八年级下期末英语语法复习课件-现在完成时时-pdf 65页

现在完成时 一、基本结构：肯：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词e.gI(You)havestudied.He(She,It)hasstudied.We(You,They)havestudied. 否：主语+助动词haven’t+动词的过去分词hasn’tI(You)havenot/haven’tstudied.He(She,It)hasnot/hasn’tstudied.We(You,They)havenot/haven’tstudied.havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t 疑助动词Have+主语+动词的过去分词…?问Has回答:Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.e.g:1)Haveyoustudied?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.2)Hashe(she,it)studied?Yes,he(she,it)has.／No,he(she,it)hasn’t.3)Haveyou(they)studied?Yes,we(they)have.No,we(they)haven’t. 练一练1)句型转换:Ihavewrittenmypostcard.否：____________________________.Ihaven’twrittenmypostcard.一般疑问及回答：_______________________________?Haveyouwrittenyourpostcard?_________________________________Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t. 2)用现在完成时连词成句I,finish,homeworkIhavefinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t. (2)动词的过去分词：规则变化与不规则变化1.规则变化与过去式相同;finish----finished----finishedlive----lived----livedstop----stopped---stoppedcarry----carried----carried1加ed，2加d，3要双写，4注意，y变成ied特殊形式特殊记。 2.不规则变化am,iswas--beenwritewrote--writtenarewere--beendrivedrove--drivenbecomebecame—comecame--comebecomebuybought--boughtcutcut-cutbringbrought--broughtdodid--donetaketook--takenflyflew--flownmakemade--madegowent--gonesitsat--satkeepkept--keptfeedfed--fedrunran--run 二、现在完成时的主要用法（一）1.用法表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空) 2.常用时间状语汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever,sofar,recently等状语连用。例如：①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustlostmymathbook. already和yet的用法already已经通常用于肯定句中或句末yet已经，还通常用于疑问句和否定句末我已经找到了我的尺子。Ihave______foundmyruler.alreadyIhavefoundmyruler________.already否定句:Ihaven’tfoundmyruler______.yet一般疑问句:Haveyoufoundyourruler____yet？ 练一练1.我已经看过这部电影。I____________________thefilm.havealreadyseen2.你已经浇过花了吗？______youHavewateredtheflowers______?yet3.他刚刚完成了家庭作业。He_______________hishomework.hasjustfinished4.我们曾经去过五仙山。We______________totheWuxianHills.haveeverbeen5.李雷从不抽烟。LiLei_________________.hasneversmoked 现在完成时的主要用法（二）表示过去某一时间已经开始、持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常和表示一段时间状语，如since+过去的时间点…,for+时间段等连用。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词） 一段时间的表达方法有两种:forayear1）for+一段时间fortwoweeksforthreeyearseg:havestudiedfortwoyearsI____________English______________.我学英语已经两年了。 过去的某一时刻sincelastweek,since3yearsago2)since+sincenine,since2008…一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucametoChinasinceyougothomeThey__________inBeijing____________.havelivedsince1980他们自１９８０年就一直住在北京。We’veknowneachother_____we______children.sincewere我们从小就认识。 注意:for和since所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.有时可进行转换。对它们提问都用短语：Howlong如：1.Hehaslivedheresince2004.（同义句）Hehaslivedhere_____________fortenyears．Hehaslivedhere________________.sincetenyearsagoHowlong_________hashelivedhere?2.IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.IhavestudiedEnglish________________.since3yearsago＿＿Howlong＿＿＿haveyoustudiedEnglish?(对划线部分提问) 练习一、选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.for2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearssinceago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.for4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametosinceChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalforyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.since 1.我学习英语达到3年了。IhavelearnedEnglish__________.for3years2.自从9点钟以来，我们就在这儿等他。Wehavewaitedforhim__________.since9:003.自从两周前以来，他就在练习打篮球。Hehaspracticedbasketball_____________.since2weeksago4.自从Lucy来中国以来，她就结交了许多朋友。Lucy______manyfriends_________________.hasmadesinceshecametoChina 1.她成为一名护士已经三年了。Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears.2.我五年前就认识李雷了。IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago.3.那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.4.我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.5.我刚丢了我的历史书。Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook. 三、延续性动词和终止性(瞬间)动词英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是终止性(瞬间)动词。延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work,read,write,study等。这些动词的完成时可以和一段时间状语连用。eg:Ihavestudiedfortwohours. 终止性(瞬间)动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come,go,buy,die,join,begin等.这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。终止性(瞬间)动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“Hehasleft.‖―Shehascomeback‖但不能说“Hehasleftforthreeyears.‖―Shehascomebackfortwodays‖如果要表达:1)他已走了三年了.2)她已经回来两天了可用以下几种表达法： 1.用含ago等过去时间状语的一般过去时。1)Heleftherethreeyearsago.2)Shecamebacktwodaysago.2.“Itis+一段时间＋since＋一般过去时从句”1)Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.2)Itistwodayssincehecameback.3.一段时间＋haspassed+since+一般过去时从句1)Threeyearshaspassedsincehelefthere.2)Twodayshaspassedsinceshecameback.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 4.另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。1).直接转化成延续性动词buycatch(get)acoldhavehaveacoldborrowcome/go/becomekeepbe 2).转换成be+名词join→bein…（beamemberof…）jointhearmybeasoldierjointhePartybeaPartymembergotoschoolbeastudent3).转换成be+形容词或副词diebedeadopenbeopenleavebeawayclosebeclosedbeginbeonfallsleepbeasleepfinishbeover 4).转换成be+介词短语gotoschoolbein/atschooljointhearmybeinthearmy终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和段时间状语连用。如：Ihaven’tseenhimforages.我好久没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他） 练一练1.他来中国半年了。HecomesChinaforhalfayear.改为：hasbeenin。2.李雷买这本字典3天了。LiLeihasboughtadictionaryfor3years.改为：had。3.他的爷爷去世3年了。Hisgrandpahasdiedfor3years.改：beendead。 同义句转换①.我们买这本书三年了.We__________thebookforthreeyears.havehadWe__________thebookthreeyearsago.bought②他感冒三天了.He_________acoldforthreedays.hashadHe_______acoldthreedaysago.caught ③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.I___________thebooksincelastweek.havekeptI_________thebooklastweek.borrowed④我成为一个学生两年多了.I__________astudentforovertwoyears.havebeenbecameI_________astudenttwoyearsago. ⑤MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlack______________forthreeyears.hasbeendeadMrBlack_______threeyearsago.died⑥小明参军半年了。XiaoMing_______________forhalfayear.hasbeenasoldierXiaoMing_______thearmyhalfayearago.joined 翻译练习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.()WIhavehadthiswatchforfiveyears.since5yearsago.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.()WTheoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears.since10yearsago. 3.他已经回来三天了。Hehascomebackfor3days.WHehasbeenbackfor3days.since3daysago.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.WHehasbeenheresince6o’clock.5.我离开家乡已十年了。Ihavelefthometownfor10years.WIhavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years. 四、havegoneto、havebeento、havebeenin1.主语+have/hasgone(to)+某地某人已经去某地了2.主语+have/hasbeen(to)+某地某人曾经到过某地主语+have/hasbeenin+某地+for+时间某人去某地多久了He____________Beijing.hasgoneto他已经去北京了。He____________Beijingtwice.hasbeento他曾去过北京两次。He____________Beijingfor3days.hasbeenin他去北京三天了。 用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空1.Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhavebeeninhalfayear.2.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.hasgoneto3.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Havebeen4.Where_____you______thesedays?havebeen5.HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.hasbeen6.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe_______.hasgone7.HiJim!Where_____you_____?havebeenLiLeiislookingforyou. 1.她曾去过南京吗？HassheeverbeentoNanjing?2.你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?3.我去过桂林，我去年去的。IhavebeentoGuilin,Iwenttherelastyear.4.她已经去南京了。ShehasgonetoNanjing. 五、一般过去时与现在完成时之比较1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：1.Isawthisfilmyesterday.(只说明动作发生在过去。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了.)2.ShehasreturnedfromParis.(她已从巴黎回来了)Shereturnedyesterday.（她是昨天回来的。）3.HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) 2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。1)一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,等具体的时间状语。2)现在完成时的时间状语有：for…,since…,ever,never,just,already,yet,inpastyears等不确定的时间状语。 注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.()WTom______alettertohisparentslastnight.wrote1.我们上周完成了我们的工作。We________ourworklastweek.finished2.飞机十分钟前起飞了。Theplane__________tenminutesago.tookoff3.昨天，她们去游泳了。They________________yesterday.wentswimming 改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?studied2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.kept3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.been4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.gone5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.been 1.A:Ihavelostmypurse.(lose)B:Whatapity.Whendidloseyouit?(lose)A:Ilostitthismorning.(lose)2.A:Ihavewatchedthegame.B:When____you____it?CA.havewatchedB.dowatchC.didwatch3.A:AnnhasgonetoShanghai.B:Sohaveherparents.（填词）4.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,B?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyou 1.他去过两次泸州。He____________Luzhou_____.hasbeentotwice2.他们去了办公室，将很快回来。They________theoffice.They__________havegonetowillcomebacksoon.3.他在中国四年了。He________China_____fouryears.hasbeeninfor 4.自从两年前以来，我就买了这块手表。I___________thewatch_____twoyears____.havehadsinceago5.他已经离开一小时了。He________________anhour.hasbeenawayfor 1.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.BA.livedB.haslivedC.lives2.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.BA.diedB.hasbeendeadC.hasdied3.A:WhereisHanMeinow?B:She____toShanghai.ShewillbebackintwoAdays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenCgoes 4.A:HaveyoubeentotheUnitedStated?（填词）B:No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago5.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?CA.doyouB.areyouC.haveyou6.Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?AA.beenonB.beenC.joinedD.played7.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?CA.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent 8.--Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?B--Ihave_____toBeijingwithmyfriends.A.been,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.gone,gone9.–Excuseme,__youseenthefilmyet?D--Yes,I___itlastnight.A.have,seeB.have,haveseenC.have,seenD.have,saw10.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_____?DA.isheB.isn’tC.hasn’tD.hashe 中考连接1.IhavepostedalettertomypenfriendinAmericaA.A.alreadyB.yetC.fortwodays2.Youhaveneverheardsuchastory,Cyou?A.haven’tB.don’tC.have3.HisgrandmaCformanyyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendead 4.Haveyouevereatfish?Yes,Ihave.ABCD改错：B改为eaten.5.ICmygrandmothersincetwoyearsago.A.don’tseeB.seeC.haven’tseenD.saw6.LinTao’sbeentoShanghai,andso__hissister.CA.isB.wasC.hasD.does 7.Jackhasawatch.He__itfortwoyears.AA.hashadB.hasboughtC.gotD.bought8.HowmanyEnglishwords__you__sinceyouAAcametoourschool?A.have,learnedB.do,learnC.will,learnD.did,learn9.他们已经派人去请医生了。havealreadysentforThey________________adoctor. 10.OurEnglishteacherisn’there.Shehas__DShanghai.A.beenB.goneC.beentoD.goneto11.WehavelearnedEnglishforthreeyears.(对划线部分提问)Howlonghave____________you______English?learned12.从两年前起他就在这儿。He___________sincetwoyears______.hasbeenhereago 13.Howlong__you__heresinceyoucametoCChina?A.did,liveB.do,liveC.have,livedD.will,live14.Ann’salreadyreadthisstory-book.(改为否定句)Ann_______readthisstoryhasn’t-book______.yet15.MissWhitewenttotellJimtoputhisheartintothelesson.Jim’sfacewentred.FromthenonJimhasnever/notlookedoutofthewindow. A:Goodmorning,doctor.完成对话B:Goodmorning.What’s______withyou,boy?wrongA:Ihavehadaheadacheanda________.fever/coughI’mfeelingweaknow.B:How____haveyoubeenlikethis?longA:Eversincelastweek.B:Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?A:Yes,mymotherdid.Shesaiditwasnotveryhigh. ()1.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmBbefore,_______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou()2.C—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When____you____it?A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watch ()3.Mr.Green___inChinasincefiveyearsago.BA.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive()4.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.DA.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendead ()5.A–WhereisHanMeinow?－She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goesD.hadgone()6.A－_____you____totheUnitedStated?－No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoA.Have;beenB.Have;goneC.Did;goD.Do;go()7.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?CA.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou()8.Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamofDtheschool?A.playedB.beenatC.joinedDbeenon ()9.B—Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?—Ihave_____toKunmingwithmyfriends.Abeen,goneBbeen,beenCgone,beenDgone,gone()10.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?CA.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent()11.D—Excuseme,____youseenthefilmyet?—Yes,I_____itlastnight.Ahave,seeBhave,haveseenChave,seenDhave,saw()12.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_____?DA.isheB.isn’theC.hasn’theD.hashe ()13.B-----Whereisyourfather?-----He____Australiaandbe____Sydneyfortwoweeks.A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeentoD.hasgoneto;hasbeento()14.Inthepastfewyearsthere___greatchangesinmyAhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are()15.___youever____totheUnitedStates?Yes,twiceBA.Have;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.Were;going ()16.B----IsyourfatheraPartymember?-----Yeshe____thePartythreeyearsago.He___aPartymemberforthreeyears.A.hasjoined;hasbeenB.joined;hasbeenC.joined,wasD.wasjoined;is()17.C---Haveyougotreadyforthetrip______?----No,not_____.butI’vebookedtheairticket______.A.yet;already;yetB.already;already;alreadyC;yet;yet;alreadyD.already;yet;yet ()18.A---Whereisyourteacher?----He____toKorea.He_____theretwicebefore.A.hasgone;hasbeenB,hasgone;hasgoneC.hasbeen;hasgoneD.hasbeen;hasbeen()19.ThefilmHarryPotterisreallyinterestingAYeah.I____ittwice.A.haveseenB.seeC.willseeD.hadseen ()20.D---Howlonghaveyou_____fromtheUSA?-----Fortwoweeks.A.comebackB.returnedC.gotbackD.beenback()21.He_______thisdictionaryfor5years.DHe_____itin2004.A.hasbought;boughtB.bought;boughtC.haskept;hasboughtD.hashad;bought ()23.A----I____thebooktothelibrary.-----When_____you_____it?A.havereturned;did;returnB.havereturned;have;returnedC.returned;did;returnD.returned;have;returned ()24.He’sflowntoQingdaoforsummerholidays,C______he?A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tD.doesn’t()25.It____tenyearssincewelast___inBeijing.BA.was;metB.hasbeen;metC.was;meetD.is;meet 1.Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.A.didn’tcleanB.hadn’tcleanedC.don’tcleanD.haven’tcleaned2.---I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe3.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet4.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning 5.--Whenwilltheyleave?---They______verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave6.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.AisBwouldCwasDwere7.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread8.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts 翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？HaveyoueatenfishandFrenchfries?2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。IhavejustlostmyChinesebook.3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。Ihaveneverbeentothatparkbefore.4.他已经吃过午饭了。Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？Haveyouseenthismovieyet? 6.我哥哥还没回来。Mybrotherhasnotreturnedyet.7.我上星期看过这部电影。Isawthismovielastweek.8.自从1992年他住在这里。Hehaslivedheresince1992.9.这本字典我已买了三年了。Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10.他离开中国三年了HehasbeenawayfromChinaforthreeyears.