英语语法总复习虚拟语气 60页

WelcometomyclassRevision虚拟语气（一）TheSubjunctiveMood银川一中朱俊英宁夏电信网络视频课堂 一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhasn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebell宁夏电信网络视频课堂rings. 虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 (TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望,怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.条件句表示主句的条件,分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。宁夏电信网络视频课堂 真实条件句e.g.1.Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.2.MyfathertoldmeifIworkedhardhewouldbuymeaspecialgift.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件从句If从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实动词过去式(或should/would相反were)/could/might+动词原形与过去事实should/would/could相反had+过去分词/might+have+过去分词与将来事实1.should+动词原形should/would/could/相反2.动词过去式might+动词原形宁夏电信网络视频课堂3.wereto+动词原形 PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.1.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)yourwerewouldtakeadvice.2.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,whatburstwouldhappen_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?3.IfI______(be)inyourposition,I________(ask)forwerewouldaskteacher’shelp4.如果你明天早一点到学校，你将有足够的时间读英语。Ifyouweretocometoschoolearliertomorrow,youwouldhaveenoughtimetoreadEnglish.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 PRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.1.IfTom________(be)morecarefulinhadbeentheexam,he________________(pass)wouldhavepasseditalready.2.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,youhadgotwouldhavecaught________________(catch)thefirsttrain.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 PRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks1.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalshouldberesourceanymore,we___________shouldmake(make)useofnuclearpower.2.What____________(happen)ifyouwouldhappen____________(getup)toolateshouldgetuptomorrow?宁夏电信网络视频课堂 假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 注意：如果省略if，则要把if虚拟条件句中的were,should,或者had提到句首，形成倒装句。如从句不含were,should或had则不能省略if,不能用倒装。e.g.1.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoitlikethis.2.Hadyoucomeearlier(=Ifyouhadcomeearlier),youcouldnothavebeenpunished.3.Wereyoutowinthecompetition(=Ifyouweretowinthecompetition),Iwouldgiveyouasurprise.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 4.____anexpert,Iwouldinventamachinethatcanhelpusdoourhomework.A.IfIamBIwereC.WereID.Iam5.____this,Iwouldn’tcomehere.A.DidIknowB.IfIKnewC.IfIKnowD.DoIknow6.ShouldIfailthistime,I____.A.wouldn’tgiveupB.won’tgiveupC.didn’tgiveupD.hadn’tgiveup宁夏电信网络视频课堂 2.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反过去时（were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形Hewishedhe_____________________insuchaffairs.hadneverbeeninvolved(involve)IwishI______abird.(be)were宁夏电信网络视频课堂 Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 1.Shewishedshe_____athomethatnight.A.stayedB.hadstayedC.couldstayD.wouldstay2.Iwishhe_____outeverynight.A.willgoB.doesn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.won’tgo3.IwishI_____tenyearsyounger.A.wereB.willbeC.amD.wouldbe4.Shebegantowishthewholebusiness_____A.couldfinishB.finishesC.finishedD.canfinish5.IwishI_____tothemoonsomeday.A.flyB.willflyC.couldflyD.amflying宁夏电信网络视频课堂 8.Thelittlegirlwishesshe_____astrawberryice-creameveryday..A.hasB.willhaveC.canhaveD.couldhave9.Iwishyou_____meallthis.A.didn’ttellB.tellC.willtellD.hadn’ttold10.IwishI_____whatwasgoingtohappen.A.knewB.willknowC.knowD.canknow宁夏电信网络视频课堂 3.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持______________insist两个命令______________order,command三个建议__________________________advise,suggest,propose四个要求__________________________demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 注意：（1）suggest作”暗示，表明“时，从句中用陈述语气。（2）insist作”坚持说“讲时，从句中用陈述语气。1.Theboyinsistedthathe_____whathewastoldto.A.finishB.hadfinishedC.shouldfinishD.finished2.Hisexpressionssuggestedthathe_____angrywithhisdeskmate.A.shouldbeB.beC.wasD.were3.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprison.A.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer4.Mr.Smithinsistedthathisson_____toBeijingUniversity.A.wentB.wouldgoC.goD.couldgo宁夏电信网络视频课堂 1.Mike"sfather，aswellashismother，insistedthathe________athome.A.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stay2.Mr.Smithinsistedthathe________alltheworkwell.A.haddoneB.hasdoneC.didD.so3.Janewouldneverhavegonetotheparty________thatMarywouldcometoseeher.A.hassheknownB.hadsheknownC.ifsheknowsD.ifshehasknown宁夏电信网络视频课堂 4.Ifyouhadenoughmoney，what________？A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhavebought5.Ifyou________thatfilmlatelastnight，youwouldn"tbesosleepynow.A.didn"tseeB.haven"tseenC.wouldn"thaveseenD.hadn"tseen6.Ourmonitorrequestedthat________.A.alltheclassstudiedmorecarefullytheproblemB.theproblemwasmorecarefullystudiedC.withgreatcaretheproblemcouldbestudiedD.alltheclassstudytheproblemmorecarefully宁夏电信网络视频课堂 7.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we______heratthebusstation.A.mayhavemetB.mightmeetC.maymeetD.mighthavemet8.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for9.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset宁夏电信网络视频课堂 10.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen11._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves12.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved13.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmakeC.shouldhavemade宁夏电信网络视频课堂D.mightnothavemade 14.Wedemandedthatwe__________ofanychangeintheplan.A.informedB.wouldbeinformedC.beinformedD.hadbeeninformed15.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_____________before.A.hadinventedB.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented16.Jeandoesn"twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_________ajobsheprobablywouldn"tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot宁夏电信网络视频课堂 17.Ifthey_________thecontractaheadoftime,theycouldnothavemissedtheplan.A.signedC.wouldhavesignedB.hadsignedD.shouldsign18.You_________yesterday,ifyouwerereallyseriousaboutthejob.A.oughttocomeC.oughttobecomingB.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome19.Thelibrarianrecommendedthattheprofessor__________thenewlypublishedbook.A.borrowC.shouldhaveborrowedB.borrowedD.borrowing宁夏电信网络视频课堂 20.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot21.–IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed22.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.宁夏电信网络视频课堂A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad Correctmistakes1.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwillfirstofallbuymyselfabeautifulcar.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldfirstofallbuymyselfabeautifulcar.2.Ifwehadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.3.IfIseehimtomorrow,Iwouldinvitehimhome.IfIshouldsee/weretosee/sawhimtomorrow,Iwouldinvitehimhome宁夏电信网络视频课堂. 4.Shouldshebemydaughter,Iwon’tallowhertogotostudyabroad.Shouldshebemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertogotostudyabroad.5.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewillbequiteallrightnow.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 6.Isuggestthatshehasenoughsleepbeforeexaminations.Isuggestthatshe(should)haveenoughsleepbeforeexaminations.7.Thesmileonherfacesuggeststhatsheagreewithme.Thesmileonherfacesuggeststhatsheagreeswithme.8.Iwishyoucancometothelecturetomorrow.Iwishyoucouldcometothelecturetomorrow.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 9.Don’tmakeanynoise.I’dratheryoukeepsilent.Don’tmakeanynoise.I’dratheryoukeptsilent.10.MyparentsadvisedthatIdon’twatchtoomuchTV.MyparentsadvisedthatInotwatchtoomuchTV.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 Assignments:1.Makesentencesusing“IfIwere…,IfIhad…,IfIshould…”.“HowIwish….”“suggest,insist,demand“2.Makeashortpassageusingfiveofthesephrasesandwords.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 虚拟语气(二)TheSubjunctiveMood银川一中朱俊英宁夏电信网络视频课堂 一、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。例：Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）gothereatonce.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe（should）putonaplayattheEnglishevening?Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 二、It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/apity/nowonder/impossible+thatClause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形Itisstrangethat____________________.he(should)sayso他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。Itisagreatpitythat____________________.he(should)thinkso他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。Itisnaturalthat__________________________.abird(should)restintrees鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。Itisnecessarythat_____________________________.hebesenttoBeijingrightaway有必要立即派他去北京。宁夏电信网络视频课堂 三、在Itis/wassuggested/ordered/demanded/proposed/etc.+thatClause结构中要使用虚拟语气。如：It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Itisorderedthatallthetroops(should)withdrawthreemilesaway.根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。Itisarrangedthathe________________________.leaveforCanadaonFriday照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。Itissuggestedthat______________________theEnglisheveningbe_____________________.heldonSaturday有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。宁夏电信网络视频课堂 四、wouldrather后的宾语从句与现在事实相反过去时wouldrather与过去事实相反过去完成时(that)与将来事实相反过去时Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.Iwouldrather___________________.theycametomorrow我宁愿他们明天来。Themanagerwouldrather(that)hissecretary_______________________________.wenttothemeetinginsteadofhim经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。宁夏电信网络视频课堂 五、asif，asthough引导的从句以asif、asthough（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气,其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewereaman.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since宁夏电信网络视频课堂 六、由ifonly（要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！Ifonlyitstoppedraining！比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeup__________thealarmclockrings.onlyif只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。___________thealarmclockhadrung.Ifonly当时闹钟响了，就好了。___________hecomesearly.Ifonly宁夏电信网络视频课堂但愿他早点回来。 七、Itis(high)timethatItis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.Itishightimethat_________________.wehadourlunch该是我们吃午饭的时候了。Itistimethat____________________.hemadeuphismind该是他作出决定的时候了。宁夏电信网络视频课堂 八含蓄虚拟语气（1）用with,without,butfor等介词短语代替条件句。（2）用or或者otherwise代替条件句。e.g.1.Butforyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.=Ifyouhadn’tgivenmeadvice,Iwouldhavefailed.2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceededanyway.=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,Iwouldn’thavesucceededanyway.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 3.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday,oryou____him.A.wouldseeB.weretoseeC.mighthaveseenD.hadseen4.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe宁夏电信网络视频课堂 九、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Wouldyoumindsmokinghere？Mayyoubelucky！LonglivethepeopleofChina！Godsaveme.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 Multiplechoices宁夏电信网络视频课堂 1.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.callsB.calledC.callD.wouldcall2.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.A.mustbedoneB.didC.bedoneD.weredone3.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontime.A.wouldbeB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldhavebeen4.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI___there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went宁夏电信网络视频课堂 5.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven6.Itisstrangethatsuchathing___inyourschool.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened7.I’dratheryou___rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.toleave8.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknow宁夏电信网络视频课堂D.knew 10.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished11.Hemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for12.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.hasgone宁夏电信网络视频课堂 13.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset√C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset14.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallpeoplecouldunderstandanduse____.A.can;itB./;/√C.would;itD.may;/15.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being√16.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbe宁夏电信网络视频课堂√sent 17.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.A.willprotect√B.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting18.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen√19.Itisrequiredthatthestudents____aforeignlanguageandtheITcourse.A.willlearnB.mightlearnC.learnedD.learn√20._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving√C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave宁夏电信网络视频课堂 21.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.√A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved22.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have√23.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere√宁夏电信网络视频课堂 24.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch25.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”---“No,butIwishI_____”A.haveB.willC.doD.had26.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfailC.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed宁夏电信网络视频课堂 27.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecide√C.IdecidedD.Idecide28.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?√A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow29.IfonlyI_____mywatch!A.hadn√’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlost30.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake√C.shouldn宁夏电信网络视频课堂’thavemadeD.mighthavemade 31.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished√C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished32.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”A.IwouldbehereB.IhavebeenhereC.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere√33.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe√宁夏电信网络视频课堂 34.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements______intheoldtypeofheater？A.bemade*B.willbemadeC.wouldbemadeD.willhavetobemade35._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.Willtherebe*B.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe36.____itnotbeenforyou,I____lostmyway.*A.Had;wouldhaveB.Were;wouldC.Was;wouldD.Had;could宁夏电信网络视频课堂√ Correctmistakes1.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwiseIhadbeenheresooner.”.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwiseIwouldhavebeenheresooner2.Heisastupidman.Butheactsasthoughheisawiseman.Heisastupidman.Butheactsasthoughhewereawiseman.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 3.Thesuggestionhasbeenmadewhichthebasketballgameisputoff.Thesuggestionhasbeenmadethatthebasketballgamebeputoff.4.IfonlyIhaven’tlostmywatch!IfonlyIhadn’tlostmywatch!5.Wedidn’thavefinishedtheworkontimewithoutyourhelp.Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontimewithoutyourhelp.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish1.要不是这位医生的精心治疗，他不可能活到去年。解析：“要不是------“haditnotbeenfor---,=ifithadnotbeenfor---,=butfor---Haditnotforthedoctor’scarefultreatment,hewouldn’thavelivedtilllastnight.2.坦率地说，我宁肯你暂时不去做任何与此事有关的事情。解析：wouldrather从句中用一般过去时态表示对现在或将来的事情的假设。Franklyspeaking,I’dratheryoudidn’tdoanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.3.他建议学生们不要去看那部电影。1)Hesuggestedthatallthestudentsnotgotoseethefilm.2)Hissuggestionisthatallthestudents宁夏电信网络视频课堂notgotoseethefilm. 4.现在已经六点了。难道你不认为到了我们回家的时间了吗？解析：It’s(high)timesbdidsth/wouldrathersbdidsth是两个固定的句型。It’salreadysixo’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’stimewewenthome.5.他好像读懂了我的心思，我一上了这辆拥挤的公共汽车，他就站起来把座位让给了我。解析：“asif仿佛，好像”；引导的从句要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时。readone’smind读懂某人的心思。Asifhehadreadmymind,hestoodupandofferedmehisseatwhenIgotonthecrowdedbus.6.如果你当时努力的话，你就会轻松通过期末测试的。Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhaveeasilypassedthefinaltest.宁夏电信网络视频课堂 宁夏电信网络视频课堂 Mayyoubehappyeveryday!GoodBye!宁夏电信网络视频课堂