2017高考英语语法专题复习：状语从句 103页

01《状语从句》 定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。 状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别:时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句 1.时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,themoment,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas等。请注意when,while,as的区别 When---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.WhenIhavetime,Iwillgotoseeyou. WhenIcamehome,Imetanoldschoolmateofmine.Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutitwhenhesawher.*注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。 When---正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.Iwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein. Oneevening,littleHanswassittingnearthefirewhenheheardaloudknockatthedoor. When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.WhenIwasleavingthehouse,thepostmanarrived. Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.When=after While---在……期间，往往指一段时间。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.Whileweweretalking,hecamein.Strikewhiletheironishot. While---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.Thesoldierfacesthepowderwhilethebeautypowdertheface. WhileIamwashingthefloor,youcanbecleaningthewindows. As---一边……一边,随着Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful. As---当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.IsawMaryasshewasgoingonthebus. Ashewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.SomeonepattedmeontheshoulderasIwasstandingbeforetheshopwindow. Themoment---一……就……=assoonas,immediately,---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher. Not…until---直到……才Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.=Helefttheofficewhenhefinishedthework.Not…until可以和when互换 Before---在……之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.Didyouworkasastewardessbeforeyoucometothiscompany? ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.(Itwas/willbe…before…是常用句型)HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim. After---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Theplanetookoffaftertheairtrafficcontrollergaveclearance. Since---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Thecaptainhastraveledalmosteverywhereintheworldsincehebecameapilot. Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.(Itis/hasbeen…since…是常用句型） Assoonas---一……就……Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.I’llringyouupassoonasIgetananswerfromhim. Nosoonerthan---一……就……Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly…when…Scarcely…when… Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Once---一但……就…… Everytime,eachtime每次whenever每当Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus. 2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If,unless,aslongas,incase,providedthat,onconditionthat If---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Ifitsnowstomorrow,theflightwillbecanceled.Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow. Unless---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight=Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedon’tbooktheearliestflight. Don’ttroubletroubleunlesstroubletroublesyou.Hewillnotjoinusunlesshechangeshismind. Aslongas---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.Youcan’tplaygamesaslongasyouremembertherules.Amanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething. As(so)faras---据……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA. Incase---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty. Providedthat如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshapeandyouhavegotthepropereducation. Onconditionthat---条件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.ThemotherpromisedtothesontobuyhimatoyairplaneonconditionthathepasseshisEnglishtest. 注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.Hesaidhewouldnotleaveunlessitwasfinenextday. 3.地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,wherever Where---在……地方Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.Wherethathighbuildingstands,thereusedtobesomelow,desertedhouses.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. Wherever---无论哪里Hefollowsherwherevershegoes.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou. 4.原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱. Because---因为,通常从句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.Hesaidthathecouldn’tworkbecausethecomputerwasoutoforder. IsucceedbecauseIwilledit,Ineverhesitated.IdoitbecauseIlikeit. As---因为,通常放在句首Asitisquitewindytoday,hedecidesAsheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim. Since---既然因语气较弱,常译为既然Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Sincethepurserdidn’ttelluswhattodo,wecanrelax. Nowthat---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.Nowthatallairlinesofferdiscountprices,weshoulddothesame. consideringthat---顾及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob. seeingthat---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff. 5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,sothat,so…that…such…that So…that---太……以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb.Theflightscheduledsoearlythatnobodywantedtolookonit. Sothat---因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去CanyoumoveyourluggagealittlebitawaysothatIcanputmineintheoverheadbintoo.Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou. Whenyouskinyourcustomers,youshouldleavesomeskinontogrowsothatyoucanskinthemagain. Such…that…---太……以至于用法与so…that相同，但such后面应用名词。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim. TheCanadianairline’shangarissuchahugebuildingthatitcanholdtwomedium-rangejetsatthesametime. 6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.(So)that---以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等 inorderthat---为了,与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm. forfearthat---生怕;为了防止(某事发生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Theinstructoremphasizedontheissuethreetimesforfearthatthestudentsdidnotpayenoughattentiontotheproblem. incase---万一Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains. Lest---以防万一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelesttheywouldn’tfinishthetaskontime. 7.比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有：As…as…,notso(as)…as…,.…than…,themore…themore... As…as…---像……一样Ifyoudon’twanttomisstheflight,youneedtobeattheairportasearlyaspossible.Mygrandmatoldmethathereyesightwasasgoodas10yearsbefore.Cultivationtothemindisasnecessaryasfoodforthebody. Notso(as)…as…---不像……ThejobisnotsodifficultasIthoughtitwouldbe.Theflightwasnotso/asharmfulasthecaptainpredicted. …than…---比……怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more后面用形容词或副词Peoplebelievethatbeingastewardessisbetterthanmostoftheotherjobs.IpersonallythinkthattheAmericanmoviesaremoreinterestingthanChineseones Abeautifulformisbetterthanabeautifulface;abeautifulbehavior(is)thanabeautifulform. Themore…,themore---越……越Themorehelistenedtothatsong,thelessheenjoyedit.Themorethingsamanisashamedof,themorerespectableheis. 8.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether Although,though---虽然although和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Althoughitwasnothisfault,hetookalltheblame. Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.Childthoughhewas,hedidquitewell. As---尽管as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换。Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.Hardassheworks,shemakeslittleprogress. Evenif/eventhough---即使Evenifyoudon’tlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.Evenifyouarenotfondofflowers,youshouldn’tmissthechrysanthemumexhibition. EventhoughImightbewrong,Iwillgomyway.Eventhoughhisdeandidn’tmeanit,hestillfeltembarrassed. However---不论，however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.Thefathercouldn’tmakehisdaughtersmilehoweverhardhetried. Nomatter(what,when,where,how)---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）Theoldmanwouldn’tbelieveanythingnomatterwhatyousaid.Pleasetellmetheresultnomatterwhenyougetit. Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.Iwillfindyounomatterwhereyouhide. Whatever---不管Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewon’tchangehermind.Whateveryoudo,itwon’taffectourplan. While---尽管WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.Whileit’snoneofmybusiness,Iwillwatchyou. Whether---不管，常与ornot连用Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.Whetherhisproposalispracticalornot,thedepartmentplanstoadopt. 9.方式状语从句方式状语从句常由:as,asif,asthough as---与……一样DoinRomeastheRomansdo.Leavethingsastheyare. asif,asthough---仿佛,由asif或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气Shestoodatthedoorasif(=asthough)shewerewaitingforsomeone. 1.______youdecidetotakeup,youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess.A.IfB.WheneverC.UnlessD.Whatever 2.Itisfoolishtotakeataxiyoucaneasilywalktothestation.A.beforeB.thatC.unlessD.when 3.I’llacceptanyjob,_____Idon’thavetogetupearly.A.eventhoughB.thoughC.incaseD.aslongas 4.___________problemsyouhave,youcanalwayscometomeforhelp.A.WhatB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Which 5.______muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter 6.----DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?----Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once 7.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever 8.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless 9.Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas 10.--Whatwasthepartylike?--Wonderful.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since 11.Don’tchangeyourmind,______happenstoyou.A.whichB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever 12.___________hecomes,wewon’tbeabletogo.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 13.Nobodybelievedhim____________whathesaid.A.eventhoughB.evenifC.nomatterD.because 14.IwaswatchingTV_______suddenlythelightswentout.A.whenB.whileC.asD.for 15.Takeyourumbrellawithyou____________itrains.A.ifB.asifC.incaseD.aslongas 16.Nosooner_______enteredtheoffice_______Iheardthetelephoneringing.A.hadI,whenB.Ihad,thanC.hadI,thanD.Ihad,when 17.Ihadhardlyarrived_____hestartedcryingtogohome.A.asB.forC.whenD.until 18.Itwon’tbelong________youregretwhatyousaid.A.sinceB.whenC.beforeD.till 19.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe______.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving 20.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As 再见