英语语法大全之定语 3 15页

济南沃尔得国际英语B．用在名词后的限制性定语有8种不同类型的限制性定语需要放在它们所修饰的名词的后面。11．一串形容词，或有自己修饰语的形容词一串形容词或有自己修饰语的形容词需要放在它们所修饰的名词后面，因为它们比较长：Hehadaremarkablecharacter，cold，oddandproud（比acold，odd，andproudremarkablecharacter更自然）．Thisartist，haggard，poorbutresolute，willnotliveoncharity．Lilyisadog，intelligentandactive，obedientandgentle．Itisaroad，dusty，wet，ruggedbutexciting．（形容词＋形容词＋形容词）Heisakindmanandalearned（akindandlearnedman较常见）．Hekeepsablackdogandawhite．Theyarekindmenandlearned．Hekeepssomeblackdogsandwhite．Theyadvocatefreespeechandfearless．（书面语）Hehasatemperextremelydangerous（oranextremelydangeroustemper）．Itisamethodwonderfullyefficient．Nearbyisajungleterriblywild．（副词＋形容词）Itisaproblemthemostdifficult．InthissmallcountrythereisacitythebusiestIeversaw．Iamsorryhediditinawaytheleastunderstandable．Ibelievepainevertheseverestcanberelieved．（the＋最高级形容词）Heisinastatesimilar（orasimilarstate）tomine．Itisaconditionunfavourabletotheenterprise．Heisnotamanashamedofhisfolly．Thatisanopinioncontrarytomine．Amanoftenforgetfulofhispromisewillneversucceed．HeisinterestedincustomspeculiartoJapanese．Thatisaplacefamousforitssausages．（形容词＋介词短语）也可以说：Itisanunfavourableconditiontotheenterprise．Thatisacontraryopiniontomine．但不可以说：Heisnotanashamedmanofhisfolly．Heisawritereightyyearsold．Thereisinthisprovincearoadfivehundredmileslong．Weswaminarivertwentyfeetdeep．Itisamountainover3000feethigh．（数词＋名词＋形容词）Heisaboyanxioustolearn．Heisamanreadytodieforjustice．Amanafraidtomakeenemiesisamanafraidtomakefriends．Ilikebookseasyto1www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语digest．Itisasituationtoogravetosave．Thisisabookgoodenoughtoteachusmorals．（形容词＋不定式）12．特殊组合中的单个形容词单个形容词一般不能用在所修饰的名词后面，但在下面这类特殊组合中可以用在名词后面。a．用来表示强调、庄严口吻、或对比的形容词：MayIhelpyou，Liliandear？Iloveyou，myladysweet．Isalifedeathlesspossible？Ourlifeontheislandisjoyeternal．Theyadvocateloveinviolate．IbelieveinGodOmmipresent．LordParamountwillgivethefinaljudgement．Heisadevilincarnate．Heismoreinterestedinmistakespastthaninimprovementfuture．Moneyunspentismoneyuseless．b．用在things，matters或something这类词后的形容词：Heneglectsthingstemporal．Idonotlikematters（oraffairs）political．Thereissomething（ornothing，every-thing）interestingintheshow．c．以-able或-ible结尾的形容词（在名词前可能有最高级，only，main等词）：Itisthegreatestnovelimaginable．Weuseeverymeansconceivable．Thatistheonly（ormain，chief，principal）vehicleavailableinthisarea．Thatisthebestmethodpossible（orthebestpossiblemethod）．Inthisdesertthisistheonlyherbedible．Ithinkthatisthelastcitydefensible．Therearethievesuncountable（＝thatcannotbecounted）．Thereisagulfimpassable．Hehasgonethroughtormentsinexpressible（＝thatcannotbeexpressed）．（但suitable，seasonable，reasonable及类似的词不能用在所修饰名词的后面，因为它们没有“thatcanbesuited”，“thatcanbeseasoned”这类意思。）d．用来代替序数词的基数词：ChapterFour＝thefourthchapter．BookFive＝thefifthbook2www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语ClassTwo＝thesecondclassNumberFive＝thefifthRoom152；page636；PrisonerNo．1689．e．用在“like，as或with＋名词”后的形容词：Helayonthegroundlike（oras）amandead．Helaughedandcriedlike（oras）amancrazy．Hegreetedmewithhisarmsopen．Hearrivedhomewithhispocketsempty．Heconfessedhisguiltwithhisfacepale．f．起补语作用的形容词：Theonlymanalive（=thatisalive）isJohn．Therewasnobodyawaketodiscovertheburglary．Johnalonecandonothingforanyone．Thereisarumourafloat．g．用在专有名词后构成头衔的形容词：AlexandertheGreat．HenrytheEighth，RichardtheLionhearted，CharlestheBald，MacCarthytheolder，JohntheShort．h．法律名词（来自法语）里的形容词：TheConsulGeneral，theGovernorGeneral，theAttorneyGeneral，thepresidentelect，thebishopelect（ordesignate），thePrinceRegent（orroyal），theenvoyextraordinary，aknighterrant，theheirapparent（orpresumptive），thebrideelect，thenotarypublic，thepoetlaureate，thelordstemporal（orspiritual），thecourtmartial；thepricecurrent，therightdivine，feesimple，hissignmanual．13．地点或时间副词thehouseopposite，thestatementbelow，peopleinside，thebridgethere（orhere），Heavenabove，ahotelhardby，atripnorth，ourlifeabroad，thedistanceacross，16feetsquare，adayoff（duty），aneveningoff，thestudentoffforschool（orhomefromschool），rentsdowntown，theonlyhousearoundformiles．inJanuarynext（orlast），onFridaynext（orlast），onthedayfollowing（orfollowingday），intimepast，from（orsince）time3www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语immemorial，inyearsgoneby，manynightsprevious（=ago，before），onadaycertain（=fixed），thetrendnow，theworldtodayandtomorrow．14．介词短语a．介词＋名词·名词＋［of＋名词］=形容词＋名词：Heisamanofhonour（=honourableman），amanoffortune（orcharacter，fashion，sense，letters，parts，fewwords）．Thisisanactofcowardice（=cowardlyact），amountainofgreatheight（=veryhighmountain），amatterofnoimportance（=unimportantmatter），achildwithouthome（=homelesschild）．·名词＋［介词＋名词］＝名词＋定语从句：Doyouseethemanatthedoor（=whoisatthedoor）？Passmethebookonthedesk（＝whichisonthedesk）．Iwenttotheshopoppositethepostoffice．Sheisagirlwithcurlyhair．Itisarumourwithoutfoundation．·［名词＋介词］＋名词（参阅1243）：Heisaspecialistinchestdiseases（Hespecializesinchestdiseases）．Heranxietyaboutyoursafetyisunnecessary（Sheisveryanxiousaboutyoursafety）．Heexpresseddissatisfactionwithmywork．Hetookdelightinthestudyofdogs．Therewasanattemptonhislife．·名词＋［介词＋名词］（参阅1243）：Fruitsinseasonaredeliciousandcheap．Ideasbehindthetimesshouldbethrownaway．Thepersoninchargewasout．Wecan"tletgothevictorywithinourgrasp．Anyoneinthewrongmustsaysorry．·有时介词可以省略：Heisaboy（of）yourage．Shewearsshoes（of）thesizeofmine．Idon"tlikeahousesuchacolour．Haveyoueverseenaseaanimaltheshapeofahorse？Hehasacaralightgreen．Shecaughtafishgreaterweightthanmine．Heboughtabikethesamepriceasmine．b．介词＋动名词4www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语1）about＋动名词：Hehasnothoughtaboutgettingmarriedagainafterhiswifedied．Heisundernoeasinessaboutmakingthesemistakes．ThereshouldbenotroubleabouttravellinginEuropeandAsia．Hegavethemalectureaboutsmoking，drinkingandgambling．Healwaysremembershisdreamaboutbecomingrich．Hehasforgottenhispromiseaboutpaintingmyportrait．Itseemsaproposalaboutbuildingabridgehasbeenmade．2）at＋动名词：Heexpressedconcernathearingthenews．YoucaneasilyimagineherdisappointmentatnothavingreceivedAlexander"sinvitation．Icouldseehisgladnessatfindingmostofhislostmoney．Herpride（orsatisfaction，plea-sure，happiness）atmeetingJohnagainwasinexpressible．Hisvexation（ordespair，shyness，surprise，astonishment，sorrow，regret）atseeingthisfoolishthingcanbeimagined．（at多用在表示情绪的抽象名词后面）3）for＋动名词：Thereasonfordoingitisobvious．Hisreputationforaidingthepoorpeopleisever-increasing．Thereisnomedicineforcuringfools．Hecanfindmanypretexts（orexcuses）forplyingtruant．后面可跟有“for＋动名词”的名词有：alarm，apology，capacity，compensation，craze，excuse，facility，forgiveness，gratitude，ground，instrument，method，motive，necessity，opportunity，pardon，passion，predilection，procedure，provision，reason，responsibility，scope，taste4）in＋名词：Hedoesnotknowmypleasure（orinterest，experience，skill）inmakingbird-cages（orinplayingmahjong）．Hehasashare（ornoscruple，nohesitation）indoingthisdirtybusiness（orinviolatingsomanywomen）．Icannotunderstandhisobstinacyinavoidingdoctors．Heknowsthedifficultyinconvincingthosehardheadedpeople．5）of＋动名词：Thedutyoflookingafterthehousebelongstome．Thehonourofwinningthewargiveshimcourage．Thepurposeofeducatingchildrenshouldalwaysbe5www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语keptinmind．Thecustomofworshippingancestorsisprevalentamongthesepeople．Doyouknowthemethodofmakingpaper？Hehasahabitofsleepingstillnoon．Isthisapictureofyourdrawing（＝drawnbyyou）？Itisaprofessionofmyownchoosing（=chosenbymyself）．后面可跟“of＋动名词”的名词还有：chance，consequence，cost，danger，dream，hope，idea，importance，intention，knack，means，necessity，need，object，opportunity，plan，possibility，power，priviledge，probability，process，question，responsibility，right，risk，way在所有介词中，of（还有for）似乎是用在动名词前最多的介词。不过有时可用不定式表示类似意思，试比较下面句子：Thepracticeofeatinghorsefleshisverycommon．Thepracticeofthenorthernerstoeathorsefleshisverycommon．Themethodofconvincingthemwaswonderful．Themethodofthosepreacherstoconvincethemwaswonder-ful6）to＋动名词：Hisobjectiontousingnuclearbombsispraiseworthy．Hehaspretensiontoknowingeverything．Hisrepugnancetospeakingwithwomenastonishesme．Hehas（astrong）aversiontospeakingthetruth．后面可跟有“to＋动名词”的名词还有：approach，disinclination，dislike，incentive，introduction，obstacle，opposition，prelude，resistance，similarity，stimulus，objection．c．介词＋不定式：Heisabouttogo．Therewasnootherwayoutthandie．Hehasnotanythingtodoexceptgamble．（在所有介词中只有about，than，except，but后可用不定式，而且多为不带to的不定式。）d．介词＋疑问词引起的不定式：6www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Theknowledgeofhowtomakeitwasasecret．Iamindoubt（aboutorasto）whethertogoornot．TheproblemofhowtomasterEnglishworriedhim．Hehasagoodideaabouthowtowinawoman"sheart．e．介词＋疑问词引起的从句：Iamindoubt（aboutorasto）whetherIshouldgo．Therewasnonewsabout（orasto，concerning）whenhewillreturn．Canyougivemeanyinformationabout（orasto，concerning）howwecanwin．Ihadnoidea（of）whyshecried．Theproblem（of）wherewearetogoisstillbeingdiscussed．ThequestionpuzzleduswhetherweweretostartonJanuary28．Ican"tunderstandhisspeechonhowwecanconquerourselves．Hehasnotinterestinwhatyouaredoing．Hisaccountofhowthewarwasfoughtisdramatic．（在这类句子中介词常常省略）15．分词现在分词可起定语从句的作用：Themandriving（=whowasdriving）thelorrywasdrunk．Thewomanholding（=whoisholding）ababyinherarmsismyaunt．Doyouseethegentlemanstandingthere？（相当于进行时态所表示的正在进行的动作）Anyonedriving（=whodrives）alorrymustfirstgetapermit．Amanliving（=wholives）intownrarelyseescows．Agirlstudyinghardwillgetagoodhusband．（相当于一般时态所表示的任何时候都能发生的动作）Thecityasappearing（=asitappears）tothetouristsisratherqueer．Thenurseasattendingmewastooold．但：Imustfindoutthechildwhobrokemydoor（而不是breakingmydoor）．（作定语的现在分词和谓语动词必须表示相同的时间，否则只能用定语从句，不能用现在分词。）7www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语过去分词也可以起定语从句的作用：Thepeopleinvolved（=whowereinvolved）wouldbepunishedThisisaletterwritten（=whichiswritten）inGerman．Amansatisfied（=whoissatisfied）withhislotishappy．Therearemanypeoplebeingstarvedtodeath．（和现在分词不同，使用过去分词时可以不考虑时间。）Itisabedroomseldomsleptin．Itisaquestionneverpaidattentionto．Itisanaccidentunthoughtof．Apennysaved（=whichhasbeensaved）isapennygained．Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard．（单个的分词也可放在后面，这时只是为了强调或对比。）Thecityasdescribed（=asitisdescribed）bythetravellersisratherqueer．TheabilityasdisplayedbyAsiansisnotinferior．Agreatmanasknowntothepublicisentirelydifferentfromoneasknowntohisservant．16．不定式在作定语时，不定式常常相当于一个包含某个情态助动词的定语从句：Thereisarivertocross（＝whichwemustcross）．Wehavealotofworktodo（=whichwemustdo）．Thereisasickmantolookafter（=whomweshouldlookafter）．Therearemanymiserablepeopletohelp（=whomweshouldhelp）．Therearemanyhousestorent（=whichwemayrent）．Atthepartythereweremanythingstoeat（=whichyoumayeat）．Iwantamantoteach（=whocanteach）grammar．Istherenobodytoend（=whocanend）allthetroublesofthisworld？8www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heisthemantotell（=whowilltell）thetruth．Iamnotthemantobear（=whowouldbear）thisinsult．作定语的不定式所修饰的名词（亦可称主体词）和这个不定式有固定的关系。这名词可能是a．不定式意义上的主语；b．及物动词不定式意义上的宾语；c．以介词结尾的不定式短语的意义上的宾语；d．不定式所表示动作的时间、地点或方式；或是e．一个跟有作同位语的不定式的主体词。a．Heistheman（意义上的主语）toencourageyou（=whocanencourageyou）．Thereisno-one（意义上的主语）tocome（=whocancome）Hehassomefriends（意义上的主语）tosupporthim（=whowillsupporthim）．1593b．Moneyissomething（意义上的宾语）tospend（=whichweshouldspend）．Hehasadozenofchildren（意义上的宾语）tofeed（=whomhemustfeed）．Hehasafamouslawyer（意义上的宾语）toconsult（=whomhemayconsult）．c．Johnisthemanager（意义上的宾语）toapplyto（=towhomyoumayapply=whomyoumayapplyto）．Wehavenoguns（意义上的宾语）tofightwith（=withwhichwecanfight）．Thisisnotamattertogrumbleabout．Ican"tthinkofabettersubjecttowriteon．Hehadnotastone（意义上的宾语）tolayhisheadon（=onwhichhemightlayhishead）．Thereisnothing（意义上的宾语）tomakeafussabout（＝whichweshouldmakeafussabout）．d．Thisisthe“time”tostart（=whenwemuststart）．9www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Thisisnotanice“place”tomakelove（=wherepeopleshouldmakelove）．Isthisthe“way”totreatyourgoodfriend（=inwhichyoushouldtreatyourgoodfriend）？（在time，place和way这几个词后面，不定式相当于一个由关系副词引起的定语从句。）e．下面有4类用作主体词的抽象名词，表示有广泛意义的动作，而它后面的不定式则作同位语，表示这个动作的具体内容（参阅1137）：1）Anotherattempt（主体词）toclimbthemountain（作同位语的不定式）（=anotherattempt，thatis，toclimbthemountain）willbemade．（Cf．Theywillattempttoclimb．）TheywelcomedthePrimeMinister"sdecision（主体词）toresign（同位语）（=PrimeMinister"sdecision，thatis，toresign）．（Cf．Hedecidedtoresign．）Alexander"sdesiretopleasehermotherisobvious．Thechildexpressedawishtoearnhisownliving．Hekepthispromisetowritetome．Hisrefusal（orfailure）tohelpisdisappointing．（第一类名词可以从“S＋TV＋I”句型中的及物动词转变过来。其他这类名词有：claim，consent，determination，need，proposal，resolution，struggle，tendency，threat．）2）Aninvitation（主体词）toattendthelecture（同位语）（=Aninvitation，thatis，toattendthelecture）hasbeenextended．（Cf．Someonehasinvitedsomeoneelsetoattendthelecture．）Hehasgivenmepermission（orleave）tousehislibrary．（Cf．Hehaspermittedmetousehislibrary．）Thetemptationtoeatitisirresistible．Theordertomobilizethecountryhasbeenissued．Thisdoesnotimplytheobligationtopayanything．（这类名词由用在“S＋FV＋N＋I”句型中的宾补动词转变过来。）10www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语3）Icanseehisambition（主体词）tobesomebody（同位语）（=hisambition，thatis，tobesomebody）．（Cf．Heisambitioustobesomebody．）Iknowhisabilitytomeetthecrisis．（Cf．Heisabletomeetthecrisis．）Hiscuriositytoknowthesecretisirresistible．Idoknowhiscompetence（orimpatience，eagerness，disposition，inclination，willingness，reluctance）todoit．（第三类名词由用在“S＋LV．A＋I”句型中的形容词转变过来）4）Theopportunity（主体词）togotocollege（不定式作同位语）（=Theopportunity，thatis，togotocollege）isnotopentoeveryone．Hehasthepowertocontrolourthought．Ihadthehonourtodancewithher．Hehastheknacktocrylikeanykindofanimal．（第四类名词不是由其它词类转变过来的，它们自身就可以跟有用作定语的不定式。）很多抽象名词不仅可跟有不定式，还可跟有“of＋动名词”或“for＋动名词”，意义和不定式基本相同：Thisisthebestwaytomake（orformaking）friends．Isuspecthisschemetokill（orforkilling）her．Hehastheauthoritytohandle（orforhandling）thismatter．Hemadearrangements（ofmadepreparations，tookmeasures）topro－mote（orforpromoting）industries．Hefeltnoanxietytoplease（orforpleasing）hisboss．Heisnotinthemoodtolisten（orforlistening）toseriousmusic．不定式意义上的主语可以从句子的主语或宾语推想出，如：Ihaveanoveltoread（=whichImayread）．Shegavehimbreadtoeat（=whichhemighteat）．有时看不出意义上的主语是谁，如：Musicisagoodsubjecttostudy．这时意义上的主语可以是一般人，或是读者可以猜出的人。否则，需用“for＋名词”（称为不定式意义上的主语）来说明，如：MusicisagoodsubjectforJohntostudy（=whichJohnshouldstudy）：HeisausefulmanforLeotoknow（=whomLeoshouldknow）．Itseemsagoodinstrumentforacarpentertouse（=whichacarpentershoulduse．）Heisanunsatisfactorymanforanybodytotravelwith．Thereisstillonemoreriverfortravellerstogoacross．（这里带意义上的主语的不定式，在语法上相当于一个由关系代词whom或which引起的定语从句。）11www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语The“time（or“hour”）forustoact（=whenweshouldact）hascome．Thisisthe“day”forourhousetobecleaned．Some“space”forchildrentoplay（＝wherechildrencanplay）isnecessary．Canwefinda“place”tolivepeacefully（＝wherewecanlivepeacefully）？Thisisthebest“way”totreatthoserascals（=inwhichyoumusttreatthoserascals）．（在time，place，way或类似词后，带意义上的主语的不定式相当于一个由关系副词引起的定语从句。）The“appeal”forallchildrentobeeducated（=thatallchildrenshouldbeeducated）isbeingmade．The“plan”foreverycitizentoknowatleasttwothousandwords（=thateverycitizenshouldknow，etc．）hasbeenputintopractice．The“demand”formorericetobeimportedwillbeconsidered．The“arrangements”forallthememberstogatheratthestationareknowntoonlyafew．（在plan，request和一些其他抽象名词后，带意义上主语的不定式相当于一个由连词that引起的同位语从句。）不定式前的主体词用在动词be及have后时的情况最多（参阅1137）：Heisnotamantotell（＝whowouldtell）alie．Itisasighttogladden（=whichwillgladden）everyone"sheart．Therearemanystorestosupply（=whichcansupply）uswithfood．Thereisnotimetolose（＝thatweshouldlose）．Hehasmanythingstodo．Ihavesomenewstotellyou．Hehadthegoodness（orthekindness）（=waskindenough）tohelpme，hadnottheheart（ortheconscience）（=wasnothard－heartedenough）toabandonher，hadtheconfidence（orthecourage）（=wasconfidentorbraveenough）toshouldertheresponsibility，hadtheface（ortheimpudence）toaskformoney，hadthemisfortunetolosehisparents，hadthegoodlucktofindit，hadthefollytomarrysuchawoman，hadnocause（ornooccasion）tofeelashamed，hadaweaknesstodrink，hadagoodmind（=waseager）togoabroad．Thishas（orhasgot，is）nothing（orsomething）todowiththat（=Thisisinnoway［orinsomeway］connectedwiththat）．Hasthisanythingtodowiththat？Helikesany－thing（thathas）todowith（=anythingconcerning）politics．Everything（thathas）todowithsportsinterestshim．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Shehasaprettynoseandaprettymouthtomatch．Alsoshewearsabluedressand（orwith）abonnettomatch．这类主体词当然也可放在其他位置：Theman（作主语）tocomeisJohn．Themedicinetocurethepatientispenicillin．ThebridetobeisMary．Heforgetsthedebt（作及物动词forgets的宾语）topay．Hehastofaceaproblemtobesettledatonce．Hesent（orgave，offered，brought）memanybooks（作双宾动词的直接宾语）toread．Hewillgowithsomepolicemen（作介词的宾语）toescorthim．Hemerelybowedhishead，withnothingtosay，ashewasamanoffewwords．Iamlookingforsomeonetogowithme，Ican"tgoalone．Hethoughtofthepromisetokeep，butcouldhekeepit？Heisreadyforthecrisistocome．Hewillberememberedinagestocome．17．同位语有4种形式的同位语：a．名词同位语：LordHalifax，DoctorRead，andMrs．Whitestonewerepresent．FarmerJohnson，teacherwilliamJenkins，actorJohnMatthewsweresomeofhisfriends．其它例子：themothergoose，thebabyseal，atoygun，amessengerboy，theriverThames，mybrotherCharles，herhusbandDennisKennedythestateofCalifornia，thecityofGuangzhou，thedistanceoftwohundredmilesIspoketothewomannomoremywife．Makegooduseofthingsyetyours．Headmittedthefaultnothisown．Ihaveahopealmostadream．13www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语b．动名词同位语：Theproblemofdivorcinghiswifeworriedhim．Hewasdisappointedinhisplanofearningtenthousanddollarsamonth．Thistaskofunifyingallpoliticalgroupsisafruitlessattempt．（动名词前要加of）c．不定式同位语：Hisaspirationtobecomeanengineerwillsucceed．Ihavethehonourtodinewithher．Thetroubletoalwayshearone"swifegrumblingisnotasmallone．d．同位语从句：Thethoughtthatshewouldbeseparatedfromherhusbandsaddenedher．Therulethateverybodyshouldpaythefeewasstrictlyobserved．Ididnotrealizethefactthatthearticlesaredifficulttolearn．Thenewsthathersonhadbeenkilledwasagreatshock．Heexpressedthewishthatshewouldbewellagain．Therecanbenodoubtthatheisintelligent．Thereislittleprobabilitythathewillsucceed．Isthereanylikelihood（orpossibility）thathewillbepromoted？Isthereanycertaintythatyouwillgetmarried？Canyoufindoutanyevidence（orproofs）thathehadmurderedhisuncle？Rumoursthathewouldresignamazedeverybody．Somethingmustbedoneinviewofthefactthatthesituationhasbecomecritical．Anorderwasissuedthatallshouldstayathomeafterdusk．Nobodycanunderstandthemysterywhyhewasmurdered．Thequestion—whenwehaveenoughfood？—isnoteasytoanswer．18．关系（或定语）从句由关系代词或关系副词引起的从句，修饰它前面的名词：Heisthemanwhoteachesus．Heistheman（whom）Ihavebeenlookingfor．Heisthemanwhosebrothercalledonmeyesterday．Heisnotthemanhewas．SheisMrs．Wangthatwas（orthatistobe）．14www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Itisthebookwhichinterestsme．（可用that代替which）Itisthebook（which）Iwant．Itisthebook（which）Ihavebeenlookingfor．ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecome（不要用come）here．Itisthefourthappleyouhaveeaten．Thatwasthesixthboyyouhadconsideredforahusband．Iwantthesamebookasyouread．Iwantthesamebookthatyouread．Thereisnochildbutlikeshim．Itisnoteveryboy（who）cangetsuchachance．ItisnotI（that）lettherascalin．Thereisaman（who）wantsyou．Hereissomemoney（which）willsatisfyyourneed．Thisistheplacewhere（=inwhich）westudy．Itistheseasonwhen（=inwhich）themangoisin．Thereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedidnotcomeisnotclear．15www.jnworld.cn