论《格林童话》中的浪漫主义因素 20页

学科分类号0502拯e孝?£>本科生毕业论文题目：OntheRomanticElementsinGrimmsFairyTales论《格林童话》中的浪漫主义因素学生姓名：学号：1105403017系别：外国语言文学系专业：英语指导教师：杨萍（讲师）起止日期：2014.6-2015.5 2015年5月9日怀化学院本科毕业论文诚信声明作者郑重声明：所呈交的本科毕业论文，是在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的成果。对论文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本声明的法律结果由作者承担。本科毕业论文作者签名:2015年5月9日 ContentsAbstractiKeyWordsi摘要i关键词iIntroduction1ChapterOneYearningforIdealWorld41.1IdealisminPerfectEnding51.2IdealisminSimpleCharacters6ChapterTwoAdmiringNature72.1Forest:theCombinationofNatureMystery82.2Animals:theReleasingofNatureSpirit9ChapterThreeEmphasizingEmotionExpression103.1StrongSubjectivity103.2StrongMilitancy11ChapterFourUsingRomanticWritingSkills124.1UseofImagination124.2UseofExaggeration134.3UseofSymbols14Conclusion15Bibliography16Acknowledgments18 OntheRomanticElementsinGrimm"sFairyTalesAbstractThemasterpieceofBrothersGrimm,GrimmsFairyTalesisthetreasureofworldchildren^literature.Itoccupiesimportantdegreeinearlyromanticliteraturebuttherearefewstudiesaboutthebooksromanticelementsuntilnow.Basedonbasisromantictheory,thepaperanalysesGrimm"sFairyTalesfromthefollowingfourparts:yearningforidealworld,admiringnature,emphasizingemotionexpressionandusingromanticwritingskills,whichaimstorevealthewriters5intentionofrunningoutofrealitythroughdescribingideallife.Grimm"sFairyTalesoccupiesimportantdegreeinearlyromanticliteraturebuttherearefewstudiesaboutthebook"sromanticelementsuntilnow.Thereforethepaperintendstodeepenpeople"sunderstandingsaboutthebookandhelplatterresearchers.KeyWordsGrimmsFairyTales;romanticism;idealism;admiringnature论《格林童话》中的浪漫主义因素摘要德国著名作家格林兄弟的代表作品《格林童话》是全世界儿童文学的瑰宝，在早期浪漫主义文学中也占有举足轻重的地位。该论文基于浪漫主义的基本理论，通过分析文本表达的对理想世界的渴望，对大自然的崇敬，对自我感情抒发的重视和对多种浪漫主义写作技巧的运用四部分，探讨《格林童话》中的浪漫主义因素，旨在揭示作者借对美好生活的描写逃避黑暗现实的意图并让读者更深刻地了解《格林童话》的深层含义。作为一部典型的浪漫主义作品，至今却很少有学者对《格林童话》的浪漫主义因素进行探讨，希望本论文能加深读者对本书的理解，并帮助到对《格林童话》进行进一步研究的学者们。关键词格林童话；浪漫主义；理想世界；崇敬自然 IntroductionPublishedin20thcentury,justasLittleBriarRoseinthebook,Grimm"sFairyTaleswasknownbythepublicover100yearslatterthanitwascollectedbyGrimmbrothersandthenpublishedasabook.Itisatypicalmagicalfantasyandbecomesthemostpopularchildren^bookaroundtheworld・Untilnow,thetalesintheGrimm"sFairyTaleshavebeentranslatedinto160languages,andthisgrantbookhasbeentreasureofthechildren^literatureoftheworld.AndasoneoftheearliestromanticismworksitpromotesthedevelopmentofromanticisminGermanandeventheworld・BrothersGrimm,JacobandWilhelmGrimmwereGermanculturalresearchers,linguistics,academics,andauthorswhocollectedfolklores.TheirfirstcollectionoffolktalesChildrenandHouseholdTaleswaspublishedin1812.ThetwobrothersspenttheirearlylifeinHanauandtheninSteinau.In1796,whentheywereintheirteenage,theirfatherdiedandcausedgreatpovertyforthewholefamilywhichinfluencedthebrothersforalongperiodoftime.JuristandhistorianFriedrichvonSavigny(1779-1861)inspiredthebrothers9interestinphilosophyandGermanicstudies,inwhichfieldtheyareregardedaspioneers,whentheystudiedintheUniversityofMarburg.Atthesametimetheycultivatedacuriosityforfolklore,whichdevelopedintoalife-longdevotiontogatheringGermanfolktales.Thisbookhasalwaysbeenattractingtheattentionsofmanyscholarssinceitspublication.Theyanalyzethebookfromdifferentangles,suchasbeingafantasyorananimalbook.Moreover,theymostlyfocusononeoftheaspectsofthebook,likethethemes,thecharactersoroneofthewritingtechniques.Tillnow,nosystematicstudyintheromanticcolorsofthisbookcanbefound.Foralongtime,thetraditionalresearchesonGrimm"sFairyTaleshaveasubstantialdegreeofmisreading.Manyscholarsthinkitisjustakindofchildrenreadings.Theytendtotalkaboutthesimpleartofthestorybasedoninnocenceandchildishness;orclassifythestoryasageneralpersonalliterarycreationlimitedtotheanalysisofthegeneralstorycontentandartisticstyle;orregarditasakindofauthenticfolktales.Infact,itismorethanthefairytalewithoralsex,nationalityandfolkcolor.BecausetherearefewstudyofGrimm9sFairyTalesasaneraoftextentry.Grimm"sFairyTalesisofgroundbreakingmeaningwiththehistoricalbackgroundoffolklorestudies.Especiallytheypayattentiontoandrespectthefolktraditionandnaturepoetrybehindallkindsofmethods.Itisoneoftheideologicaloriginsofmodernfolklore researchanddevelopment.However,theycollectedthetalesnotonlyfromoralstatementandentrustingfriendsoracquaintancesforcollectingrecords,butalsofoundthesourcefromavarietyofwrittenmaterials,soitwascriticizedbythemodernfairytalesresearchersandfolklorescholarsforalongtime.HanYingfromSunYet-senUniversitywroteathesisontheinterpersonalmeaningofGrimm"sFairyTales,targetingatexploringhowattitudinalmeaningsrealizetheexpectededucationalfunctionsinGrimm"sFairyTales.Theauthorthinksthatthecollectionisvalue-laden.Thosetaleswerenotonlyforentertainmentbutalsoforeducation.Throughthestrategicapplianceofdifferentattitudinalmeaning,theeducationalfunctionofGrimm"sFairyTalesisrealized.ZhouZhichenganalyzedthepostmodernistnovelSnowWhitebyDonaldBarthelmetoenrichreadersknowledgeofpostmodernistnovelsandpostmodernsocietyinAmerica.ByanalyzinganddiscussingthefeaturesofSnowWhite,Barthlme^srepresentativework,themodernversionoftheGrimm"scanonicalfairytaleSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs,ZhouZhichengconcludedthatAmericanpostmodernistnovelsdenyaestheticcriteriaandtheinternalstructureoftraditionalnovels,whichappliesthenovels9writingtechniquesandnaiTativemode.Moreover,thetheoriesofpostmodernistnovelsareputtouseinanalyzingparticularworkssoastoexposemoreaboutpostmodernsocietyandAmericanpostmodernistnovelstoreaders.Moreimportantly,in1960s,thesocialenvironmentandcitizens9spiritinAmericaisquitesimilartothatofcurrentChina.Therapiddevelopmentofeconomyleadstothelossofmentalpurity,whichcausestherisingofpostmodernisminthetwocountries.InChina,manypostmodernistplays,novelsorfilmshavebeenseenflourishing.JamesM.MeGlatherywroteabooknamedGrimm"sFairyTales,AHistoryofCriticismonaPopularClassic.Inhisbook,MeGlatheryintroducedmanyresearchesandstudiesonGrimm9sFairyTales.TheauthordividedthehistoryofGrimm-philosophyintofourmajorphases.(1)Thediscoveryofthecollectioninmanuscriptonecenturylaterafteritsfirstpublicationin1812.(2)BolteandPolivkaestablishedthetypologyofGrimmtalefrom1913to1931.Theestablishmentmadethe210talesthemodeltypesforidentifyingwrittenororal,international,nationalandregionalvariants.ThisGermanpracticetransformedunique,literaryGrimmtaleversionsintoauthenticprototypesforcountlesspotentialvariablesaroundtheworldandlegitimizedthe interpretiveanalysisoftheiroverallmeaning.(3)InWestandEastGerman,memorialvolumescommittedtoBrothersGrimmattheanniversariesofJacobGrimm，sdeath,presentedessaysabouttheinfluenceofthehouseholdtalesoninternationalfolklorists^respectiveoraltraditions.(4)Finally,thecelebrationofthebrothersbirthsin1985and1986openedaspectacularchapterinGrimirTsresearch.Scholarsoffolklore,literature,psychology,linguistics,anthropology,sociology,history,religionandpedagogyjoinedforcesinpublications,conferences,seminarsandworkshopstoprovideanalysesandinterpretationsofthestoriestogetherwiththeirauthorsfromthevantagepointoftheirrespectivedisciplinaryorientations.(黄蓿，7)Theplentyofapproachesandphilosophiesproposedbythosescholarsisfurtherevidenceoftheoft-repeatedcommentthatthepopularityoftheChildren，sandHouseholdTalesissecondonlytotheBible.Thisphaseiscarryingonandstillenlightensnewsurveysandinterpretations.ThemajorityofresearchersareGermanists.FewfolkloristsamongtheseresearchersaccepttheGrimmtalesasprototypesduetotheopinionthat,inGerman-speakingcountries,folkloreisanintegralpartofGermanistics.Thisbookisfullofromanticelements,buttillnow,fewsystematicstudiesintheromanticelementsofthisbookcanbefound.Accordingtothis,thepaperanalysesthebookfromthisangelbasedonromanticismtheorydivideintofourparts:yearningforidealworld,admiringnature,emphasizingemotionexpressionandtheuseofromantictechniques.Theendingsarealwayshappy,thecharactersareofpureemotions.Forestisthecombinationofmysteryandanimalsreleasetheirnaturespirit,naturethingsarealwayswithgreatpower.Andwhatdiffersfromothertalesistheemotionitexpressisalwayspositive,thebookencouragepeopletoresisttheirfate.Soitisfullofsubjectivityandmilitancy.Theusingofromanticwritingtechniquesisalsoamainelementofthebook.Intheearly19thcentury,HolyRomanEmpireoftheGermanNationwasdisintegratedanddisunitedbothintemtoryandnationality.NapoleondisintegratedHolyRomanEmpireoftheGermanNationin1806whichcausedtheawakeningofGermannationalconsciousness.Thousandsofintellectualsdevotedthemselvesinthenationalliberationmovement.Yetthedifferenceoflanguagesandculturesamongthecountriesandcitiesbecamebarriersintheprocessofunifyingnationalconsciousness.Inordertoeliminatethebarriers,someintellectualsstartedtoadvocateculturalnationalism.Meanwhile,romanticismroseandrevivedinterestin traditionalfolktales.Intheprocessofromanticism,BrothersGrimmrepresentedapureformofnationalcultureandliterature.Withtheaimofresearchinganacademicmonographaboutfolklores,theyestablishedaseriesofmethodsforgatheringandrecordingfolktalesthattooktheshapeofthebasisforfolklorestudies.Inthesetales,theydepictthousandsofidealworlds.Andwecanseetheirgoodintentionstothefuturejustfromitshappyendings.Theyusechildren，sliteraturetoexpresstheirhopetoarousethesleepingNordicSpirit,encouragepeopletoresist.Andchildrenarethenation^future,theirmindsareofhighplasticity,soBrothersGrimmlaidtheirhopesonthem.ChapterOneYearningforIdealWorld"Idealismisaformtoshowthescornonthemoderncivilizedsocietyandthehopetobuildanewidealizedone：(范文于胡，38)Itcanbedemonstratedfrommanyaspects.Theidealisminthemes,ontheonehand,dealswiththesocialaspectfromtheangleofUtopianSocialismandontheotherhand,thepastorallifefreeofmodernization.Atthesametime,idealismincharacterscanbetracedbacktotheoriginofromanticism.Romanticismisfromtheword"romance^whichreferstothenarrativeworksinMedievalAges.ThemedievalromanceisthedirectsourceofRomanticMovementinEuropeanditstraditionofmoldingperfectcharactersinsupermanstyleisfollowedbyromanticwriters.Inromanticworks,charactersassumemoredesirablehumanqualitiesforthesakeofshowingtheidealandsublimemoralcharacters.(FerberMichael,2~3)Theidealizedcharactersarethesetexamplestospeakfortheauthorandeducatethereaders.Duetothedissatisfactionwiththerealworld,surrealistisdemonstratedinromanticliteraturetounfoldapictureofidealisminfrontofreaders5eyes.Theartisticpresentationofthesurrealistliteraryspiritinromanticworksformstheidealworld,inwhichwritersfeelfreetoexpresstheirownfeelingsandwishes.LIIdealisminPerfectEndingsGrimm9sFairyTalesisusuallyregardedasfantasies.Inafantasy,whichis"anexplicitattemptmadetorenderplausiblethefictionalworlcT（黄蓿，7）,idealismfindsvividembodimentinthebook.Inordertoperformthefunctionasachildren^book,idealismisembodiedinthemesespeciallyitsperfectendings.Therearemanytalesinthisbook,andtheybelongtodifferentstorymodes.Buttheyhaveasimilarending.Thatistheheroinewillmarrytoaprinceandtheevilwillbepublishedordisappear. ThehappyendingoftheGrimm"sFairyTalesisalsoconnectedwiththesocialconditions.Thepeopleundertheruleofthefeudalismarealwaysinthelastwalkofthesociety.Theywishtheycanbetreatedequallyoneday.Theywishalltheunfairsystemsofthesocietycanbeabandoned.Theywishtheycanbetheirownleaderofthemselves.WhilethehappyendsoftheGrimm"sFairyTalesarecomfortstotheminsomeextent.Theycannotescapetherealworldandtheirhardship,whydonottheyfindahappyendintheGrimm"sFairyTales.Becauseitismoreidealistic,thesetaleshavesomeassimilationmodes.Thefirstmodelissoulsalvation.TheBriarRoseandLittleSnowWhitearenotbeslaveduntilyounghandsomeprincekissthem.Butthecompletionofthe"princess"ssalvation^isonlyrelatedtotheappearanceanddifficultiesexittheredemptionnotinthereality.Anyway,theSnowWhiteisslaved.Shelivedhappylifewithherprincesincethen.Thesecondmodelisthespiritualgrowth.Lifecontainsfourperiods,namelytheperiodofchildren,youngadulthood,middleageandoldage.Duetophysiologicalchanges,thetransitionperiodofchildhoodtoadolescenceistherevolutionofsoul.Romanticfairytalesoftheprotagonist"sgrowthsymbolizecreation,themainbodyofthelifeandhumannature.Thegrowthofthismotifhasmoreprofoundphilosophicalthinkingandaestheticcharm.Growthistheeternalthemeoffairytales.ButinGrimm"sFairyTales,trueself-identityandspiritualgrowthisdiverseandprofound・However,thegoodwillsucceedatlast.AsthelittlesisterinTheSixSwans,littlesisterofsixbrothersmustundergothetestofbeingnotspeakingnorlaughwithsewingleavesofgreenbamboosinordertorelievethecurseonherbrothersforsixyears.Duringtheseyearsshemarriedthekingandgavebirthtohertwokids,evenwhentheyandshewereindanger.Shecontrolledherwordsuntilshesucceededinsewing,lettingsixbrotherschangeback.Thistaleundoubtedlyhasamoreprofoundmetaphoricalmeaningwithreligiousfeelings.Thisisamorebreathtakingtales,butatlastthelittlesisterwins.However,thesetaleshavethesameendings,whichisthattheprinceandtheprincessliveahappylifefromthen.Happylifedoesnotalwaysexistinreality,butwecanseeitsromanticidealismfromit.Theevilwillbepublishedordisappeareventually,thekindheroorheroinewill.Romanticwritersexpresstheirhopetobuildagoodfuturethroughtheseendings.Theydarenotresistdominatorsbutuseeducatechildrentofightfortheirhappinessthroughthesetales. L2IdealisminSimpleCharactersTheclassicrevisedGrimmFairyTalesisunrealtaleswithalotofimaginations.Theymakeuseofimaginationtogetalotofpeople,thingsandsituationtogether.Theimaginablepeopleandthingsmoveandlivefreelyinthisunrealfairyworld.InoneoftheclassicrevisedGrimmysFairyTales.TheFrogKing,aprincesswenttoplaynearawell,shethrewaballbutdidnotgotitanditfellintothewell.Shebegantocry,andthenafrogappearedandsaidtotheprincess:“Kingsdaughter,youweepsothatevenastonewouldshowpity/5(GrimmJacob&Wilhelm,56)"Bequiet,anddonotweep,Icanhelpyou,butwhatwillyougivemeifIbringyourplaythingupagain?”herewemayask:howcanafrogsaywordslikehumans.ItisjustimaginatiomIntheFishermanandHiswife,afishermancaughtafish,Flounder,butsethimfree.Hiswifeaskedhimtofindthefishandaskforalotoftreasure.Howcanafishhavesuchgreatpower?Itisalsojustimagination.SothebasicfactoroftheclassicrevisedGrimm"sFairyTalesiscolorfulimaginationandtheimaginationisthesoulofthefairytales.Theimageoffairytalecharacterscanbedividedintothefollowingfourcategories.Thefirstoneistheimageofordinarypeoplereferstotheordinarypeoplefromdifferentidentitieslikecommonfarmersandcarpenterswiththeirgeneralstrength.Theyhavesmall,ordinaryappearance,butbenefitsomegoodqualities,suchasspeciallykind,orextremelyintelligence.Theseimagesoftenhavethedesireandfantasyofordinarypeople.Thesecondone,princeorprincessreferstoidealcharacters.Theyhaveeverything,wealthandbeautytogetherwithgoodwisdom.Thethirdoneisghostorspriteswithnorealityexistencebutoftenappearinfairytales.Thewitchorfairyimageiscompletelyinfancy.Thefourthoneistheanimalimage.(Cashdan,46〜48)Infairytales,animalsalsohavespirit,theycancommunicatewithhumanseffortlessly.Thefifthoneisvesselsimages,includingteatankandrocketshoesbuttheyandtheheroesdonottalk.Obviously,theformertwoareoftenfromnormalhumanmode,andthethirdbelongstosuperhumanmode,whilethelasttwobelongtohumanlikemode.Butthesecharactersallhavesimpleemotions,ifthecharacterisinpresentofjustice,thenheisgoodabsolutely,ontheopposite,ifheisofdevil,thenhewon"thavegoodqualitiesatall.Thesecharactersworftexistinrealitybutromanticworld.ChapterTvvoAdmiringNatureRomanticismadvocatestheworshipofnature,praisesthebeautyofnature,loveofnature,theharmonybetweenhumanandnature.Natureisapowerfulresource.TheFrenchphilosopherJean-JacquesRousseauisregardedasthefatherofRomanticism.Heisthefirst mantoadvocate"returntonature^,preachingthatcivilizedmenshouldreturntoaprimitivestateoflife.Romanticspreferredthecountrytothecity,enjoyingtheruralwalking.RousseauabandonedParisandretreatedtoanislandinLakeGeneva.TherehewroteTheReveriesofaSolitaryWalker,inwhichheillustratedhiscommunicationwiththeworldofnature.Hedefendsforthecommonmanandrejectsthecitylife.Hefoundspiritualsolacethroughconnectingwithnature.InBritain,themotif"returntonature^isbestexemplifiedbyWordsworth.Hislovefornatureisboundless.HesettledintheLakeDistrictofthenorthwestofEngland,alongwithColeridgeandRobertSouthey.Heoftentooklongdailywalksalonethroughthecountryside,andthecloseconnectionwithnaturegavehiminspirationtowritegreatpoems.ToWordsworth,naturedoesnotonlymeanthebeautifulscenes,suchastherivers,mountains,forestsandsoon,healsothinksthatnaturecansedateandinvigoratethehumanspirit.(范文瑚，51)HisideaaboutnaturehasblossomedintoanimportantRomanticdoctrine.2.1Forest:TheCombinationofNatureMysteryAnunusualfactis:GrimmFairyTalesthoughcomesfromthefolk,thebookcontains215talesrelatedtoforestandshowsloveandadmirationtoforest.（彭懿,3）Whytherearesomanyforestrelatedtopics?Ontheonehand,Germanyisaforestnest,literaturecreationisboundtorelatetoforest;butontheotherhand,forestinGrimm"sFairyTalesisnotpureforestitself,butinvolvedinthedevelopmentofthestoryandshowssomeoftheattributes,eventhesetaleshaveanothermeaningsuchas“gintreecanburstfragrancemakespeoplewhosmellitkneelontheground^.TreesonthegraveofCinderella"smotherhelpthelittlegirlthreetimeslettinghergototheprince"spartysuccessfully,marriedthehandsomeprinceatlast.TheTwoKings"Children,ARiddlingTaleandTheStrangeMusicianarealsotherepresentationsofforestcomplex.Theseunusualfairytaleswillbeaprimitiveculturerealmandmoreprofoundtoreaders.NatureinGrimm9sFairyTaleshasmysteriouspower;itsymbolizesthenormalpeopleprotectingtheirhomes.Godisasymbolofnationalsocialreproduction;itsuniquecharmisametaphorofdeeperculturalsignificance.TheendlessgrasslandandmysteriousforestsareusedmostasthebackgroundsoftheGrimm"sFairyTales.InTheLittleRedCap.thelittleredcapmetthegreatgreywolfintheforest.InTheLittleSnowWhite,thelittleprincessranawaytotheforestwhereshemetthesevendwarfsandtheyhelpedtheSnowWhitealot:.InTheSixSwans,thestoriesalsohappenedintheforest.Thelittleprincesstriedherbestandgotthroughalotofhardshipsand savedherbrothers.Nomatterwhethertheyareanimalsorhumans,theywouldfinishtheiradventures.MostofthebackgroundsintheGrimm"sFairyTalesaregrasslandsandforests,ratherthanseas,deserts,mountainsandsomethingelse.ThatisbecauseGermanyisacountrywhichownsalotofgrasslandsandforestsandtheGermanswouldcreatethetalesandstoriesbasedontheirfamiliarenvironment.“Whenthenightfalls,therearenopeopleintheforest,andtherebecomestheplacewheretalesareeasilycreated・SothatiswhyforestsarealwaysusedasthebackgroundsintheGrimmFairyTales.Forestisusuallythecombinationofmysteryandwonderfulstoriesalwaystakeplaceinhere.Theauthor"sromanticismtrendalsolayhere；（范文瑚,48）ForestisnotonlythecombinationofmysterybutonlythecenterofNordicspirit.2.1Animals:TheReleasingofNatureSpiritAsapartofnature,animalsarealwaystherepresentofnature.InGrimm"sFairyTalesalmosteverykindofthemhassuperabilityassing,speaking,usingmagicalpowerandtheyownthesameemotionswithpeople.Butthemostimportantthingisthattheircharactersarefromsimilartypesbecausetheykeeptheirnatureability.Andinthesetypes,theyjustbehavetheirnatureabilitiesbutmaywithmagicalpower.Iftheanimalissavageaseatmenandstealthefoodofthemthenitmustbeslyandcruel,representstheevil.Iftheanimalkeepsgoodrelationshipswithpeopleorevenjusthasprettyappearance,itistherepresentationofthegood・Romanticismjustfocusesonthenatureabilityofthings.ThecatinThePoorMiller"sBoyandtheCatisagoodexample.Thethirdboywasdunceandwaslookedonasfoolishbyothers.Hewasbaitedbythetwoolderapprenticesandtheoldmiller.Oneday,theoldermillersaidtohisthreeapprenticesthatwhobroughthisthebesthorsehome,hewouldgetthemill.Thethreeapprenticeswentoutandwhenitwasnighttheycametoacaveinwhichtheylaiddowntosleep.ThetwosmartoneswaiteduntilHanshadfallenasleep,thentheygotup,andwentaway,leavingHansinthecave.Theythoughttheydidacleverthing,butitturnedoutillforthem.TheyneverthoughtthatHanswouldmeetthecatprincess.HedidalotofthingsforthecatprincessandthecatprincesswasmovedbyHans.ThecatprincessletHansgohomefirstandshewouldseehimwiththehorsethreedayslater.Whenhereachedhome,thetwootherapprenticeswerethereaswell,andeachofthem,certainlyhadbroughtahorsewithhim,butoneofthemwasablindone,andtheotherlame.ButtheystilllaughedatHansashedidnotbringbackahorseatall.Hanswenttotheparlor, butthemillersaidhewouldnotsitdowntotable,forhewassoraggedandtornthattheywouldbeashamedofhimifanyonecamein.Sotheygavehimaverysmallplace,andatnightwhentheywenttorest,thetwobrotherswouldnotlethimhaveabedandatlasthewasforcedtocreepintothegoose-house,andliedownonalittlehardstraw.Whilethreedayslater,thecatprincesscametothemillerwithsevenhorsesandtheseventhhorsewasforHans.Whentheoldermillersawthehorse,hesaidthatsuchahorseasthathadneveryetenteredhisyard.ThecatprincesstookthefaithfulHansanddroveawaywithhim.Theyfirstdrovetothelittlehousewhichhehadbuiltanditbecameagreatcastle.Thecatprincessmarriedhimandhewasrich,sorichthathehadenoughforalltherestofhislife.Afterreadingthisstory,oneeversaythatanyonewhoissillycanneverbecomeapersonofimportance...(纪飞，119-120)Grimm"sFairyTalesjustusesthesestoriesnotonlytoteachchildrenoneandmoretruthsandalsotoshowtheauthorsadmirationtonature.Inromanticworks,natureobjectsarevivid,romanticwritershatetodescribereality,theyalsodepictnatureotherthanimagination.Natureisagoodplacetoavoiddarknature.Natureanimalsreleasetheirnaturespiritfreelywithimaginations.ChapterThreeEmphasizingEmotionExpressionThephilosophersandwritersinRomanticageemphasizeemotioninsteadofreason.Jean-JacquesRousseaurejectstheworshipofreason.Hedeclaresthatpeopleshouldrelyonfeelingsandfollowtheinstinctsandemotions.EdmundBurkealsocontributestotheshiftfromemphasisonreasontoinstinctandemotion.Romanticwritersfocustheirattentiononemotionalstates,especiallyonthethemesofmelancholyandlove.InGermanliterature,GoetherdepictsatragiclovesickheroWerther,andthephilosopherofpessimism,ArthurSchopenhauer(1788-1860)expressesthegloomysideofRomanticismindetails.InFrance,theprotagonistsinliteratureworksusuallyarepainful,sufferingfromestrangementwithlifeandtheworld・InBritain,itisanageofpoetryinwhichthepoetsstressthefeelingsandemotions.Melancholyandlonelinessarepervasiveinromanticpoems.Forexample,inWordsworth^IWanderedLonelyasaCloud.44Fasolitarywalkerinwoods,findspleasureinthebeautyofnature;inTheSolitaryReaper,thesingleyounggirlsingsinamelancholytune;inTheOldCumberlandBeggar,thebeggarlivesinhelplessandsolitudecondition.ByrorfspoemWhenWeTwoPartedexpressesthesorrowofaladywhoisbetrayedbyherlover;the lonelyandgloomyprotagonistsinTheGiaourandDonJuanwallowingriefanddespair.(FordJennifer,66)3.1StrongSubjectivityItisusuallyconsideredthatsubjectivityisthemostessentialfeatureofromanticism・Itisalsothefoundationofachievingidealizationinromanticism.ThesuccessofTheFrenchRevolutionledtonosatisfactoryresultstobothsides.Thewholesocietyisshroudedindepression.Theromantictrendmarkedwithanti-traditionandidealismemergedundersuchcircumstances.InfluencedbyGermanclassicphilosophy,spiritualegoisthekey.AsearlierdefinitioncomesfromCharlesBaudelaire,"Romanticismispreciselysituatedneitherinthechoiceofsubjectnorexacttruth,butinthewayoffeeling^Romanticismemphasizestheexpressionofthewriter^subjectiveideasandinnerfeelings.Theauthor^subjectiveinitiativeisinfinitelyexaggerated・（朱立;/匚25）ThesubjectivityinGrimm"sFairyTalesexhibitseverywhere.TheemotioninGrimm"sFairyTalesispure.Loveandhateareclearlyexpress.Thereseemstobestiffboundaries,notaleisaboutmurder,incestandothervulgarthemes.Thisbookgivesafeelingofsafety.Notonlychildrenliketoreadit,butonlytheirparentsarewillingthemtoreadit.TheclassicrevisedGrimm"sFairyTalesimplicatealotofwisdomofmorality,suchasbraveness,generosity,kindness,smartnessandsoon・TheCinderellatellsthepeopletheyshouldnotjustseethesurfaceofthethingsandtheniceoneswillbefoundatlast.TheFrog-Kingtellsthemthattheyshouldkeeptheirwordsiftheymakeapromisetosomeone.WhileTheLittleRedCapimpliestothemthattheyshouldnotbelieveinsomeone,asthestrangermaybeabadman.Actually,theclassicrevisedGrimmFairyTalesisfullofthephilosophyofthemorality.AndthechildrenmustbenefitalotwhentheyreadtheclassicrevisedGrimm"sFairyTales.Thebeliefthatevilcanneverprevailgoodisthebiggestsubjectivity.3.2StrongMilitancyTherevolutionwasrootedintheGerman,SturmundDrangmovement,whichprizedintuitionandemotionoverEnlightenmentrationalism,theideologiesandeventsoftheFrenchRevolutionlaidthebackgroundfromwhichbothRomanticismandtheCoimter-Enlightenmentemerged.Romanticwritersusetheirworktoobeythetradition,resistreality-（朱立14）Somilitancyisanimportantfeature.WhenGrimm"sFairyTaleswascollected,theNordicisin decentralizedform,BrothersGrimmwereinfluencedbycontemporaryromanticwritersdeeply,hopetoarisesleepingNordicbythiscollection.InGrimmysFairyTales,everystoryplotdevelopjustbecausemilitancy.IftheheroesorheroinesdorTtdefenseagainsttheirenemies,theyarebidtodie.InTheThumbing,thesufferingexperiencewereevenmoreadventurous,atfirst,thelittlethingwasboughtbytwostrangersfromhisparentsontheway,hecouldescapedfromthetwostrangerssuccessfullyandgotintoamousehole,thenhehelpedtopreventtherichpastor"smoneyfrombeingstolen.Butinthenestmorning,hewasswallowedbyacowwiththehey.Hecriedandthepastorkilledthecowandhewassaved.Unfortunately,notuntilhegotoutofthecow，sstomach,awolfswallowedthewholestomach;thelittleThumbingcheatedthewolftotheplaceofhisfatherandgotsavedatlast.Allthetalesarefantasticandinteresting,magicalandweird.Sotheyfullysatisfythecuriousnatureofthechildrentopursuetheadventure,thechangeandthenewthingSeEveninLittleSnowWhite,theheroineLittleSnowWhitealwaystrustsothers,anddorftfollowthesevendwarfsadvice,sobeharmedandneartodeath・ItseemsLittleSnowWhitedoesn^thavemilitancy,butthesevendwarfsandfortunehelpher,theevilwasfightbykindnessandbeauty.Thestoryisalsoofmilitancy.Thechildrenwillalsolearntoresistthefatewhichispositiveromanticismfocuson.ChapterFourUsingRomanticWritingSkillsInadditiontotheidealismofromanticismandthreepursuitstoromanticism,theromantictechniquesinGrimmFairyTalesprovidefurtherevidencefortheromanticelementsembodiedinthebook.Theuseofimagination,exaggeration,andsymbolsfurtherstressestheembodimentoftheromanticcolorsinthebookandaddsappealandvaluetothebook.4.1UseofImaginationAsdiscussedinchapterone,imaginationisemployedwidelyintheromanticworksasarepresentationoftheauthor^innerfeelings.VictorHugooncesaidthatthecreativityofromanticwriters,asamatteroffact,derivedfromtheimagination,theobservationandcontemplationofnature,societyandhumanbeings."Oursocietyisdevelopingitselfinthegreatnatureandnaturehasgivenbirthtosociety."（朱立7G,11)Thepoetsonlyhavetwoeyes.Oneiswatchingoverhumanbeings,theotheriswatchingovernature.Theformeris calledobservation,whilethelatteriscalledimagination.Thereforeimaginationisthekeytoromanticism.Romanticwriterspaymuchattentiontoimaginationbecauseitcanhelptoexpresstheemotionsandwishesfreeoftherestraintsofreallife.Imaginationisnottheabilitytoreflectthefacts,butthefacultytorevealthepossibility.Mostimportantly,itistheinteractiveactivitybetweenthespiritandtheexternalworld,throughwhichtheordinarythingsarerevealedwithanextraordinaryappearance.Soimaginationhasbeenelevatedtothesupremacybytheromanticwritersandconsideredthesoulofromanticism.(吕梁,221)BecauseinGrimmFairyTales,allpeopleoranimalsliveinamagicalfantasticworldandenvironmentdeterminesthemostimportantfeatureoftheircharactersregardlesstheirrealityandillusion.AstheSwissscholarMaxLuethisaid:"realityandimaginationinterweavetogetherinchildren，sworld."吕梁，221)Devildoesnotneedtoappearwithlightingandpealsofthunderinfairytale.Animalscanspeak.Whenthecharactersinthestorymeetafairy,theyworTtbesurprise.WhentheLittleRedCapwasswallowedbythewolf,thehuntercanopenitsstomacheasilytosaveherandhergrandmother.WhenCinderella9sisterscutsomepartsoftheirfeettofittheglassslipper,theydon^tseemtofeeltherealpain.Dreamisnotfaraway,butcloseathand.Therelationshipisnotsignificant,thecausalrelationshipbetweenthedailylivescannotbeconsidered.4.2UseofExaggerationTheuseofexaggerationisusuallytogetherwiththeuseofimagination.Assubjectivityisthemostessentialfeatureofromanticism,exaggerationisthemostcommonlyusedtechnique.Intheidealizedworldbuiltoutofimagination,exaggerationofthefavoredplaysaroleinattainingthegoalbecauseintherealworldtheremustbethefavorableandtheunfavorableexistingatthesametimeandtheclashesbetweenthemareunexpectedandinevitable.Meanwhile,whatshouldbeemphasizedisthatexaggerationscanbetracedbacktothereality.Drawnfromthereality,oneaspectorfactorisoverstatedtosetthedesiredexample.Therealityisthereality,anditcannotbetheartbyitself.Buttheliteraryworkistheartisticexaggerationofthereality.(Ford,Jennifer,23)InthefantasyworldinGrimm"sFairyTales,exaggerationisfullyemployedtocontributealot.Justbecausethesetalesaretales,theuseofexaggerationisunavoidable.AndinGrimm"sFairyTalesexaggerationsarehereandthere.Attheonehand,thecharactersaresuperobjectswithhumanfeatures.Justlikethefrogking,thewolf,theswans,theboneandthewishing-table.Wizard,spiritandmonsterscanspeakandcommunicatewithhumanwithhuman languageisnotsostrange,becausetheyjustexistinvirtualworld,andaregiventhepowertousehumanlanguagewhichwecarftdoubt.However,animalsandothernaturalobjectsallobtainthisfunction.Besideslanguages,theycansing,joke,danceandevenhavebetterideasthanhuman.Thebiggestexaggerationistheemotionstheybear・Theyloveandhate,getangryandrevenge.Behappyandsad.Theiremotionspromotethedevelopmentofplots.Attheotherhand,theairangementoftheplotsisunusual.Whenheroesencounterdifficulties,thesavioralwaysappeardroppingfromthecloudsinrighttimeandplace,oncethetaskcomplete,theywillbedisappearatonce,orreproduce.Thesecharactershavenoconnectionswithoutsideworld.Theyaresingleindividuals.Everythingtheyexperienceisanewexperience.Whentheystartatask,theyabsolutelydoitwithouttears,withoutsweat.“Theprinceandprincessliveahappylife，，isthecommonending.Becauseoftheirattachment,theycanestablishnewrelationshipatanytimewithanyoneanddoanything.MaxLuethicallsthis"novisibleconnectionwithoutsideworlcTand"invisiblegrowthofnature^.(彭懿，14)Atthesametime,thereisnogapbetweenrealityandfantasyworldinthefairytale,soestablishingnewrelationshipispossibleandnormal.4.2UseofSymbolsSymbolismisgivengreatprominenceintheromanticconceptionofart.Intheromanticview,symbolsarethehumanaestheticcorrelativesofnature^emblematiclanguage.Itisvaluedbecauseitcouldsimultaneouslysuggestmanythings,andthusthoughtissuperiortotheone-to-onecommunications.Useofallusionisanothereffectivewayofbringingtheideasup.Thepureexplanationoftheobjectivethemesisnotpowerfulfromthestandofthelongtraditionofliterarycreation.Sometimestheideasbetweenthelinesinthebookarealittleabstractordifficulttoconvey,andsymbolsareusedtohelptobuildtheconcreteform.GrimmFairyTalesisatypicalexampleofyoungadultliterature.Butitissimultaneouslywelcomedandenjoyedbytheadultsbecauseitcangetthedifferentinterpretationsduetotheuseofsymbols.Grimm"sFairyTalesalwaysreflectthelifeoftailors,shoemakers,scholars,soldiers,servantswhoarefromthebasisofsociety.Thesekindsofstoriesaccountedforabout40%.SuchasCinderella.TheseTwelveBrothersandTheBremenTownMusicians.Thecharactersareofthesametype:praisekind,loyal,hardworkingcharacters.Theygethappylifeatlastwiththelossofthemonsterorwizard,orstepmother.Itjustsymbolizethewinofjustice,happinesswillcomeatlast.Itisthebeautifuldreamsofpeople.(ZipesJack,60)GrimmFairyTalesalsocollectedtaleslikeTheGodfather,GodfatherDeathandThe PeasantinHeaventoridiculegodfatherandparadise.Theyexpressthehateofpeopletogod・Thethoughttogotoparadiseiswrong.Thiscontributestoromanticismactivityobviouslyandisthebestsymbolofuglychurch.AndtheanimalstorieslikeTheWolfandTheFox.TheDogandtheSparrow.TheBeamandsoonaremoreofsymbols.Theseanimalshavethesamelanguagesandthoughtswithmenandtheysymbolizeakindofperson.Storieswouldbemoreinterestingthroughtheactofanimals.ConclusionGrimmysFairyTalesisthemostclassicworksinromanticliteratureallaroundtheworld.Untilnow,thetalesintheGrimm"sFairyTaleshavebeentranslatedinto160languages,andthisgrantworkhasbeentreasureofthechildren^literatureoftheworld・TheGrimmbrotherslookedtheworldfromtheviewofchildrenandsketchedanimaginableandcolorfulfairyworld.Grimm"sFairyTalescontributesalottotheriseofromanticismthroughidealismofromanticism,romanticthemesandromantictechniquesinthesefairytales.Theypraisethebeautyofnatureandtheharmonybetweenhumanandnature,andsetsnatureasthebackdropfortheimportantplots.Thebookemphasizesthesincereloveandthebeautyofthecommonpeople.Thesevariousaspectsarebasicallythemajorconcernsandfocusofromanticwritings.Subjectivityisthefundamentalcharacteristicofalmostallromanticliteraryworks.Nature,inevitably,haslongbeenconsideredauniversalsubjectofromanticwriting.Andinthisbook,theoutpouringsanddeepadmirationofnaturecanbefullywitnessedeverywhere.Arangeofartistictechniquesalsorevealsthestrongromanticfeaturesofthisbook,mainlyinvolvingthefulluseofimaginationandromanticism.Romanticismcanalsobedetestedfromcharactersandtheirideology.Romanticismcanbedividedintopositiveandnegativeaspect.GrimmFairyTalesisapositiveromanticism.BrothersGrimmbestowedontheprotagonistsgoodqualities,excellentmoralcharactersandnobleemotionstomakereadersdevelopintenseadmirationformarfsmoralwisdom.Thereareclearcomparisonsbetweenthefainandfoul,thebeautyandtheugliness.Thegood-naturalprotagonistsexhibitunlimitedcourageandwarm-heart,andshowastrongsenseofjusticeandrighteousness.Thekindprotagonists,whetheritisprincess,alittleanimalorjustaplant,will livehappilyintheend.Whiletheevilones,thewitch,thewolforthestep-motherwillgetpunishmentatlast.Thebenevolentmannerandbehaviorofthesepositiveprotagonistsenablethemtogainhelpandsupportfromothers.Grimm9sFairyTalesisfullofromanticelements,buttillnow,nosystematicstudyintheromanticelementsofthisbookcanbefound.ThispaperisnotperfectenoughbutIhopeitcanmakepeoplelearnGrimmXFairyTalesmoredeeplyandprovidesomehelpforlatterresearchers.Bibliography[1]Cashdan,S.TheWitchMustDie：HowFairyTaleShapeOurLives[M].NewYork:BasicBooks,1999.[2]Cohen,D.HowtheChikTsMindDevelops[MJ.NewYork:Routledge:Taylor&.FrancisGroup,2002.⑶Ferber,Michael.ACompaniontoEuropeanRomanticism[M].England:BlackwellPub,2005.[4]Ford,Jennifer.ColeridgeonDreaming:Romanticism,DreamsandtheMedicalImagination[M].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1998.⑸Franz,M.L.V.TheInterpretationofFairyTales[M].Boston:ShambhalaPublications,1996・[6]Grimm.Jacob&Wilhelm.TheCompleteIllustratedFairyTalesoftheBrothersGrimm.[MlLondon:WordsworthEditionsLimited,1997・[7]Zipes,Jack.BreakingtheMagicSpell:RadicalTheoriesofFolkandFairyTales[M].Lexington:TheUniversityPressofKentucky,2002・[8]范文瑚.外国浪漫主义文学三十讲[M].贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1989.[9]方仁工.走进斑斓的童话世界[M].上海：上海教育出版社，2006.[10]格林兄弟.格林童话全集[M].纪飞译.北京：清华大学出版社，2006.[11]黄蓿.浅谈童话中的幻想[J]•学术论坛,2001(1).[12]金近.论格林童话[M].上海：少年儿童出版社，1986.[13]张鹅鹏.论《格林童话》经典篇目对儿童的教育意义[J].天津：天津理工大学出版社,2013(1).[14]彭懿.走进魔法森林[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2010.[15]以赛亚•伯林，亨利•哈代编.浪漫主义的根源[M].吕梁译.译林出版社，2011.[16]周作人.儿童文学小论中国新文学的源流[M].石家庄：河北教育出版社，2001.[17]朱立元.当代西方文艺理论[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社，1997. AcknowledgmentsThispaperwasfinishedunderMsYang，skindlyconcernandconcentratedguidance.Fromtheselectingoftitleofthepapertothecompletionofthepaper,MsYangdevotedalargemountofenergy.MsYangpointedoutthespecificproblemsinthepaperpatierUlyandtaughtustheretrievalskillstohelpusgetthedataweneed.MsYang9sprofoundknowledge,rigorousscholarship,workingstyleofpolishingthepolish,andpersonalityofbeingunpretentiousandapproachablehaveafar-reachingimpactonme.IwouldliketoextendmysinceregratitudetoMsYang.Withoutherhelpandguidance,mythesiscouldnothavecompletedsmoothly.AndIalsowouldliketothankmyclassmateswhosharetheirvaluableexperienceandknowledgewithme.Fvegotalotofbeneficialinspirationfromthem.Finally,Iwouldliketothankmyfamilyfortheirencouragementandsupporting.Thispaperisfarfromthefinishingline.Thedeficiencyinthepaperwillbemynewstartingpointinthenewjourney.