英语语法课件 不定式 48页

TheInfinitiveBydd2004 不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。 Watchacartoon watch TheInfinitivesubjectobjectpredictiveattributeadverbialcomplementTodothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquicklyWefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews. Itseemstobeveryhappy.Itappearstobeveryangry.（2）InfinitiveasPredictive(表语)(Predictive)(Predictive) SheHeTheyseemsappearsseemed/appeareddoesn"t/don’tseemdidnotappeartobeverycalm/well-known.tobeveryhappy/likeworkinghere.totakegreatprideinhis/her/theirwork.tohavealotofrelations.toenvytheking’swealth.Makesentencesfromthetable: 3. object(宾语):一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Hehoped/wished/expectedtogoabroad.Hepromisedtobuymeacomputer.一些动词要用wh-疑问词+不定式作宾语，常见的动词有decide,know,learn,wonder,understand,findout,remember,see等whattodo.howtodoit.Idon’tknowwho(m)toask/invite.whentostopwheretogo. 不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带to.Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp. 4.不定式短语作宾语补足语例：Theteacheraskedmetodoitagain.老师叫我再做一次。不定式短语todoit作宾语me的补足语。 Iwillinvitehimtoplayandhavedinnerwithme.(宾补）InfinitiveasObjectComplement(Objectcomplement) Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydon’tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”Iencouragedher2.“Don’tforgettowearyourgloves.It’sfreezing.”Iremindedher3.“Youcan’ttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”Ididnotallowher4.“Whycan’ttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”I’dpreferthem5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?I’llhelpyou.”.Ihelpedhimtoplaytheroleofqueenintheplay.towearherglovesasitwasfreezing.totaketheboxoftreasureawaytosingsomewell-knownsongs(to)understandthepoem. TheInfinitiveasobjectComplement英语中有些及物动词要跟复合宾语(宾+宾补),如allow,encourage,expect,help,prefer等带不定式作宾补.e.g.Yourparentsdon’tallowyoutoplaythecomputerTeachersencouragedstudentstospeakinEnglish. 12Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相帮助是好的。例1：Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相帮助是好的。例2：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.我发现了解他很困难。不定式短语tounderstandhim作真正宾语,it是形式宾语。HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster. 不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略。如例1：Now,letmego.（go前省掉了to）例2：Isawherrunintotheclassroom.（run前的to省掉了）比较Shewasseentorunintotheclassroom. 例1.Thefarmersdidn’tknowwhattodo.Thefarmersdidn’tknowwhattheyshoulddo.例2.Pleasetellmehowtogettothezoo.PleasetellmehowIcangettothezoo. adverbial(状语):(1)表示目的【(not)to/(not)inorderto/soas(not)to】Weeattoliveanddon’tlivetoeat.(2)表示结果(so/such…asto.,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto他这么傻竟相信了这事。Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.另外only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果,如:Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing…Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”too…to…”结构中，”too”的含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。I’monlytoogladtostayathome.It’snevertoooldtolearn. (3)表示原因(a)不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews. 6.不定式短语作定语例1：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?这是帮他的最好办法吗？不定式短语tohelphim作way的后置定语。例2:Heisthemantodependon.他是可以依靠的人。不定式短语todependon作man的后置定语。 注意:不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需有适当的介词。attribute(定语):不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面,以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如:chance,way,opportunity,time,thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等词后,在havetodo和therebe句型中。e.g.没有人可以照看他.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.只有五种式样可供选择.Thereareonlyfivepairstochoosefrom. 不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?这时用主动形式表被动意思。 Itisbeautifulmusictoenjoy.(定语)InfinitiveasAttribute(Attribute) 20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleanedCombinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson…)2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Let‘sfindsomething…)3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave…)4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything…)ShewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheideaLet’sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.Whatdoyouhavetosay?Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo. 不定式的逻辑主语，在不定式前加for(of)sb.，如：例1.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish.例2.Itisniceofyoutohelpme. 不定式的否定形式只要在to前加not。如：例1.I’lltrynottobelate.例2.Tellhimnottomakeanynoise. 不定式作独立成分。Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesn’tagreewithyou.Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity. Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.6.It’simpossibleforhimtogoalone.7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.8.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.9.Tocatchthetrain,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi. Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive1.Iwanttotellhimaboutit.2.Iwanttobetoldaboutit.5.Sheseemstohaveknownthetruth.(ActiveVoice)(PassiveVoice)(IndefiniteTense)(Perfecttense)4.Sheseemstobesleeping(Continuoustense)3.Sheseemstobesleepy 语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时(not)todo(not)tobedone进行时(not)tobedoing无完成时(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendoneThetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive 动词不定式省略to的情况归纳*1当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是make,let,have或lookat,see,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel、等，不定式不带to.*2.在下列结构后hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,can’thelpbut等*3.Why….或whynot…表建议*4.在介词but,except之后，如果其前有实义动词do的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带to. *5不定时作表语时，如果解释do的具体内容时，to可以省去。*6动词help或help+宾语之后，可用带to的不定式，也可用不带to的不定式，但在help+宾语+不定式结构中，如果用不带to的不定式，表示主语参与了不定式所表示的动作；如果用带to的不定式，表示主语没有参与不定时所表示的动作。 1.Didyounoticeanyonecomein?2.Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.*3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.4.Icannotbutagree.5.Ican’thelpbutfeelsorryforTom.6.Whynothaveatryagain?7.Whyspendsomuchmoney?8.Thenithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep. 9.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.10.Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankforallherhelpduringthetraining.11.Willyouhelpme(to)repairthisbike? 1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdon’tlaughatD.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at 6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggonetell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain… 10.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears________everything.(2001年上海）totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold11.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen 12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch 14.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto15.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking16.Therearefivepairs___,butI"matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考) A.tobechosen  B.tochoosefrom C.tochoose D.forchoosing 17.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考) A.Tosleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Havingsleep18.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled 19.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying20.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade _____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation__yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is____necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat__isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended__theletterIwroteyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived 6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.working7.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider___anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething________.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunD.fordrinking 10.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive11.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow12.Believeitornot,hewasseen______upstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.go13.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire______allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned 14.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice15.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking16.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread17.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned Goodbye