【英语】英语音标基础学习及练习 5页

英语音标基础学习及练习英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。一个可以为单个元音（如I/a?/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree/tri:/）。单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me,he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name,come等）。6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it,pen,pick等）。7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1.长短：/i://?//?://?//?://?//U://?/2.大小：/e//?//ɑ://?/3.I组：/e?//a?//??/4.U组：/??//a?/5.?组：/??//e?//??/清辅音/p//t//k//f//?//t?//tr//ts//h/θ//s//浊辅音/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//d?//dr//dz//r//m//n//?//?//w//j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化,/p//t//k/它们浊化后，分别发成:/b//d//g/二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音a1./ei/nameablecaketabletakedate2./?/applecatmapammatchmattersadandangry3./ɑ:/dancelastpassplant4./?/wantwhatwatchwash5./?/aarrivealongalikealoude1./i:/heshemeeveningmeter2./e/elephanteggbedpenbestgetemptyFebruarynextthensend3./i/enjoyEnglishelevenbecauseforest精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共5页----------------------- i1./ai/finebikefiveiceclimberhikingkind2./i/issitmisspigpictureinterestingilldinnerhimlistenpickrivero1./?u/oldhomenosecoketomatotofuoverholdpiano2./?/dognotclockboxrobotonfromforestoftenstop3.4.u1.2./?/sonmonthmotherloveyoung/u:/whodowhose/ju:/useusuallyexcusemenu/?/busussunduckuncleuptrunkfunnymust3./u/putpullhelpfulb/b/bookbigbagboxc1.2./k/cleanclimbcupclockcookcollectcurtainclothes/s/facenicepencilcitycinemad/d/deskdolldogdaddaydon’tdishdoesdeepf/f/finefriendflyfootfanfallfightfavouritefruitfunnyg1.2./ɡ/gunglassgladgoget/d?/ageorangevillageh/h/hatherhousehoneyhappyhaveheavierhurthobbyhospitalj/d?/jeepjacketjumpJan.JulyJunek/k/kitecakethankkangaroospeaktakewalkworklakelikel1.2.n1.2./n/noknownewhand/?/thankthinkthinguncleswing/l/legleftrulerflaglamplongerrelaxplay/l/applebowltelloldtailwhalem/m/ammapmymouthmilkp/p/mapjeeppigpenappleplantplaypotatopleasepolicemanq/kw/quitequiltquickr/r/redradiobrotherrainreadrunrabbitwritemirrorlibrarys1.2./s/sitmissthissaltybooksspringswimsleepsometimesgrass/z/nosethoseroserulersseasont/t/itsitnotthattablelittletiredtakeleftfruitbutplantv/v/fiveverysevenvillagelivew/w/wewindowwatchwantwaitwaterWednesdaywinterwithx/ks/boxsixfoxrelax精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共5页----------------------- y1.2.3./ai/myflywhybye/j/yesyellowyoungyesterday/i/happybabyverywindysnowystudyz/z/zoozero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合ai/ei/waitpaintay/ei/mayplaydaysayair/ε?/airhairchairal/?:/tallsmallballar/α:/fartherfarmcararmea①/i:/meatpleasetearead②/e/headbreadready③/i?/theaterear①/i?/earhearnear②/ε?/bear③/?:/earthee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeepeir/ε?/theirer①/?/workerteacher②/?:/herere①/i?/here②/ε?/wherethereew①/ju:/newfew②/u:/flewgrewight/ai/righthighbrightir/?:/birdgirlshirtthirtyoa/?u/boatcoatong/o?/longsongoo①/u/bookfootgood②/u:/moonballoonor①/?:/shortforkport②/?:/wordworldworkoor/?:/doorfloorore/?:/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouthour①/?:/fouryour②/au?/ourow①/?u/bowlwindow②/au/nowcowfloweroy/oi/boytoyur/?:/turn（二）辅音组合th①/θ/thankmouth②/δ/thisthatwithtr/tr/treetraintruckdr/dr/dressdriversh/∫/shirtwashshortch①/t∫/childchaircatch②/k/schoolChristmas③/dз/sandwichtw/tw/twotwintwentywh①/w/whitewheelwhat②/h/whowhosewhomts/ts/jacketskitesds/dz/birdsfriends（三）特殊组合tion/∫n/questionnation四、单词重音（wordstress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[b?d],dad[d?d].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny[‘f?n?]，famous[‘fem?s]精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共5页----------------------- 由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious[d?’l???s]英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about[?’baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody[‘?n?,bɑd?]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary[,dɑkj?’m?nt?r?]，grandfather[‘gr?nd,fɑe?]。四．句子重音（sentencestress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/p?k//g?p//tr??//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//′setl//di′pend/packgaptrashnagrambattlesaidhappysettledepend2./a://?://?//u://u//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//st?:m//n?:t//f?ks//s?k//fa://la:d?//ma:k/maskpastFrancestormnaughtfoxsockfarlargemark/θ?t//pr?mis//lu:s//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/thoughtpromiseloosetookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′?bl/tr/?:n//s?:f//′:n?/t?/′beg?//t?k/dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps4./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster5./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?′l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia6./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves（二）、绕口令：1.Atidytigertiedatietightertotidyhertinytail.2.AmadmansaysthatAmandahascapturedafatpanda.精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共5页----------------------- 3.Ifyounoticethisnotice,youwillnoticethatthisnoticeisnotworthnoticing.4.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear,madethebigblackbearbleedblood.5.Iftwowitcheswatchedtwowatches,whichwitchwouldwatchwhichwatch?WhichwristwatchisaSwisswristwatch?6.Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.二、笔头练习：（一）.找出画线部分读音不同的单词((((((((((B．C．D．(B．C．D．()12.A．B．C．D．()13.A．B．C．D．(（二）．根据音标写单词：[fa:]_______[da:ns]_______[mu:n]_______[kait]_______[′h?pinis]_________[′priti]_______[′f?mili]_______[t?′gee?]_______[f?ks][tju:b][flai]_______[‘mu:nkeik]_______[‘indi?]_______[‘dju?ri?]_______[sn?u]_______[‘si:zn]_______[di’??s]_______li[‘jest?dei]_______[in’d??i]_______[‘mid,?:t?m]_______[t?eind?]_______[‘deind??]______[‘n?izi]_______[mju(:)’m]zi?_______（三）根据音标写句子：1.au?kla:sizn?tveribig.__________________________2.b?titsaiza:n?tbig.__________________________3.e??a:sikskla:sizingreidw?n.______________________________________________________4.wi:k?nsi:it?te?zu:.___________________________精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页，共5页-----------------------