高中英语语法总复习系列之七特殊句式 6页

22高中英语语法总复习系列之七特殊句式（省略句倒装句强调句独立主格结构祈使句感叹句therebe句型）一、核心考点结构。1.特殊句式是指英语中用特殊表达形式，有独特的3.so代替名词性从句，以避免重复前面所说的内容，语法功能的一些句式，包括强调句、省略句、倒装句、感可以用于这类结构的动词有：think，believe，suppose，叹句、祈使句、反意疑问句、独立主格结构、therebe句expect，imagine，guess，hope等。如：Ithinkso.%Idon’tthinkso.型。这些句式的语法特征和使用方法是常考点，其中倒但动词为hope，guess时，否定回答只能说Ihopenot，不能装和强调两部分在考查中所占比例较大。说Idon’thopeso。2.注意考查语言知识之间的交叉现象，也就是说要二、结构省略加强语言形式和语法知识的综合考查，要求考生能够在1.动词不定式的省略语言实践中灵活运用各种句式，能够借助强调、倒装、感动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，可采用省略结叹、省略等手段恰如其分地表情达意，作出正确的选择构，但要保留to。和判断。2.状语从句的省略二、应试能力在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比较状语从句中，1.对各种特殊句式要进行专项练习，进行单纯的机如果谓语动词中含有be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主械记忆，更重要的是对简单句、并列句、复合句进行综合语是it时，则从句的主语和谓语部分可省略。如：if（itis）训练，对于各种句式的理解才是真正过手的关键，尤其possible，unless（youare）invited，while（theyare）building在知识之间出现交叉的语境中，更要注重理解句意，认thetunnel等。真对照，找出异同，才能融会贯通，去伪存真。3.疑问句及其省略回答2.收集一些典型例题来明晰高考的考查重点和规倒装句律，了解题目的立意方向和设问风格，做到知己知彼。通过分析例题，理解各种句式和强化记忆特殊表达方法。主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：要重点了解特殊句式所适用的语言环境，在特定的语言一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序；二是主语在谓语之环境中能熟练而准确地使用这些表达方式，为解答此类后则称为倒装语序。而倒装语序中又有全部倒装和部分试题打下坚实的基础，作好充分的准备。倒装两种情况。3.提高对句子类型的判断能力。是简单句，并列句一、全部倒装还是主从复合句；是强调句型，形式主语还是定语；是用谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是全部倒装部分倒装还是完全倒装……句。这类句型主要有两种：1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here，省略句there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，intheroom，at英语中的省略有两种：一是替代省略，即用其他词thefootofthehill等，置于句首。代替句子中重复或相同的部分；二是结构省略，即根据2.such置于句首时。语境需要，承前或承后省略句子中相同的某些句子成二、部分倒装分。只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词，系动词be或情态一、替代省略动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主1.用one，that，it替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词要有三种：或句子。one是指代同名称的另一样东西（同类异物），代1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首替前面句子中重复出现的可数名词；that替代特指可数时。或不可数名词，后面常跟有in或of短语作后置定语；it指2.否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，seldom等置于句首代同名称的同类事物（同类同物）。时。2.在两个分句中，当两者情况或意思完全相同，第3.六个重要的固定句型：二个分句用so，neither，nor引出时，出现省略现象和倒装（1）...so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语“……也是 23如此”。4.名词/主格代词+adv/介词短语（2）neither（nor）+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语Themeetingover（=Whenthemeetingwasover），we“……也不这样”。allwenthome.（3）so+adj/adv....that...如此……以致于……会议一结束，我们都回家了。（4）Neither...，nor...……不……，……也不……Theboygoestotheclassroom，bookinhand.（5）Notonly...，butalso...不仅……而且……那男孩手里拿着书，去了教室。（6）Notuntil...直到……才……5.with/without+名词/宾格代词+现分、过分、不定三、形式倒装式、副词、介词短语形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只Hetookoffhisshoesandwentupthestairswithout是把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构anystepsbeingheard.中要特别注意四个重要的句型：他脱了鞋，轻轻地走上楼，听不见一点儿脚步声。1.感叹句。Witheverybodyhere，let’sbeginourdiscussion.2.themore...，themore...句型。既然大家都到了，咱们开始讨论吧。3.whatever（however）+adj/adv.引导让步状语从句句Hewasreadinganewspaper，withhisbackagainst型。thewindow.4.as（though）引导的让步状语从句中，必须把所强他正背靠着窗户读报。调的信息放在句首。祈使句和感叹句强调句一、祈使句强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分1.否定式和强调式1.被强调部分为“人”时，可用who/that作连词。Pleasedon’tbesosure.请别如此肯定（否定式）。2.强调句的一般疑问句只需要把is/was提前。Docomeontimethisevening.3.它的特殊疑问句只需要在一般疑问句前加上特今晚一定要准时来（强调式）。殊疑问词。2.带主语的祈使句4.强调句也可以与情态动词连用，如：Itmightbe...Tom，youwatertheflowers!汤姆，你去浇花！that...;Itmusthavebeen...that...Someoneanswerthephone!谁去接一下电话！5.notuntil的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部Bequiet，everyone!大家静下来！分+that+其他成分。3.祈使句+and+陈述句；祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句独立主格结构Workhardandyouwillsucceed.努力干你会成功。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表Hurryup，orwe’llbelate.赶快，否则我们会迟到。示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有如4.祈使句的反意疑问句下几种：Lookatthepicture，willyou?看看这画，好吗？1.名词/主格代词+v-ingDon’tbelatenexttime，willyou?下次别迟到，行吗？Timepermitting（=Iftimepermits），wewillgoforanLet’sstartwiththesong，shallwe?outingtomorrow。咱们用这首歌来开始，好吗？如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。二、感叹句Itbeingrainyheavily（=Asitwasrainyheavily），Ihadto1.What+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语stayathome.2.How+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语由于下大雨，我只得呆在家里。3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语2.名词/主格代词+p.p.4.省略形式的感叹句Theproblemsolved（=Astheproblemsweresolved），Whataninterestingbook（itis）!（它是）多么有趣的书！thequalityhasbeenimproved.Whatfineweather，isn’tit!多好的天气啊，难道不好随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。吗！3.名词/主格代词+todotherebe句型Theysaidgood-byetoeachother，onetogohome，theothertogotothebookstore.1.therebe结构中的谓语动词be，可用半系动词他们道别后，一人回了家，另一人去了书店。live，lie，occur，remain，come，stand，exist等替换，表示Doasyouwouldbedoneby.己所不欲，勿施于人。 24存在状态。如:5.NeverinmywildestdreamsleadtoacareerinOnceuponatimetherelivedamonkinthetemple.theNBA，whichhasallowedmetogivebacktomy从前庙里住了一个和尚。peopleinAfrica.Thereliesalargetreeinfrontofouroffice.A.Ithoughtthechancewould在我们的办公室前立着一棵大树。B.Ithoughtwouldthechance2.therebe句型中的谓语动词be可以用seemtobe，C.didIthinkthechancewouldappeartobe，happentobe，islikelytobe，remaintobeD.didIthinkwouldthechance等替换。如：6.HardlythepapersonhisdeskwhenthedoorTherehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineintheburstopen.office.办公室里碰巧有我的一个老朋友。A.hecollectedB.hehadcollectedThereislikelytobesomethingwrongwithhisC.didhecollectD.hadhecollectedcomputer.他的电脑可能有问题。7.Wasitnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglasses3.therebe+名词+V-ing分词/V-ed/不定式thatshewasafamousfilmstar?Therearealwaysnewthingstobediscovered.A.didyourealiseB.yourealised总有新的事物有待发现。C.youhadrealisedD.hadyourealisedThereweremanypeoplewatchingthefootballmatch.8.yourhelpIwould’thaveachievedmygoal.有许多人在看电视。A.HaditnotbeenforB.Hadn’titbeenfor4.therebeno+动名词表示“不可能”，“没有办法”。C.WithoutforD.ButnotforThereisnotellingwhetherhewillcomeornot.9.Littleabouthisownsafety，thoughhewasin无法知道他是否会来。greatdangerhimself.5.therebe句型的非谓语形式A.doeshecareB.didhecareTherebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome.C.hecaresD.hecared（独立主格作状语）因为没有公交车，我们只得走回家。10.，heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.=Becausetherewerenobuses,...A.TryashedoesB.AshetriesWhatisthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisC.TryasdoesheD.Trydoesasheyear?今年选举的可能性有多大？（therebe的动名词形式11.Nowhereelseintheworldcheapertailoring作of的宾语）thaninHongKong.IexpecttheretobemanychancesforhimtogettheA.atouristcanfindB.canatouristfindjob.我期待他有许多机会得到那工作。（therebe的不定C.atouristwillfindD.atouristhasfound式结构作expect的复合宾语）12.ItJohnandMarywhohelpeduslastSunday.A.hasbeenB.are倒装句和强调句C.was%%D.were1.Hereandthere.13.Bynomeanstoourplanforthetrip.A.comesthebus;hegoesA.willsheagreeB.shewillagreeB.thebuscomes;goesheC.agreessheD.willagreesheC.doesthebuscome;doeshego14.—Theoldmanwouldn’tstayathomeforarestevenD.comesthebus;goesheifitrained.2.ItismymothertaughtIstudynow.—.HewouldfeelsickifhestayedathomeA.where;whereB.where;thatforoneday.C.there;where%D.that;thereA.sowouldmygrandpa3.AsyourspokenEnglishgetsbetter，soyourB.sowouldn’tmygrandpawrittenEnglish.C.NeitherwouldmygrandpaA.willB.doesD.NormygrandpawouldC.is%D.has15.Ireceivedhismother’stelephonecallateleven.4.—Skatingisjustamatterofpractice.thathewasbadlyhurtinanaccident—Yes，well，.yesterday.A.sodivingisB.sohasdivingA.ThendidIknowB.OnlythenIknewC.soisdivingD.sodivinghasC.OnlythendidIknowD.OnlythencanIknow 2516.Theyfinallymanagedtoclimbtothetop，but省略句、感叹句和反意疑问句then.A.wentthechildrendownthehill1.—Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.B.downthehilldidthechildrengo—，butwhocaredwhatIsaid?C.downthehillwentthechildrenA.SoIshouldhaveB.SooughtID.downthehillthechildrenwentC.SodidID.SodoI17.Ithinkthisisthefirsttimethatwehavemet.2.—Idon’timagineRussandhispoordoghadagoodanywhere.timeonthedesertedisland，?A.Beforehaveweneverseeneachother—Ihavenoidea.B.NeverbeforewehaveseeneachotherA.didn’tthey%%B.doyou%%C.EachotherhaveweseenneverbeforeC.didthey%%D.hadn’ttheyD.Neverbeforehaveweseeneachother3.—Doyouthinkitwillraintomorrow?18.Duringthewar，butalsohelosthiswifeand—，otherwisewecan’tgooutforapicnic.hischild.A.Ihopenot%%B.Yes，itwill%A.notwashisjobinthelabtakenawayC.Itdepends%%D.I’mnotsureB.notonlywashisjobinthelabtakenaway4.ThestudentsspentasmuchtimegettingtrainedasC.notonlyhisjobinthelabwastakenawaytheystudying.A.do%%B.were%%C.had%D.didD.notonlywastakenawayhisjobinthelab5.—Whowantsarideonmybike?19.Helistenedsocarefullythatnotasingleword.%—.A.hemissedB.didhemissA.Notme%%B.Neitherme%%C.henevermissedD.didhenevermissC.Ifme%%D.Unlessme20.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefood6.—Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftthehousewithoutisterrible!turningoffthegas.—.—MyGod!．A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIA.SoIwasB.SowasIC.SamewithmeD.SodoIC.SodidID.SoIdid21.—Father，youpromised!7.—Youdidn’tgethurtatallinthetrafficaccident?—Well，.Butitwasyouwhodidn’tkeepyour—.Iwasaluckydog.wordfirst.A.NoproblemB.Idon’tthinksoA.sowasI%%B.sodidI%%C.I’mafraidnotD.GoodHeavensC.soIwas%%D.soIdid8.Ourchemistryteachernevertoldustheexperimentwas22.ItiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousaytobedoneinRoom110，?matters.A.didhe%%B.didn’the%%A.that%%B.what%%C.wasit%%D.won’titC.which%D.this9.Whatalovelyday,?23.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittleA.doesn’titB.isn’tittheyknowaboutGerman.C.hasn’titD.won’titA.have%%B.did%%10.You’dbettercometomorrow，?C.had%%D.doA.didn’tyou%%B.couldn’tyou%%24.Inthedarkforests，somelargeenoughtoholdC.hadn’tyou%%D.wouldn’tyouseveralEnglishtowns.11.DrBlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCarmbridge，IA.standmanylakesB.liemanylakescan’tremember.C.manylakeslieD.manylakesstandA.where%%B.it25.%—thathemanagedtogettheinformation?C.which%%D.one—Oh，afriendofhishelpedhim.12.—ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinA.WherewasitB.Whatwasitthelibrary?C.HowwasitD.Whywasit—Thereareonlyafew.Doingisbetterthansaying.与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 26A.ifmayB.ifhave25.—Whatsportdoyoulikebest?C.ifsomeD.ifhas—Springboarddiving（跳板跳水）.todive13.—Yououghttostayuplatetonight，you?intowaterfromhighboard!—Yes，I’vegottoomuchhomework.A.WhatafunisitB.HowfunitisA.can’tB.shouldn’tC.HowafunisitD.WhatfunitisC.mustn’tD.won’t26.forustosurfontheseainsummer!14.Thereusedtobeachurchinthesmalltown，A.WhatexcitingisitB.Howexcitingisit?C.WhatexcitingitisD.HowexcitingitisA.usedthereB.usedn’tthere27.—I’llgotoKoreatowatchthe14thAsianGames.C.useditD.usedn’titWouldyoumindlookingaftermydog?15.—Sheisn’tyourneighbour，isshe?—Natatall，.—.A.Ican’tB.Pleasedon’tA.Yes，sheisn’tB.No，sheisC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappytoC.Yes，sheisD.No，isn’tshe28.Noonecanstopusfromgoingthere，?16.—tobeaPLAsoldierwhenIwasyoung.A.can’titB.canthey—Andnowyouare.C.can’ttheyD.canoneA.HowIwantedB.HowdidIwant29.Shecouldhardlybelieveit，?C.WhatIwantedD.WhatdidIwantA.couldn’tsheB.couldshe17.—Excuseme，haveyougotalight?C.didn’tsheD.canshe—.Idon’tsmoke.30.Johnmustbeinthechemistrycab，?A.Don’tmentionitB.NevermindA.mustn’theB.needn’theC.I’mafraidnotD.ThanksalotC.isn’theD.shouldn’the18.Haveyougotafreeeveningnextweek?,独立主格结构和并列句Let’shavedinner.A.WhilesoB.Sinceso1.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse，withtheC.WhensoD.Ifsoaudienceonbenches，chairsorboxes.19.—HowdoyoufindthetalkgivenbyMr.Smith?A.havingseatedB.seating—.C.seatedD.havingbeenseatedA.VerywellB.Excited2.beingSunday，theilbrarywasclosed.C.BoringD.NotatallA.ThatB.Itwas20.HadIknownthatairconditionerscausesomuchC.ItD.Aspollution，Iwouldneverhavebought.3.Withsomanyeyesonher，shefeltabitnervous.A.one%B.that%%A.lookingB.staringC.those%%D.itC.glaringD.fixed21.Hemusthavetoldyouaboutitlastnight，?4.Noneofthemhadexpectedthemiddle-agedengineerA.mustn’theB.hasn’thediedhisdesignuncompleted.C.haven’theD.didn’theA.withB.from22.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate，?C.withoutD.ofA.hasn’theB.isn’the5.StopmakingsomuchnoisetheneighborwillC.isn’titD.hasn’titstartcomplaining.23.IfIamnotmistaken，youusedtocookyourownfood，A.orelseB.butstillyou?C.andthenD.sothatA.doyouB.don’tyou6.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult，C.didyouD.didn’tyouheislikelytosmileandreachouttoanotherbaby.24.—Doyoulockthedoor?A.andB.or—No，I，butIforgot.C.soD.butA.shouldB.musthave7.morethan3000languagesintheworld.C.mustD.shouldhaveA.TherearethoughttobeB.Thereisthoughttobe 27C.TheyarethoughttobeD.Itisthoughttobethecorrectanswer.8.，andtheproblemwouldbestraightenedout.A.BeingaskedB.HavingbeenaskedA.AbitmoreeffortC.HewouldaskD.HehadbeenaskedB.Havingalittleeffort20.—Idon’tlikechickenfish.C.Ifyouhaveabitmoreeffort—Idon’tlikechicken，Ilikefishverymuch.D.TherebeingalittleeffortA.and;andB.and;but9.manytimes，buthestillmadethesamemistake.C.or;butD.or;andA.Havingbeentold21.isnodoubtthatTaiwanispartofChina.B.HehadbeentoldA.ItB.ThereC.BeingtoldC.ThatD.ThisD.Thoughhehadbeentold22.，Ihadtoturntomyparentsforhelp.10.Don’tstandbythegate，youcomeinA.Therewasnomoneyleftyougoouttoplay.B.IhadnotmoneyleftA.either;orB.neither;norC.TherebeingnomoneyC.notonly;butalsoD.not;butD.Ihavingnomoneyleft11.Fiveminutesearlier，youcouldhavemet23.MostoftheEuropeansrefusetoacceptGMfoodMaryWhiteattheparty.AmericansregarditasthefruitfromhighA.butB.andtech.C.otherwiseD.thereforeA.whenB.as12.thechiefengineer，soheknowsexactlywhatC.whileD.andtodo.24.theysawinthestreet?A.BeingB.AsA.WhodoyouthinkB.DoyouthinkwhoC.HavingbeenD.HeisC.WhoyouthinkD.Doyouthinkwhere13.—Iwillnottakeanumbrellawithmetoday.25.noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagain.—itrainslater?Ithasalreadybeensettled.A.HowB.WhatA.IthasB.TherehasC.HowaboutD.WhatifC.ItisD.Thereis14.Doyouexpecttobeapossibilitythatwe26.isnotnecessaryforyoutohavetoldhershallbeabletoaffordthecarweneed?aboutthebadnews.A.itB.thereA.ThereB.ItC.thatD.oneC.ThatD.This15.—Wereallthepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?27.Thereinthegardenatreeaboutfortyfeet—No，onlytwopersonswhogothurt.high.A.itwereB.thereareA.wereB.livedC.therewasD.itwasC.stoodD.lay16.helpifyoucan，andourcountrywillimprove28.LiFangisverybusy，she’salwayshelpingmorequicklyandbecomebetter.otherswiththeirlessons.A.GivingB.GiveA.butB.althoughC.GivenD.TogiveC.soD.for17.Whatthemansaidsoundunbelievable，it29.Wewereswimminginthelakesuddenlytheistrue.stormstarted.A.yetandB.andyetA.whenB.whileC.andbutD.butandC.untilD.before18.Thereisplentyofraininthesouththereis30.GoingtoBankofChinabrancheswasanotherwaytolittleinthenorth.gettheBeijingOlympicstickets，fortuneA.whileB.asfavoredonlyafewearlybirds.C.whenD.soA.ifB.even19.severaltimesaboutit，buthecouldnotgiveC.butD.onceDonothingbyhalves.凡事不可半途而废。