高中英语语法权威解析一---名词性从句 5页

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句〔NounClauses）；名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾；1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平稳句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化；而it引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that；被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom；例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真惋惜；b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感兴趣；c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.谋杀案是在早上发生的；（强调句型）d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗户；（强调句型）2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat特殊荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎(4)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证明Itissaidthat据说3.主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：（1））if引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；（2））Itissaid/reported结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.（3））Ithappens/occurs结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination. 错误表达：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.（1））Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening.错误表达：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely.1.what与that在引导主语从句时的区分what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that就不然；例如：a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词〔及物动词〕或介词之后；1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句〔that通常可以省略〕,例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了；(2)由what,whether〔if〕引导的宾语从句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么；b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记；(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句；例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请；2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作；3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid〔that〕I’vemadeamistake.我生怕我已经犯了一个错误；留意：that引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,conten等t词后的that从句的看作缘由状语从句；4.it可以作为形式宾语；也可以将此类 it不仅可以作为形式主语，仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句就放在句尾，特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了；1.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不行以用that引导的宾语从句；如：正确表达：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.2.不行用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratula等te；例如：正确表达：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.3.否定的转移如主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用确定式；例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等；引导表语从句的that常可省略；另外，常用的仍有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构；例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral. 1.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开；例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.2.同位语从句与定语从句的区分(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分；(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特点；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextye（ar他.告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国；）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的；）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）名词性从句专项练习1．hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.ThemanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhowA.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyismakesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.ThisistheShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfearhewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercamethesoldiersthesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforour research.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if3.Ishesaidreallytrue.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whethermeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14....morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.Ifwillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.Howtheinventionshaveincommonistheyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidelythatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA