...that强调结构，可受just，only，merely，simply，chiefly，mainly等词修饰。since＝nowthat表示不言而喻的原因，语气较because弱，比as强。as表示理由显而易见，多前置，语气较弱2．for并列连词，表示推测或判断的理由，不能位于句首Hewaspunishedonlybecausehebrokethelaw.Since/As/Nowthateverybodyishere，let’sbeginourdiscussion.Hefinishedhistaskverywell，consideringthatitwasquitedifficult.Theoryisvaluableinthatitcanprovideadirectionforpractice.Hemustbeill，forheisabsenttoday. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例条件状语从句if；unless；so/aslongas；once；incase；onconditionthat；supposing(that)；suppose(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时You’llbelateagainunlessyouhurry.Iwilldoitonconditionthatyouhelpme.Incasethereisafire，whatwillwedofirst?Youcangooutaslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore8o’clock.Suppose/Supposing(that)yourfathersawyounow，whatwouldyousay？ 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例目的状语从句sothat；inorderthat；forfearthat；incase1.sothat/inorderthat引导的状语从句中需用情态动词can，could等2．inorderthat引导的从句可位于主句前或后，sothat引导的从句只能位于主句之后3．forfearthat(惟恐，以防)与incase所引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词有时也用should/might/could＋动词原形Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitshouldrain. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例结果状语从句sothat；so...that；such...that1.sothat引导结果状语从句时，一般不用情态动词can，could等2．在so...that...结构中，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词；而such...that...结构中，such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组。但so还可以与表示数量的many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配3．当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序Hedidn’tplanhistimewell，sothathedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.Hedrovesocarelesslythathealmostlosthislife.Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.＝Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.Hegotsolittlemoneythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfare.Sofastdidhewalkthatnoneofuswashisequal. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例让步状语从句although；though；as；evenif/though；whether...or(not)．..；while(尽管)；1.although与though引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用2．although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序，though在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序。as引导让步状语从句须用倒装，句型为：adj./adv./n.(一般不带冠词)/v.(原形)＋as＋主语＋谓语/系动词Although/Thoughsheworksveryhard，(yet)shemakesveryslowprogress.Childasheis，heknowsalot.I’veabitofcold.Itisnothingmuch，though.EvenifIwerebusy，Iwouldgo.Whetheryoubelieveitornot，itistrue. 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例让步状语从句疑问词＋ever/nomatter＋疑问词3．though还可作副词单独置于句末，意为“可是，不过”4．evenif/though从句中可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气5．whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句Youcantakewhateveryoulike.(宾语从句)Don’ttrusthim，nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.(让步状语从句) 状语从句类型及其从属连词要点归纳典句示例方式状语从句asif/though；as1.asif/though从句中若与事实相反，用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气2．asif/though还可引导表语从句Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif/thoughtheyneverexisted.Helooksasif/thoughhehadbeenhitbylightning.Youmustdoastheteachertellsyou.比较状语从句as...as...；notas/so...as...；than；thesameas等Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker.ItrainsmoreofteninShanghaithaninBeijing.Yourwatchisnotthesameasmine.