高中英语语法之定语从句 5页

高中英语语法定语从句AttributiveClausen一，定义n二，高考常考点：关系代词whose和关系副词where引导的定语从句n三，关系代词who,whom,that,which和关系副词when,why引导的定语从句n四，限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别n五，as引导的定语从句n定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句n先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词n关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系词。它具有连接，替代，充当句子成分三大作用。关系词n关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,whichn关系副词：where,when,whyn关系代词whose的用法：nwhose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物,相当与ofwhom或ofwhich。nHeisanarchitectwhosedesignshavewoninternationalprize.nWhichistheAsiancountrywhoseeconomyisgrowingthefastest?n(2009天津,5)Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.5 nA.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoevern关系副词where的用法：nThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(2010天津,8)CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?nYoushouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly15.nA.asB.whichC.whereD.thatn(2007天津,11)Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_____sightmattersmorethanhearing.nA.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where关系代词who,whom的用法nwho可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom:介词+whom。例句nThisistheteacherwhooftentellsjokes.nSheisthegirlwho/whomIwillgotoShanghaiwith.n(SheisthegirlwithwhomIwillgotoShanghai.)n在定语从句中，who,that指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下则宜用who而不用that(1)先行词是one,ones,anyone时，宜用who。(2)先行词为those时，宜用who。(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。(4)一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。(5)在therebe开头的句子中，宜用who。5 关系代词that的用法(1)通常情况下，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中不用that;另外，介词后面不能跟that,而要跟which。Theradio，whichIboughtlastweek,doesn’twork.n(2)在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物时，一般可以通用。nTheplanethat/whichhasjusttakenoffishalfanhourlate.n(3)在下列情况下，只宜用that,而不宜用which。nA.先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时。B.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。nC.主句已有疑问词who或which时。nD.先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that。nE.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时。nF.先行词前面有only,anyfew,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等词修饰时。nG.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that。关系代词which的用法n关系代词which的用法。n（1）在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能用that。nLondon,whichisthecapitalofU.K.,isaverybeautifulcity.n(2)在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代物时常常可以通用，但有时只宜用which,不用that。nA.关系代词前有介词时。nThisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.nB.如有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which。5 nLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.n关系副词when的用法：Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.WewillneverforgetthedaywhenwejointheParty.n关系副词why的用法：ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?关系代词和关系副词的区别实际上我们只要弄清楚它们在定语从句中各自担任什么成分，就会很容易地作出判断。只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。例句nThisisthehousewhereIworkedtwoyearsago.（　　）nThisisthehouse(that/which)Ivisited.（　　）nIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.（　　）nIwillneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.（　　）限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别n限制性定语从句对先行语起修饰限制作用;n而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用.n非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开.nHehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.nHehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.As引导的定语从句nAs作为关系代词和关系副词可以引导定语从句。n一、as的用法：nTheteacherisfromBeijing,as/whichtheyknowfromhisaccent.nAseverybodycansee,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.n(2009天津,14)ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,5 _____domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.nA.asB.whichC.whenD.thoughn(2006天津,12)TheBeatles,manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.nA.whatB.thatC.howD.as二、…suchas…的用法：这样的人或物。ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.(宾语）n三、thesame…as…和thesame…that…的用法：nthesame…as…和……相同（同类）;nthesame…that…和……相同（同一）nHeworksinthesameshopas/thatIdo.nHeusesthesamebookasyou.n四、such…as…和thesame…as…的用法：nsuch…as…像……一样的，像……之类；nthesame…as…和……同样的。5