五年级上册英语语法知识点整合版 7页

-.1语法重点.Be动词的用法我用am，你用are，is连接他，她，它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否认更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否认任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。。2.疑问词的用法疑问词放句首，what什么；where哪里；when问时间；how怎样；要问原因为什么，why放句首就可以；疑问句有点难，勤做笔记多思考，遇问题别着急，先思考来后提问。4、关于主语前用be动词〔am、is、are〕和助动词〔do、does〕主语后是名词、形容词、介词短语和动词-ing时，主语前用be动词；主语后是实义动词原型，主语前用助动词。〔be动词和助动词还要根据主语和时态确定〕yourmotheranEnglishteacher?_______hestudyChineseatschool?What____yourparentsdo?_______theysad?______helooksad?5、动词三单构成形式，动名词构成形式动词三单变化形式，一般词尾加-s。s,x,sh,ch,o在词尾，直接加上-es。teach→teachesgo→goes，“辅音字母+y“来结尾，变y为i是正规。-es后边紧跟随，study→studies看明白。一般情况下直接加-ing，以不发音的e结尾的去e再加-ing，dance→dancing，以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾时，双写辅音字母再加-ing.put→putting,sitting,shopping,chatting,getting,swimming,running6、have/has的用法口诀动词have表示“有〞，位置就在主语后。“三单〞主语用has，其他人称用have。7、Therebe句型用法口诀Therebe句型有特点，主语放在be后边。主语单数用is，复数主语要用are。变否认，很简单，be后要把not添。变问句也不难，把be提到there前。肯定句中用some，否认/疑问要用any换。9、否认句口诀〔一〕先看句中有无be动词am、is、are和情态动词can〔二〕如有，就直接在am、is、are和can后加not〔三〕如没有，就找实义动词，动词是原形，就在动词前加don’t，动词是三单，就在动词前加doesn’t，把三单复原成原形〔四〕I→youmy→yoursome→anytoo→either-.word.zl. -.10、变一般疑问句口诀〔一〕先看句中有无be动词am、is、are和情态动词can〔二〕如有，直接将be动词am、is、are和can提到句子开头〔三〕如没有，就找实义动词，动词是原型，开头就用Do，动词是三单，开头就用Does，记住三单要复原成原形，末尾用问号，语调用升调〔四〕I→youmy→yoursome→any2易错点集合名易错点集合师纯手打版本1．like+动名词如：likeswimming2．like+名词的复数如：likeanimals3．go+动名词如：goclimbing4．howmany+名词复数如：howmanywatches5．序数词前一定加the,如：thefirstfloor6．在几点用at,如at7o’clock,在某一天或某一天的具体时间段用on,如：onSunday,onSundaymorning,直接在早上、下午或晚上用in,如：inthemorning,注意atweekends,atChristmas=onChristmasDay7．动词后代词用宾格〔动宾〕如：giveme,eatus8．介词后代词用宾格〔介宾〕如：withhim,toher9．wantto+动原，wouldliketo+动原，sorryto+动原，it’stimeto+动原，10．情态动词can后面加动原，let后加动原11．祈使句中动词用原形，否认句在句首加Don’t12．助动词〔dodoesdon’tdoesn’t〕后动词用原形13．形容词加名词〔形名〕如：agoodgirl一个好女孩动词加副词〔动副〕如：dancewell跳舞好14．some用于肯定句，any用于否认句和一般疑问句15．Therebe构造就近原那么如：Thereisateacherandsomestudentsintheclassroom.16．不可数名词作为单数：soupwatercoffeeteamilkjuicebreadricefoodfruitchocolate17．乐器前加the,球类前不加the,(playthe乐器，play球类)如：playthepiano,playfootball18．Who当作特殊的第三人称单数-.word.zl. -.五年级上册英语语法知识点一、注意名词单复数:1、可数名词复数用于:①Howmany后面;②some/any/many/alotof/two,three…后面;③these/those后面④allthe后面;⑤between后面跟一种物体时,这个物体用复数⑥like后面⑦are前面的人称和名词用复数:we/they/thechildren2、名词复数的变化规那么:1)一般直接+s:bears,students,2)以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加es:bus-buses,box-boxes,3)以“辅音字母+y〞结尾,把y变为i,再加ies:library—librarieshobby---hobbiesstory---stories4)不规那么名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,foot-feet,Child-children3、不可数名词:water,soup,milk,juice,tea,coffee,bread(面包),rice(米饭),hair等等。二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数;(注:所有否认句、疑问句中,动词都用原形。)1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数:1)人称代词he,she,it作主语时;2)单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时;3)单数可数名词或"this/that/the+单数可数名词"作主语时;4)不可数名词作主语时;5)当数字或字母作主语时,等等。2、动词第三人称单数变化规那么如下:1)一般情况下,动词后面直接加s.如:works/plays/reads2)以s.x.sh.ch或o结尾的动词,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches,watch-watches,do-does,go-goes3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es.例:study-studiesfly-fliescarry-carries4)不规那么动词的第三人称单数:have—has;be—is三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词单数复数一二三四五一二三主格IYouHesheItweyouthey宾格MeYouHimHerItusyouthem物主代词My我的Your你的His他的Her她的Its它的Our我们的your你们的Their他们的1例:Theyaredoctors.2、宾格用来作句中的宾语,放在动词或介词的后面。本册书上出现的词组:infrontofhershowheraroundpushmeteachyouWhat’swrongwithhim?writehimaletterHere’saChristmascardforyou.Letme….chatwiththemontheInternetgiveitacake-.word.zl. -.3、形容词性物主代词+名词形容词性物主代词,之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面。4、名词所有格作形容词性,表示所属关系;在人名或称呼后加’s,以s结尾的,直接加’。如:mother’s,parents’5、序数词first---second---third---fourth1)序数词一般要与the连用;2)在某一层楼用介词on。四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空1、哪些情况加动词原形(注:有to时,to跟后面的动词原形放在同一空格)1)wantto+动词原形2)wouldliketo+动词原形3)it’stimeto+动词原形4)情态动词can+动词原形5)助动词(do,does,don’t,doesn’t)+动词原形6)let+动词原形7)祈使句中动词用原形(如Doyourhomework,please.)8)否认句在句首加Don’t(如Don’tdoyourhomework,please)+动词原形2、哪些情况加动词ing1)like2)go3)begoodat4)be5)后面跟名词,如swimminglesson动词+ing变化规那么如下:A、直接加上ing:draw-drawingplay-playingread-readingB、以不发音的e结尾,去e加上ingskate-skatingmake-makingdance-dancinghave-havinge-ingwrite-writingC、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母,再加上ing从单词的末尾开场往前数符合“辅音-元音-辅音〞构造的。(注:词尾是w和y的除外,如:drawing,playing等除外);run-runningsit-sittingput-puttingchat-chattingget-gettingswim-swimmingstop-stoppingshop-shopping3.形容词加名词(形名)如:abeautifulgirl4.动词加副词(动副)如:swimwell5.Some和any用法:“some〞一般用于肯定句,“any〞用于否认句和疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定答复时也用“some〞。(小技巧:末尾是句号,句中是any,那这句型是否认句)6.Therebe构造就近原那么,be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数量。如:Thereisateacherandsomestudentsintheclassroom.7.乐器前加the,球类前不加the.如:playthepiano,playfootball8.单数(Whosingswell?)9.1)主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。2)主语+行为动词+其它。关键词:10.一般现在时〔注：主语为第三人称单数，动词加s，es或辅音+y时，把y变为i再加es；其他时候动词用原型〕11.and前后谓语动词一致。指当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时,一般谓语动词的时态保持一致。Sheoftengoesfishingand-.word.zl. -.takesphotos.Let’sgoandhavesomechicken.12、一样意思不同用法的辨析:1)有;thereis/are和have/hasthereis/are表示在某地有某物(或某人);表示存在;therebe就近原那么;have/has表示某人有某物;表示所属关系;前面必须有主语。2)也;too-either-alsotoo用于肯定句和疑问句句末;either用于否认句句末;also用于句中。3)都;both-allboth用于两者都;all用于三者及以上都。4)好;good-wellgood+名词;动词+well。5)和;with-andwith是介词,意思是“和……一起〞,后面跟名词或代词的宾格。and是连词,意思是“和〞,用and连接两个单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。五、句型转换①同义句:1.It’stimeforsth=It’stimetodosth.该是…时间了(注:for后面跟名词;to后面跟动词原形)It’stimefordinner.=It’stimetohavedinner.2.Whattimeisit?=What’sthetime?几点呢?3.Thereis(are)no…(s)…=Thereisn’t/aren’tany…没有…4.haveno…=don’thave(any)没有…Theyhavenolegsorarms.=Theydon’thaveanylegsorarms.5.hasno=doesn’thave(any)没有…6.Ilikepiics.=Ilikehavingpiics.{注:like后面跟名词复数或动名词(动词+ing)}7.showsth(某物)tosb(某人)=showsb(某物)sth(某人)向…展示…东西8.givesth(某物)tosb(某人)=givesb(某物)sth(某人)给…人…东西9.Whatalovelyant!=Howlovelytheantis!多么得意的蚂蚁啊10.ThatisJan’sumbrella.=ThatumbrellaisJan’s.那是杰的伞11.What’swrongwithhim?=What’sthematterwithhim?他怎么了?②否认句1、有be动词(am,is,are),be后直接加not(amnot/isnot=isn’t/arenot=aren’t);2、有can,can后直接加not(cannot=can’t);3、只有动词,在动词原形前加don’t;三单动词前加doesn’t,动词变回原形。Hedoeshishomework.(改成否认句)Hedoesn’tdohishomework.③一般疑问句:用Yes或No答复的句子1、有be动词,be动词提前;2、有can或would,can或would提前;3、只有动词,句首加Do/Does,动词用原形;注意:I’m变Areyou;some变any;my变your;and变or.-.word.zl. -.④特殊疑问句:有特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Therebe句型提问:1、对数量提问:1)Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?(注:对therebe后面可数名词的数量提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,都用复数形式提问)例:Thereare24classroomsinourschool?/Thereisonlyoneclassroominourschool?(对划线局部提问)Howmanyclassroomsarethereinourschool?(注:上面两句提问,都是这句子)2)Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?例:Thereissomemilkintheglass.(对划线局部提问)Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?2、对主语提问therebe针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的根本构造是:What’s+介词短语?(注:对therebe后面的主语提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,都用What’s提问)例:Therearesixbooksonthedesk./Thereisabookonthedesk.(对划线局部提问)What’sonthedesk?(注:上面两句提问,都是这句子)⑤感慨句的构造:感慨句常用how或what来引导(1)what引导的感慨句,最终修饰的是名词(2)how引导的感慨句,最终修饰的是形容词/副词Whatalovelyant!=Howlovelytheantis!多么得意的蚂蚁啊!对划线提问,疑问词:What问什么;Whatcolour问颜色;Whattime问具体时间(如几点钟);when问围广的时间;where问在哪里;Howold问年龄;howmany问数量(可数名词);howmuch1)问数量(不可数名词),2)问价钱;howabout问怎样;who问谁(人);whose问谁的东西(问主人);同音词:B—be—bee,C—see—sea,R—are,T—tea,U—you,Y—why,I-eye,too-two-to,four—for,here—hear,there—their,right—write,sun—son,no—know,pair—pear,it’s—its,buy—by—bye,hi—high,wear—where,aren’t—aunt,who’s—whose,近义词(或同义词):Many—lotsof—alotof,desk—table,like—love,tall—highnear—beside,too—also,listen—hear,look—see,class—lesson,glass—cup,home—house,beautiful—pretty,usually—often,hi—hello,speak—say—talk,river—lake,wouldlike—want,gohome—ehome反义词(或对应词):yes—no,this—that,these—those,here—there,go—e,open—close,big—small,fat—thin,tall—short,long—short,black—white,happy—sad,hot—cold,cool—warm,soft—hard,on—under,infrontof—behind,-.word.zl. -.in—out,boy—girl,man—woman,wrong—right,down—up,sit—stand,easy—difficult,takeoff(脱下)—puton(穿上)完整形式:I’m—Iam,we’re—weare,you’re—youare,he’s—heis,it’s—itis,there’s—thereis,isn’t—isnotwho’s—whois,Let’s—letus,I’d—Iwould,can’t—cannot,don’t—donot,doesn’t—doesnot特殊的名词复数:man—men,woman—women,policeman—policemen,child—children,foot—feet,fish—fish,people—people,Chinese-Chinese三单动词变化:特殊的:do---does;go--goes;have--has;teach—teaches;watch--watches;wash--washes;push--pushes;brush--brushes;catch--catches;study--studies;fly--flies;其余的直接加s.动词变名词:A.一般情况下在动词后面直接加er。teach-teacher,work—worker,play—player,sing—singer,find—finderB.以e结尾的动词直接加r。write—writer,drive—driver,e—er,dance—dancerC.符合重读闭音节的动词,先双写最后一个字母,再加er。run—runner,begin—beginner,swim—swimmerD.局部单词在词尾加or。visit—visitor,act—actorE.本身既是动词又是名词。cook—cook,doctor—doctorCulture板块:U1,U2,U3,U5,U6,U7.1).U1:CoffeeispopularinWesterncountries.TeaispopularinChina.咖啡在西方国家受欢送。茶在中国受欢送。2).U2:IntheUK,thisisthegroundfloor.IntheUS,thisisthefirstfloor.在英国,这是一楼。在美国,这是一楼。3).U3:YoucanseepandasinChina.YoucanseebaldeaglesintheUS.你在中国可以看到熊猫。你在美国能看到秃鹰。YoucanseepolarbearsinCanada.YoucanseekangaroosinAustralia.你在加拿大能看到北极熊。你在澳大利亚能看到袋鼠。4).U5:IntheUS,wecallapolicemana“cop〞.IntheUK,wecallafirefightera“fireman〞.在美国,我们称呼警察为cop。在英国,我们称呼消防队员为fireman。5).U6:WewriteChineseaddresseslikethis.我们这样书写中文地址。(国名—地名—人名,由大到小)WewriteEnglishaddresseslikethis.我们这样书写英文地址。(人名—地名—国名,由小到大)6).U7:BasketballisverypopularintheUS.FootballisverypopularintheUK.篮球在美国很受欢送。足球在英国很受欢送。TabletennisisverypopularinChina.乒乓球在中国很受欢送-.word.zl.