高考英语一轮复习专项训练阅读理解(人物故事)及解析.docx 16页

高考英语一轮复习专项训练阅读理解(人物故事)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类1．阅读理解Twenty-oneyearsago,myhusbandgavemeSam,aneight-week-oldschnauzer（雪纳瑞犬）,tohelpeasethelossofourdaughter.SamandIdevelopedaveryspecialbondoverthenextyears.Atonepoint,myhusbandandIdecidedtomovetoanewhomeinNewJersey.Ourneighbor,whosecathadrecentlyhadkittens,askedifwewouldlikeone.WewerealittleapprehensiveaboutSam"sjealousyandhowhewouldhandlehisturf（地盘）beinginvaded,butwedecidedtoriskit.Wepickedalittle,gray,playfulballofFur.Sheracedaroundchasingimaginarymiceandsquirrelsandjumpedfromtabletochairintheblinkofaneye,sowenamedherLightning.Atfirst,SamandLightningwereverycautiouswitheachotherandkepttheirdistance.Butslowly,LightningstartedfollowingSam—upthestairs,downthestairs,intothekitchen.Later,whentheyslept,itwasalwaystogether;whentheyate,itwasalwaysnexttoeachother.WhenItookeitheroneout,theotherwasalwayswaitingbythedoorwhenwereturned.Thatwasthewayitwasforyears.Then,withoutanywarning,Samwasdiagnosedashavingaweakheart.Ihadnootherchoicebuttohavehimputdown.ThepainwasnothingcomparedwithwhatIexperiencedwhenIhadtowalkintoourhousealone.Thistime,therewasnoSamforLightningtogreetandnowaytoexplainwhyshewouldneverseeherfriendagain.Inthefollowingdays,Lightningseemedheart-broken.Icouldseethedisappointmentinhereyeswheneveranyoneopenedthefrontdoor,orthehopewheneversheheardadogbark.OnedayasIwalkedintoourlivingroom,IhappenedtoseeLightningwaslyingnexttothesculpturedreplica（复制品）ofSamthatwehadboughtafewyearsago,onearmwrappedaroundthestatue"sneck,contentedlysleepingwithherbestfriend.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"apprehensive"inparagraph2mean?A.Shocked.B.Curious.C.Worried.D.Eager.（2）HowdidSamgetalongwithLightningatfirst?（3）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.LightningknewSamhaddied.B.SammeansalottoLightning.C.WetookLightninghometoaccompanySam.D.SamcamebacktostaywithLightningagain.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.TheFriendshipbetweenSamandLightning B.TheComingofSamandLightningC.TheDeathofSamtoLightningD.TheImportanceofSamtoUs【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊，当宠物狗死了之后，猫很伤心，当发现宠物狗地雕像时，很开心地睡在其"朋友"的身边。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Sam"sjealousyandhowhewouldhandlehisturf（地盘）beinginvaded,butwedecidedtoriskit.可知，”害怕Sam嫉妒，以及怎么处理被入侵的领地，但是依然决定冒险，故可知，作者害怕领养一只猫会对宠物狗造成不好的影响，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Atfirst,SamandLightningwereverycautiouswitheachotherandkepttheirdistance.可知，起初”Sam和Lightning都对对方很谨慎，保持一定距离，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“OnedayasIwalkedintoourlivingroom,IhappenedtoseeLightningwaslyingnexttothesculpturedreplica（复制品）ofSamthatwehadboughtafewyearsago,onearmwrappedaroundthestatue"sneck,contentedlysleepingwithherbestfriend.可”知，作者一天进屋发现Lightning躺在Sam的复制品的旁边，一个爪子搭载雕像的脖子上，和她的好朋友心满意足地入睡了，故可知，Sam对于Lightning来说，很重要，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊，当宠物狗死了之后，猫很伤心，当发现宠物狗地雕像时，很开心地睡在其"朋友"的身边，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解Abiologistoncecriticizedforstealingeggsfromthenestsoftherarestbirdintheworldhasbeenawardedthe"NobelPrize"ofconservationafterhismethodssavedninespeciesfromextinction.ProfessorCarlJoneswonthe2016IndianapolisPrize---thehighestaccoladeinthefieldofanimalconservation---forhis40yearsofworkinMauritius,wherehesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombecomingthenextGreatAuk.Whenthe61-year-oldfirsttravelledtotheeastAfricanislandinthe1970s,hewastoldtoclosedownaprojecttosavetheMauritiuskestrel.Atthetimetherewerejustfourleftinthewild,makingittherarestbirdonEarth.However,hestayed,usingthetechniquesofcaptivebreeding(人工繁殖),whichinvolvedsnatchingeggsfromthebirds"nestsandhatching(孵化)themunderincubators,promptingthemotherstolayanothersetofeggsinthewild. Adecadelater,thenumberofMauritiuskestrelshadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.Thebiologisthasalsobeennecessaryineffortstobringotherrarespeciesbackfromtheedgeofextinction,includingthepinkpigeon,echoparakeetandRodrigueswarbler.ProfJoneswasawardedthe$250,000(￡172,000)prizeataceremonyinLondon."Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn"tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,"reflectingonthestartofhiscareer,hesaidtheMaurutiuskestrelprojecthadbeenseenasa"deadloss"atthetime.Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.ProfJoneshasdevotedhiswholelifetohiswork,onlybecomingafatherforthefirsttimeeightyearsago,at53.Hesaidreceivingtheprizewasparticularlyimportanttohim,becauseitprovedthathisworktosavebirdswasright.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"accolade"meaninParagraph2?A.returnB.levelC.honorD.research（2）Accordingtothepassage,GreatAukis________.A.anendangeredbirdB.anextinctbirdC.apopularbirdD.afiercebird（3）WhatcanweknowfromthefiguresinParagraph4?（4）ProfJones"ideaoftakingeggsfromthebirds"nests________.A.wasprovedofnouseB.waswidelyacceptedC.waspromotedofficiallyD.wascriticizedbysomepeople【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了生物学家CarlJones通过人工繁殖的方式是濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加，并且因此获得了2016年的印第安的波利斯奖。（1）考查词义猜测。第二段中的“forhis40yearsofworkinMauritius,wherehesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombecomingthenextGreatAuk.是对前面句子”的补充说明，再由“wonthe2016IndianapolisPrize可推知，”这里的accolade与获奖有关，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“wherehesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombecomingthenextGreatAuk”可知，他保护了濒临灭绝的红隼，使他免于遭受GreatAuk的情况，因此可知GreatAuk是一种已经灭绝的鸟类，选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Adecadelater,thenumberofMauritiuskestrelshadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.”可知红隼的数量已经开始增加了，所以推断出人工繁殖的方法很有效，故选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Abiologistoncecriticizedforstealingeggsfromthenestsoftherarestbirdintheworldhasbeenawardedthe"NobelPrize"ofconservationafterhismethodssavedninespeciesfromextinction.；以”及倒数第二段中的“Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.可知Jones”教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解Iwaitedhalfanhour,settheboard,andsatinthestudio,reviewingmyquestionsuntilthetelephonelinesflashed."Hello?""ThisisConnieChung.I"msosorryI"mlate."ConnieChungwasoneoftheonlyfourwomenanchors（主播）tomakeitintotheclubofmajoreveningnetworktelevisionnews.Foralmostanhourwetalkedabouttheindustry.WhenIaskedifsheeverhadaninstructorthroughouthertrials,sheturnedaroundandofferedtoinstructme.WhenIaskedwhyshedecidedtodoit,shesimplyreplied,"Becauseyou"regood."ThatafternoonIrushedhomeandtoldmymotherwhathadhappened.Withoutlookingup,shejustsaid"Goodforyou."Hearingthis,Ifeltasenseofloss.Herconsistentresponsealwaysmademefeelunder-appreciated.UntilthenIhadbeensearchingforsomethingthatIwouldneverget—thatsenseofloveandacceptanceinahousefullofnegativity（消极）.IknewIneededtogetridofallthenegativityinmylifefirst,soIpackedmybagsandwalkedoutofthehouse,thinkingariskwouldallowmetoopenmyselftotheworldagainandreceiveallthepositiveenergythatIneeded.Thenradiobecamemywayofconnectingwithothers.Myabilitytobookhigh-levelguestsandcelebrities（名人）wasgraduallyrecognizedandeventuallyallthewordsofencouragementfrompastguestsandcolleagueshelpedmetore-buildmyconfidencelevels."Icandothis,"Ikepttellingmyself,andpushedevenhardertofindmynextaim.Peoplehadfaithinme,soIdevelopedfaithinmyself.Theirpositiveattitudestowardsthemselvesandtowardsmehelpedmedevelopmyownpositiveattitude,leadingtoproductiveinteractionswithcelebritiesandaddingtomylistofinstructors.ImaynothavestartedlifesurroundedbypositivitybutIsurelyfeelthatIamsurroundedbyitnow.It"samazinghowpositivitybuildsonitself.（1）Whatwastheauthorprobablydoingatthebeginningofthetext?A.Hewaspreparingforashow.B.Hewaslookingforaninstructor.C.Hewaswaitingtobeinterviewed.D.Hewasbroadcastingnewsinthestudio.（2）Howdidtheauthor"smotherreactwhentoldaboutConnie"sdecision?A.Shefeltexcited.B.Shedidn"tbelieveit. C.Shewasverygrateful.D.Shedidn"ttakeitseriously.（3）Whydidtheauthorleavehome?A.Tobroadenhisview.C.Tokeepawayfromnegativity.B.Toescapepunishment.D.Tosetupahomeofhisown.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheStrengthofPositivityC.MyAbilityinManagementB.MyGoalinCareerD.TheFriendshipBetweenAnchors【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在主持节目过程中遇到的一些朋友和导师，他们积极乐观的态度以及对作者的信任，给作者带来了力量，从而使作者也变得更加积极主动，同时也取得了成功。（1）考查推理判断。根据前四段中出现的"reviewingmyquestions"以及"Iaskedifsheeverhadaninstructor"等可推知，作者是在为主持一个访谈节目做准备，在这个节目中他将问ConnieChung一些问题。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Withoutlooking知，当被告知Connie的决定时，作者的妈妈对作者将接受up,shejustsaid"Goodforyou.""可ConnieChung指导的事情没有当回事。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“IknewIneededtogetridofallthenegativityinmylifefirst可”知，作者离开家是为了摆脱家庭中的消极影响。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要讲述了作者在主持节目过程中遇到的一些朋友和导师，他们积极乐观的态度以及对作者的信任，给作者带来了力量，让作者也变得更加积极主动，从而迈向一个接一个的目标。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解Itisobviousthatallofourchildhoodmemoriesarenotaccidental.Whenyouareachild,everyscent,everysound,everymove,everytoy,thefirstdayofschool,thefirstkiss,thefirststepEverythingtogethermakeswhatisthepersonalityofaman.Allthesearepiecesofonewholeentity.Iwasabout6yearsold.Mymom"sbestfriendlefttoanothertownandaskedmymomtostayatherplacewithmefortwodaysinordertolookafterhertwosons.OnewasalittleolderthanIwas,andthesecondboyappearedtobesupergrown-up,forhewasalreadyfourteen.Ialwaysenjoyedstayingattheirplace.Iremembertheseconddayweweresupposedtohavethecome-backpartyformymom"sfriendatherplace.Iwokeup.Momwenttoworkandremindedmetobeniceandcleanbythe timeshecameback.IstayedwithTony,theolderoftheboysandsuddenlysomebodycalledhimandthoughhewasnotpermittedtoleavemealone-heleft.Hesaiditwouldnotbelong.Butittookhimforever.IrealizedthatIwasalone.Icouldnotcomeoutofthehouse,soIopenedthewindow.Iwassodesperate.Solonely.Sobetrayed.AtthatmomentIpulledthecurtainsostronglythatIfellonthefloor.AndthereIwasstanding-onelittlecriminal-desperatetoescapeandknowingthatIwouldbepunishedfordestroyingthecurtainthatwasnotevenours.Butthensomethingchanged.Istoppedweeping.IlookedaroundandrealizedthatIwasinasafeplace,andthatmomwouldcomebackandkissmenomatterwhatIhaddone.Thiswasamomentofpurehappiness,notthehappinessofgettinganewtoyoradog,orgoingtothepartyofyourbestfriend.Itwasthemomentofclarityforme-thefirsttimeinmylifewhenIrealizedthatIwashappytohavemymomandthatIwassafe.Myeyessawtheworldindifferentshadesthatmoment.Andbytheway-Iwasnotpunishedforthecurtain.Ifellasleeponmymom"sknees.（1）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnUnforgettablePartyB.AChildhoodMemoryC.AHappyDayinMyMom"sBestFriend"sHomeD.TheRulesYouShouldFollow（2）Whatbestdescribestheauthor"sfeelingstowardchildhoodmemories?（3）Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhewas6yearsold?（4）Inthelastparagraph,theword"It"refersto______.A.themomenthereceivedapresentfromhismomB.thetimehespentinmom"sfriend"shomeC.themomentherealizedhismom"sloveD.thetimehedestroyedthecurtain【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了一个让自己印象深刻的童年记忆。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Itisobviousthatallofourchildhoodmemoriesarenotaccidental."可知，我们所有的童年记忆都不是偶然的，作者就讲述了一个让自己印象深刻的童年记忆，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Everythingtogethermakeswhatisthepersonalityofaman."可知，作者认为这些童年记忆塑造了一个人的人格，故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Icouldnotcomeoutofthehouse,soIopenedthewindow."及"AtthatmomentIpulledthecurtainsostronglythatIfellonthefloor."可知，六岁的时候，作者被锁在屋子里，没能从窗户出去，而且还弄坏了窗帘，故选D。（4）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中的"wasthemomentofclarityforme-thefirsttimeinmylifewhenIrealizedthatIwashappytohavemymomandthatIwassafe."可知，这是我人生中第一次意识到有妈妈在，我很安全，由此可知，it指代的就是意识到妈妈的爱的那一刻，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers"questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn"tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether."Whydon"tyoutravelwithus?"oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel"sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I"vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn"tpickedupthephone.（1）By"Mystomachwasinknots"(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas______.A.sickofridingonabumpybusB.nervousofmeetingstrangersC.upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan（2）Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A.Courageousbutdisrespectful.B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D.Homelessbutlighthearted. （3）Theauthor"ssixthsensetoldherthat______.（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor"slifelongfriends.B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。（1）考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的"Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn"tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher."可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"‘Whydon"tyoutravelwithus?’oneofthebackpackersoffered"可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据"Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould"可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes."可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能也就是第六感说了"好"，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone."可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，以及最后一段中的"ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn"tpickedupthephone."者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及句义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。可知作6．阅读理解Duringtheperiodfrom1660through1800,GreatBritainbecametheworld"sleader.Languageitselfbecamesubmittedtorulesduringthisperiod.ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.GuidestotheEnglishlanguagehadbeeninexistencebeforeJohnsonbeganhisprojectin1746. These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords.Whendefinitionsofcommonwordsweresupplied,theywereoftenunhelpful.Forexample,a"horse"wasdefinedinanearlydictionaryas"abeastwellknown".Johnsonchangedallthat,butthetaskwasnotaneasyone.Rentingahouseat17GoughSquare,Johnsonbeganworkingintheworstofconditions.Supportedonlybyhispublisher,JohnsonworkedontheDictionarywithfiveassistants.ComparedtotheFrenchAcademy"sdictionary,whichtookfortyworkersfifty-fiveyearstocomplete(1639-1694),Johnson"sdictionarywascompletedbyveryfewpeopleveryquickly.Balancedonachairwithonlythreelegs,Johnsonsatagainstawallinaroomfilledwithbooks.Johnsonwouldreadwidelyfromthesebooks,markpassagesillustratingtheuseofaparticularword,andgivethebookstohisassistantssothattheycouldcopythepassagesonslipsofpaper.TheseslipswerethenstucktoeightylargenotebooksunderthekeywordsthatJohnsonhadselected.Fixingthewordbythismethod,Johnsoncouldrecordaword，susageanditsdefinition.Howmanypassageswereused?AccordingtoJohnson"smodernbiographerWalterJacksonBate,theoriginaltotalnumbercouldhavebeenover240,000.Howmanywordsweredefinedbythelexicographer?Over40,000wordsappearedintwolargebooksinAprilof1755.DidJohnsonfullyunderstandthehugetaskhewasundertakingwhenhebegan?AshetoldhiscontemporarybiographerJamesBoswell,"IknewverywellwhatIwasundertakingandverywellhowtodoit—andhavedoneitverywell."（1）WhatistheproblemofearlyEnglishdictionaries?A.Theyonlyoffersimplepictures.B.Theylistjustafewforeignwords.C.Theysimplygivesometranslations.D.Theyaddnomorethansomebigwords.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lexicographer"inparagraph4referto?A.Apublisher.B.Abiographer.C.Amakerofdictionaries.D.Anassistant.（3）WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelJohnsonfromthetext?A.HestandardizedEnglish.B.Hecaredaboutauthorityalot.C.Hegainedmuchfinancialsupport.D.Hecomplainedofworkingconditions.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscusstheproblemsofdictionaries.B.Toencouragepeopletoworkonaproject.C.Topersuadepeopletobuythenewdictionary.D.TointroducehowJohnsoncompletehisdictionary.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Johnson编纂词典的故事。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords可”知，早期英语词典的问题是只是增加了一些难词。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Howmanywordsweredefinedbythe lexicographer?典编纂者。故选中的”关键词C。defined及联系前后句，可以猜测出这里lexicographer指的是词（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.及最”后一段中的SamuelJohnson为词典编纂所作的努力可以推断出，SamuelJohnson使得英语标准化。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了SamuelJohnson在恶劣的条件下编纂词典的。所以本文主要是告诉读者Johnson编纂词典的故事，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解Whenmyfathermarriedmymotherin1943hegavemymothera1937crowncoinandtoldhertokeepitinthebackofherpurseandnotspendit.Thiswouldmeanthatshealwaysfeltthatshewasprotectedandwouldalwayshavemoneyifshereallyneededit.WhenIwasmarriedin1970myhusbandwhohadheardthisstoryobtaineda1937crownformeandIhavealwayskeptitinmywalletandIhavealwayshadenoughformyneeds.Afriendrecentlyfellonhardtimespartlythroughexternal(外部的)circumstancesandpartlythroughpoorplanning.FriendsandIhaveloanedhermoney,paidherbills,evengivenherfoodandtriedtoteachherbudgettechniques,butnoneofthemhasbeenasolution.Shehasjustslippeddeeperanddeeperintofinancialtroubleanddepression.Lastweekshelookedpaleandunwell,verydepressedandhopeless.Ithenthoughtabouthowthecrown,areminderofanother"scareandlove,hadprotectedmesoIwenttothebankfora$100dollarbill.Itoldmyfriendthestoryandaskedhertokeepthe$100inthebackofherwallet.Itturnedoutthatshedidn"thaveawalletsosheputthemoneyinalittlepencilcasewhereshekepthercoins.Sheimmediatelyfeltbetter."Ifeelrichandthankyouforbeingagoodfriend"shesaidandwewerebothabitteary.Thereasonforpassingthisonisnottopraiseanygenerosityonmypartbuttoshowthepowerof"randomactsofkindness".IwenthomeandrememberedalittlewalletIhadthatI"dneverusedandthought"I"llgivethattomyfriend."Iopeneditandinsidefound$100.Theuniverseisveryjustandifyourheartisopentherewardalwayscomes.（1）Whatdidthe1937crowncoinfromtheauthor"sfathermeantohermother?A.Hisconcernforher.B.Hispityandprotectionforher.C.Hiscareandloveforher.D.Hisprideandrespectforher.（2）Wheredidtheauthor"sfriendkeepthe$100dollar-bill?A.Inthebackofherwallet.B.Inalittlepencilcase.C.Inthepocketofherraincoat.D.Inthelayerofhersuitcase.（3）WhatcanheinferredfromthelastParagraph?A.Theauthorbecamerichallofasudden.B.Theauthor"sfriendwouldreceiveawalletasagift.C.Theauthor"sfriendwasnottouchedbyherstory. D.Theauthorfeltuncomfortablewhenreceivingthebill.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AhardlifeB.ThehelptoafriendC.AcrowncoinD.Agiftfrommyfather【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者的一位朋友陷入了经济危机，帮她的方法都不起效。作者想起了自己一直放在钱包里的皇冠硬币，它如同护身符一样让作者衣食无忧。于是，就给了这位朋友一张百元的钞票，也让她放进钱包里，希望带给她好运和信心。没想到，作者的善意带来了回报。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Thiswouldmeanthatshealwaysfeltthatshewasprotectedandwouldalwayshavemoneyifshereallyneededit.可知作者父亲”给她母亲的一枚硬币代表了父亲对母亲的爱和关心，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“sosheputthemoneyinalittlepencilcasewhereshekepthercoins可知”作者的朋友把作者的一百美元放进了一个铅笔盒里，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“wentIhomeandrememberedalittlewalletIhadthatI"dneverusedandthought"I"llgivethattomyfriend."可知作者要送给朋友一个钱包作为礼物，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据文章内容为一枚象征着"关爱"的硬币为中心，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解WhenIwasaverylittlechild,IrememberwatchingTVandseeingotherchildrensufferinotherpartsoftheworld.Iwouldtalktomyself,"whenIgrowup,whenIcanbecomerich,I"llsavekidsallovertheworld."Attheageof17,IbeganmycareerhereinAmerica,andby18,Istartedmyfirstcharityorganization.Iwentontoteamupwithotherorganizationsinthefollowingyears,andmet,helped,andevenlostsomeofthemostbeautifulsouls,fromsix-year-oldJasminaAnemawhopassedawayin2010fromleukemia(白血病)—herstoryinspiredthousandstovolunteerasdonors,to2012whenmygrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer,whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF).We"reallhuman.Andwealljustwantachance:achanceatlife,achanceineducation,achanceatafuture,really.AndatCLF,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone.Peoplemakeitseemtoohardtodocharitywork.Thetruthis,youdon"thavetoberichtohelpothers.Youdon"tneedtobefamous.Youdon"tevenhavetobecollege-educated.Butitstartswithyourneighbor,thepersonrightnexttoyou,thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass,thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood.Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyou can.Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson,oneorganization,onesituationthattouchesyourheart.Mygrandmotheralwaysusedtosay,"Ifyou"vegotadollar,there"splentytoshare."（1）Whatdidtheauthorwanttodoatayoungage?A.WatchTV.B.Growupquickly.C.Becomewealthy.D.Helpotherchildren.（2）WhichofthefollowingdirectlycausedtheauthortocreateanddeveloptheCLF?A.Asix-year-oldkid"srequest.B.Hergrandmother"sdeathofcancer.C.Manyvolunteers"inspirationforit.D.Otherorganizations"encouragement.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"one"inParagraph2referto?A.Achance.B.Alife.C.Atask.D.Anorganization.（4）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A.Dolittlethingstohelpthosearoundthem.B.Workveryhardtogetacollegeeducation.C.Challengetheirfriendstoofferhelp.D.Docharityworkwhenyouarerich.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者（蕾哈娜）年少时立志长大帮助遭受痛苦的孩子们。长大作者兑现诺言做慈善工作，并号召人们：做力所能及的事来帮助周围的人。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Iwouldsaytomyself,"WhenIgrowup,whenIcangetrich,Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld."可知，作者小时候想帮助其他孩子，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"...to20l2whenmygrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer,whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF)."可知，祖母的逝世是作者创办和发展CLF的直接动力。故选B。（3）考查代词指代。根据第二段中的"AndatCL.F,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone."可知，该组织的使命是影响尽可能多的生命，但是这需要从影响一个生命开始。由此可推断，one指代的是前面提到的manylives中的一个。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Butitstartswithyourneighbor..inyourneighborhood."和"Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan,Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson,oneorganization,onesituationthattouchesyourheart."可知，作者建议人们做力所能及的事来帮助周围的人。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。FiftyyearsagoIhadayoungfamilyofthreeboys.MyhusbandJohnnyandIleftthemwithafriendwhilewemadeararetriptothecinemainLiverpool.Itwasdarkandpouringwithrainbutwiththeheadlightsshiningontheroadwesaw somethingaheadofus.JohnnypulledtoastopandIjumpedout,rantothegrassedgeandgrabbedasmall,wet,andfrightenedcreature.Iwrappeditsafelyinmywoollenhatandinsistedthatmyhusbandturnbackandheadforhome.Wethoughtitwasababyrabbitbecauseithadlongearsandwasgrayish-brownincolour.Oncehome,wefilledaboxwithtorn-upnewspaperandawarmtowel.WenamedournewanimalBobsyaswehadnoideaofitssex.Sadlythough,onthethirddaywithus,itcaughtitsbackfootinadoorandwequicklyrealiseditwasbroken.Werushedtothevet(医),whosaid,"It"sonlyarabbit,I"llputittosleep."Ourresponsewasaverydetermined,"Noway!"Wefoundanothervetandtoldthatshewasababyhare.Weweretoldweshouldcontinuetokeepherinherboxforaweekandherfootwouldheal.Afterherrecovery,Bobsylearnttousethekittylittertray.Shewouldcombherlongearswithherfrontpaws.Thelocalpaperheardaboutthisandcametoourhousetotakeherphotoandwriteastoryabouther.WehadherforsevenwonderfulyearsbeforewemovedtoNewZealandandwewillneverforgether.（1）WhydidJohnnystophiscarsuddenly?（2）Whathappenedtothelittleanimalonitsthirdday?（3）Whichbestdescribesthefamily"sattitudetowardstherabbit?A.ConsiderateB.CruelC.HopelessD.Indifferent（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyintendedtodo?A.Totelltheimportanceofprotectingsmallanimals.B.Torememberunusualexperienceswithasmallrabbit.C.Topersuadepeopletogivegenerouslyandreceivethankfully.D.Tomaketherabbitwidelyknowntolocalpeoplebypaper.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇叙文，50年前作者一家人与一只被来的小兔子的故事，作者一家人永不会忘它。（1）考理解。根据第二段中的"Itwasdarkandpouringwithrainbutwiththeheadlightsshiningontheroad,wesawsomethingaheadofus.Johnnypulledtoastop可知，⋯"天很黑，下着雨，但前灯照亮了路，我看前面有什么西。翰尼把停了下来。所以翰尼突然停是因他注意到前面有西。故D。（2）考理解。根据第三段中的"Sadlythough,onthethirddaywithus,itcaughtits backfootinadoorandwequicklyrealiseditwasbroken."可知，不，不幸的是，在它与我相的第三天，它的后脚被住了，我很快意到它的脚受了。所以只小物与我相的第三天它的脚受了重。故C。（3）考推理判断。根据第二段中的"IwrappeditsafelyinmywoollenhatOncehome,⋯wefilledaboxwithtorn-upnewspaperandawarmtowel."可知，我把它安全地包裹在我的羊毛帽子里。一到家，我就用撕碎的和一条毛巾在了一个盒子里，它成兔子的。所以通关"wrappeditsafely,woollenhat,filled,torn-upnewspaper,awarmtowel."可以判断出，家人兔子非常的体。故A。（4）考推理判断。根据最后一段中的"WehadherforsevenwonderfulyearsbeforewemovedtoNewZealandandwewillneverforgether."可知，在我搬到新西之前，我和她相了七年，我永不会忘她。所以短文叙述了50年前作者一家人与一只被来的小兔子的故事，作者一家人永不会忘她。故判断出篇文章的主要目的是回与一只小兔子的不常。故B。【点】本考点涉及理解和推理判断两个型的考，是一篇故事，考生需要准确捕捉信息，同根据上下文行推理，从而出正确答案。10．下列短文，从每所的A、B、C和D四个中，出最佳。Itwasrainy,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn"shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcometoseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.SohereIwas,reluctantlymakingthetwo-hourjourneythroughfogthathunglikeveils.BythetimeIsawhowthickitwasnearthesummit,I"dgonetoofartoturnback.Nothingcouldbeworththis,IthoughtasIinchedalongthedangeroushighway."I"llstayforlunch,butI"mheadingbackdownassoonasthefoglifts,"IannouncedwhenIarrived."ButIneedyoutodrivemetothegaragetopickupmycar,"Carolynsaid,"Couldweatleastdothat?""Howfarisit?"Iasked."Aboutthreeminutes,"shesaid,"I"lldrive—I"musedtoit."Aftertenminutesonthemountainroad,Ilookedatheranxiously."Ithoughtyousaidthreeminutes."Shegrinned."Thisisadetour."Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblack-greenevergreenstoweredoverus.Gradually,thepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacomerandstopped—andIgaspedinamazement.Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossthemountainsideandvalleys,wereriversofflowersinnumerouscolors.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.Aseriesofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasignthatread:"AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking." Thefirstanswerwas:"OneWoman—TwoHands,TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain."Thesecondwas:"OneataTime."Thethird:"Startedin1958."Aswedrovehome,Iwassomovedbywhatwehadseen.Icouldscarcelyspeak."Shechangedtheworld."Ifinallysaid,"onebulb(球茎)atatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit."Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego."Imagine,"Isaid,"ifI"dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmightIhaveaccomplished?"Carolynlookedatmesideways,smiling."Starttomorrow,"shesaid."Betteryet,starttoday."（1）Whatwastheweatherlikewhentheauthordrovetovisitherdaughter?A.Itwassnowing.B.Itwasfoggy.C.Itwasfreezing.D.Itwassunny.（2）Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedaughter?A.Shetoldawhitelietohermother.B.Shewasanexperienceddriver.C.Shedidn"tknowthewayverywell.D.Shekneweverythingaboutthewoman.（3）Themotherbegantoenjoyherselfwhen________.A.theyweredrivinginthecarB.theywereatthegarageC.theywereontheirwaybackD.theywerewalkinginthewoods（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheowneroftheproperty?A.Crazyandsilly.B.Determinedandpersistent.C.Braveandcareful.D.Beautifulandcourageous.（5）Whatdoyouthinkthemotherwilldoafterthisvisit?A.Shewilllookafterhergrandchildren.B.Shewillpayasecondvisittothegarden.C.Shewillbegintodosomethingmeaningful.D.Shewillcomeandlivewithherdaughter.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在下雨天受女儿坚持去山顶看风景，去往山顶的过程有些麻烦，但到达山顶后，被山顶的美景所折服。当作者走到一个房子，看到了从很久之前开始一直存在一个标牌，由此引发了作者感慨：如果有一个愿景，并为此每天坚持一点点，那最终会达到什么。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“SohereIwas,reluctantlymakingthetwo-hourjourneythroughfogthathunglikeveils.可知作者很”不情愿地走了两个小时，穿过像面纱一样悬挂着的雾开车去见自己的女儿。作者开车去见女儿时，是雾天，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Aftertenminutesonthemountainroad,Ilookedatheranxiously.‘Ithoughtyousaidthreeminutes可知.女儿告诉作者’"要走三分钟，结果走了十分钟也没到，再结合下文可知女儿这样做是为了让作者欣赏山上的美景而撒了一个善意的谎言。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.可”知作者和女儿是沿着一条满是老松针的小路走着时，开始欣赏美景，自得其乐 的。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段“Thefirstanswerwas:"OneWomanTwoHands,—TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain."Thesecondwas:"OneataTime."Thethird:"Startedin1958."可知这些景色的所有者是一个女人，用两只手，两只脚，加上一点想法，一次一个从1958年开始种植的。可知这个所有人是非常有决心和坚持不懈的。故选B。（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段Carolynlookedatmesideways,smiling."Starttomorrow,"shesaid."Betteryet,starttoday."可知文章的最后Carolyn微笑着看着我。“明天开始，”她说。“更好的是，从今天开始。”结合上文作者的感悟可推理此次参观之后这位母亲会开始做一些有意义的事情。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。