高考英语语法总复习：定语从句Part one.ppt 29页

ThisisthebestTVseriesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的连续剧。 theAttributiveClauseRevisionfor定语从句复习 基础知识点 1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系代词关系副词：引导定语从句的词。定语从句关系代词关系副词which,that,who,whom,whose,aswhere,why,when在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语RelativepronounsRelativeadverbs Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后Themanwholivesnexttouswho 定语从句中的关系词及其意义关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词whenwherewhy基础知识回顾人或物物或句子主语、宾语宾语人或物（所属关系）人或物或句子人人时间状语地点状语原因状语时间地点原因主语、宾语、主语、宾语定语主语或宾语 填一填Filling填入适当的关系词 1.Theeggs_________wereinthebasketwerenotfresh.2.Thefriend_________cametosupperlastnightwasn’thungry.3.Hesawahouse________windowswereallbroken.4.Heistheman___________________youhavebeenwaitingfor.which/thatwhoseFillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.who/that/whom/小结：主语宾语定语whowhich hatwhomwhich hatwhosewho/that 用关系副词when,where,why或介词+关系代词填空。1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wewereinthecountry.2.Thisisthepark_________youtookphotoslastSunday.3.Thatwasthereason________hewaslateforschool.whenwherewhy小结:时间when=in/at/on/during/…+which地点where=at/in/on/…+which原因Why=for+whichonwhichinwhichforwhichaperiodoftime 1.Thefirsttext______wearetolearnisverydifficult.2.I’minterestedineverything_____Idon’tknow。3.There’snodifficulty_____wecan’tovercome.4.Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitals_____youarethinkingabout.5.Whichisthebook______youtoldmeabout?考点1：Fillintheblankswithwhichorthat.小结:只用that的情况1）先行词本身就是或前被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。2）当先行词是不定代词时。如all、little、something、nothing等。3）先行词被all、every、no、little、oneof、theonly、thevery、theright等所修饰时。4）如果先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。5）当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时。thatthatthatthatthat Fillintheblankswithwhichorthat.1.Thequakehitwenchuan,_____usedtobeabeautifulvillage.2.Hecamelateagain,_______mademeangry.3.Thisistheroomin_____Chairmanoncelived.4.LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrary______wasnewlyopentous.whichwhichwhichwhich小结:只用which,不用that的情况1）非限制性定语从句中指物2）指代前面整个句子3）关系词前有介词4）一个句子中含有两个定从，已使用一个关系代词that,另一个则用which 1.1)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,_______looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。2)Mike,_____youknow,isanhonestman./Mikeisanhonestman,_____youknow./____youknow,Mikeisanhonestman.如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。考点2：which/as引导定语从句的区别whichasasAs位置不同 2.1.John,_____youknow,ismybestfriend.正如你所知,约翰是我最好的朋友。2.HehasbeentoParismorethantentimes,_______Idon’tbelieve.他已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。意义不同。as一般译为“正如,就像”;which一般译为“这一点,这件事”。aswhich 3.注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那样②aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样③asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的 4.as常用于thesame...as,such...as,as...as和so...as结构中。Eg:1）Thisisthesame(kindof)pen______Ilostyesterday.2）Letchildrenreadsuchbooks______willmakethembetterandwiser.3)Takeasmany_____youwant.4)Hereissobigastone______nomancanlift.Heissuchacleverboy______everyonelikes.Heissuchacleverboy______everyonelikeshim.asasasasasthat 关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which。 介词+关系词中介词的选择根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。根据句意的需要来确定介词。 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.Tips Themoney____whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgettheday____whichhefailedintheexam.Thisisthemountainvillage____whichIstayedlastyear.I’llneverforgetthefarm______whichIworkedtogetherwithyou.一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词withthemoney用钱onwithinonontheday在那天inthemountainvillage在山村onthefarm在农场 1.Heisreallytheperson_______whomwehavealottolearn.2.Thegirl_________whomyouaretalkingisworking.3.TheWestLake,_____whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.4.Theman______whomIshookhandsjustnowismydaughter’sEnglishteacher.二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定learnfromsb.向某人学习talkto/withsb.与某人交谈befamousfor因为……而闻名shakehandswithsb.与某人握手fromto/withforwith 1.Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.三、根据句意来确定2.Thepen_____whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thisismypairofglasses,________whichIcannotseeclearly.4.Heisthegirl____whomyouwenttoconcertlastnight.withoutwithwithoutwith ①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.ThisistherightplaceI’mlookingfor.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.介词+关系词中介词的位置 考点4：综合考查1.1)Thenews_____ourteamwonmadeusexcited2).Thenews______hetoldmewasexciting.ourteamwon是news的内容,that不充当从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为:Thenewswasthatourteamwon.hetoldme缺少一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为:Thenewswasthathetoldme.thatthat 2.定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。1).Ourclasshassixtystudents,mostof______studyhard.2).Ourclasshassixtystudents,andmostof______studyhard.3).Ourclasshassixtystudents.Mostof_______studyhard.whomthemthem 3.定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是做整个句子的状语,前面没有先行词。1.Doyouknowthetime_______hewillcomeback.2.Iwillgoshopping_______hecomesback.3.Putthebook_______itbelongs.4.Putthebookintheplace_______itbelongs.whenwhenwherewhere 4.定语从句与强调句的区别。1).ItwasSunday_______hecameback.2).ItwasonSunday________hecameback.3).Thisisthelibrary_______Iborrowedthebook.4).Itisfromthislibrary_______Iborrowedthebook.whenthatwherethat Exercise:1.Theway___________________hefinishedthetasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway__________heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.3.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat______(have)appearedthisyear.4.Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswho_______(be)givenaprize.that/inwhich/省略that/whichhavewas 当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名词时，表示情况、方面、处境时，用关系副词where,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”.但先行词是occasion时，用关系副词when.1.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.2.Hegotintoasituation_______itishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.3.Icanrememberveryfewoccasions_______hehadtocancelbecauseofillhealth.4.Tothosesuccessfuldeafdancers,dancingisanactivity______sightmattersmorethanhearing.5.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.6.Shewantsajob_______hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.7.Ihavegottoastage________Ican’tcope.wherewherewherewherewherewhenwhere