2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词课件 62页

Grammar第三部分词法篇——代词、冠词、介词和数词专题1代词专题2冠词专题3介词专题4数词 PART1高频考点清单PART2重温高考真题PART3热考点集训专题4数词PART4综合演练 PART1高频考点清单 框架结构图 基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢoneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion 2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记，13至19teen结尾。20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：sixhundredpeoplehundredsofpeople (2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these，those，them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加-s；dozensof中的of不可省。score用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。severaldozenpencilsdozensofstudentsthreedozenoftheseeggstwodozenofthemtwoscoreofeggsscoresofbooks3.基数词的位置常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。anothertwodaysallthetenbooksonemoreappletwosuchpenshislasttwodays/histwolastdays 4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Threewillbeenough.(2)宾语Thecityhasapopulationofthreemillion.(3)表语Thepopulationofthiscityisnearlytwomillion.(4)同位语Theytwowenttothecinema.(5)定语Theriverisabouteightmileslong. 1.常用序数词表序数词的构成及作用ⅠⅡⅢfirstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth 注意：21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21st→twenty-first；22nd→twenty-second；33rd→thirty-third；100th→onehundredth2.序数词的句法功能(1)定语thefirstdayoftheweekmyfirstvisittoBeijing(2)表语Youarethefirsttoleave. (3)主语Thesecondwasevenworse.(4)同位语Tom，thefirst，ishere.(5)宾语Doyoupreferthefirstorthesecond?注意：①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。Thisisthefirstone.ThisishersecondvisittoJapan.②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。You’dbettertryathirdtime. 1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数onethirdtwothirds/two-thirdstwo-fifthsofthestudentsthirtypercentofthewatersixpointfour注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Seventypercentofherinewasspentonclothes.数词的应用 2.倍数表达法(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BThebagistwiceasbigasthatone.(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋asmany/much＋名词＋as＋BIhavetwiceasmanybooksashe(does).(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BThisclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanours.(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋thesize(width/length/height/depth等)＋of＋BYourpieceofbreadisthreetimesthesizeofmine.注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“两倍”，用基数词＋times表示三或三倍以上。 3.日期的表达(1)某年：in＋数字in2018(2)某月：in＋月份inMay(3)某年某月：in＋月＋年inMay2018(4)某年某月某日：on＋月＋日/on＋日＋月，＋年onMay1(st)/1(st)May,2018 4.时刻的表达twenty-onepast/aftereight或eighttwenty-onefourto/ofnine或eightfifty-sixhalfpasteight或eightthirtyaquarterto/often或nineforty-five5.年代的表达theearly1920s/1920’stheearlytwentiesthemid-eighties 6.其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”everythreedays/everyfourthdayeveryotherdayeveryfewdays(2)表示年龄inone’steensinone’stwentiesattheageof17 Heistwentyyearsold.Heisamanoftwenty.Heisatwenty-year-oldman.(3)用于习语中oneatatimeonebyonetenoutoften 1.数词的拼写错误fourty(误)→forty(正)ninty(误)→ninety(正)nineth(误)→ninth(正)twentith(误)→twentieth(正)twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)threefifth(误)→threefifths(正)the2thofFebruary(误)→the2ndofFebruary(正)OneThousandOneNights(误)→OneThousandandOneNights(正)书面表达中数词易错点聚焦 2.特殊表达中的错误everyotherdays(误)→everyotherday(正)inhistens(误)→inhisteens(正)severaldozensofthem(误)→severaldozenofthem(正)moretwodays(误)→twomoredays/anothertwodays(正)You’dbettertrythethirdtime.(误)→You’dbettertryathirdtime.(正) PART2重温高考真题 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Actually，thislatestchildren’sversion，belongingtoaprogramtitledXiaoXigu(literally，youngartists)，isinhonorofthe(thirty)anniversaryofthe1987work，praisedasthemostclassic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)答案解析解析“the＋序数词”表示特指“第几个”，故填thirtieth。thirtieth123 2.Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetorideabikeonmy______(nine)birthday.(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)答案解析解析句意为：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。ninth123 3.Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump，butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)答案解析解析在序数词前用a，则表示“再次，还有”之意。a123 Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Iammorethanhappytoknowyougotafirstprizeinthespeechcontest.(2018·湖南张家界三模)答案解析解析thefirstprize为固定用法，意为“第一名，一等奖”，而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the来表示顺序。所以句中的afirstprize中的a要改为the。the123456 2.Duringthesixthdays，aseriesofEnglishactivitieswereorganized.(2018·云南师大附中模拟)答案解析解析during后接时间段，此处表示六天，故用基数词。如果表达在第六天，则说onthesixthday。six123456 3.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案解析解析表达多少岁生日用序数词，因此eighteen应该改为eighteenth。eighteenth123456 4.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案解析解析句意为：我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。∧the/my123456 5.It’sabigcitywithapopulationofabout7millions.(2017·河南毕业班高考适应性练习)答案解析解析million前有基数词7，须用单数。million123456 6.Iwanttohaveapenfriend，hopefullyagirlintheearlytwenties，andwithinterestssimilartomine.(2017·河南六市联考)解析表示不确定的年龄，用inone’s＋逢十的基数词的复数形式。her123456答案解析 PART3热考点集训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.There(be)onedeskandthreechairsintheroom.2.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’sthe(four)ofJuly.3.Therearebusestothestationevery(twenty)minute.4.Shewasthefirstwoman(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.Inordertofindabetterjob，hedecidedtostudysecondforeignlanguage.查看答案isfourthto wintwentietha Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Twohundreddollarsarenotlargeforus，andit’seasyforustogainintwodays.2.Everyyear，millionofpeoplediefromillnesscausedbysmoking.3.IhavealreadygottwolettersfromSusanthisyear，andthisisathirdone.4.WearetoldthatProfessorChenlivesonthetwenty-twofloorofthisbuilding.5.Two-fifthsofthemachineondisplayarenewitems.is查看答案millionsthetwenty-secondmachines Ⅲ.数词填空(数词专练)Thereare1.seasonsinayear：spring，summer，autumnandwinter.Ayearcanalsobedividedinto2.months.Eachmonthisdividedinto3.periods：thefirst，themiddleandthelastten-dayperiod.Mother’sDayfallsonthe4.SundayofMaywhileFather’sDayonthe5._____SundayofJuneeveryyear.The6.monthoftheyearisDecember.Thereare7.pleteweeksplusanextraday，or8.inayearbecausethereare9.daysinamonyearbut10.______daysinaleapyear.查看答案fourtwelvethreesecondthirdtwelfthfifty-twotwothree hundred and sixty-fivethreehundred and sixty-six PART4综合演练词法篇——代词、冠词、介词和数词 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(一)1.Wecanrelax(we)whilereadingherblog.2.Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.short，he’sreliable.3.Asuccessfullearnerisanindependentone，whohasadeterminedwillandamazingpatience.4.TheyareheadingforFloridafor(they)honeymoonandplantoframethetreasuredpictureassoonastheygetback.5.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant，butIdon’thaveenoughmoneyme.查看答案ourselvesIntheirbothwith 6.Shedidnothesitateforlong；althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile，sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease(he).7.theend，theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.8.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools.9.Thisregionishomemanyspeciesofwildflowers.10.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomontopfloor.11.Atthebadnews，thewomanputherhandshereyesandcriedout.查看答案himIntothatoverthe 12.Ifyoukeeponwriting，youwillhavebrighterfuture，likelytobeeaJ.K.Rowling.13.Ihatewhensomeonemakesamessofmylearningmaterialsonmydesk.14.Awoman，sittingnexttheboy，discoveredhewasonaschooltripandwastoldtomeethisteacheratthebusstop.15.Weusedtomistakethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlight.查看答案aitonesto (二)16.Theproblemshouldbehandledverycarefullytobalancetheneedsofpeoplewithofnature.17.Hesaidwasnotnicetoeatmeatwithone’sfingersbecausetheywerenotalwaysclean.18.Thedriverwasatlosswhenwordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.19.Heknewverywellthehareranahundredtimesfasterthanhe(him)did.20.JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhis(twenty).查看答案thoseithimselfatwenties 21.Whetherit’syourbirthdayorafriendorfamilymember’s，decoratingyourhomecanbeasenjoyableastheparty(it).22.Freshair，sunlightandenoughphysicalexerciseareneededahealthybody.23.Soifyouhavenotpreparedenough，havingsomeindooramusementsisalsogoodchoice，whichmaybemuchcheaperandeasiertocarryout.24.“Nevermind，”Isaid.“Atleastyou’llknowwhenyourtrain’slate，(I)willbe，too.”25.Myfatherisstoutandstrong,aseverelookonhisfaceandkeenexpressiveeyes.查看答案itselfformineawith Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)(一)1.AnaccidenthappeninginarainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.2.Ithinkitgoodhabitthatinoursparetimewereadmorebooksofgreatuse.3.Yesterday，oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost，whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom，butstillIcouldn’tfindthem.onit查看答案∧a 4.Toimprovemygrades，Ipaidmoreattentionfortheteachers’talkinginclass.5.ThreeyearsagoIfailedanimportantexaminmylifeandbecameastudentinaordinaryschool.6.Itispossiblethatsomeofwemayhaveabrotherorsister.7.ClassestaughtinEnglishprovidestudentsforabetterlanguageenvironment.8.Forthesakeofoursafetyandtheothers’safety，weshouldobeythetrafficrules.toanus查看答案with 9.AsIwaswaitingmyordertoe，Inoticedanoldmaninawheelchairrollhimselfovertoatable.10.I’vebeenverybusyrecently，forI’vebeenpreparingforingexam，whichisvitalformeandmyfuturelife.11.I’vealwaysbeendreamingofhavinganopportunitytotravelinEnglish-speakingcountrieslikeyourtopractiseandimprovemyEnglish.yours查看答案∧for∧the 12.Uptonow，hehasbeememberofourfamilyandeveryonehasenjoyedhispany.13.Afterclass，Ilearnedfromtheteacherthatmydeskmatewouldhavedroppedoutofschoolifshehadn’tbeenhelpedwithothers.14.IfIhavesuchapenfriend，Ithinkwecanshareourtravellingexperienceswitheachother，takingcareofpets，orwhateverwehavesomethinginmon.15.Therewasonceaelderlywomaninanursinghome.byan查看答案∧a (二)16.Inmiddleoftheterm，Ibecameoneofthebestplayersinmyschool.17.ItakegreatprideofthisexperiencebecauseitnotonlyhelpsmerealizethatIcanachievemypotentialthroughhardwork，butmakesmeknowtheproverb“Practicemakesperfect”.18.LastSundayIsawaworststorminyears.Itcamesuddenlyandwentonforoverthreehours.inthe查看答案∧the 19.Wealllovethosethingssomuchthatwetravelthousandofmilestobearoundpeoplewholovethethingsthatwelovethewaythatwelovethem.20.Iputalittleoil，saltandsugaronthesteakandmixedittogether.21.First，beawareofyouradvantagesandacceptyou.22.Alargenumberofstudentsattendedtothecontestandshowedtheirwonderfulperformances.thousandsthemyourself查看答案 23.Onthestage，thoughfacinggreatpressure，thespeakersbravelyovercameitandchallengedthemtoachievegreatsuccess.24.Throughsuchactivity，weknowalotmoreaboutourstudents.25.Alsomovinguponthelistthisyearisspinach(菠菜)，whichjumpsfromtheeighttothesecondmostpollutedproduct.themselveseighth查看答案∧an Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·吉林长春四模)Nomatterwhereyouare，humansareconstantlymeasuringandcheckingtime.Someofusaregoodatit—planninganddoingthingsaheadoftime,1.othersarealwaystryingtobeattheclockanddothingsattheeleventhhour.解析1答案while 解析考查连词。该空的前后两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词while。返回 Tardiness(拖拉)canbeserious.Ifyou2.(be)oneminutelateforwork，wouldyouresign?Itmaysoundextreme，butthatisexactly3.occurredintheUKupperchamberofparliament，theHouseofLords，inJanuary2018.InternationaldevelopmentministerLordBatesarrivedoneminutelate，and，asaresult，wasunabletoanswera4.(schedule)question.Insteadoftrying5.(make)upforlosttime，asmanymightdo，heresignedon6.spot.Heapologizedforhisdiscourtesy(无礼)andstatedthathewasashamed.Hisresignation，though,7.(reject)bytheUKprimeminister.答案werewhatscheduled解析7解析6解析5解析4解析3解析2tomakethewasrejected 解析考查虚拟语气。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，即非真实条件句。此处是对现在情况的虚拟，所以这里be动词为were。返回 解析考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用what。返回 解析考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词，所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled(预定的)。返回 解析考查动词不定式。固定搭配trytodosth. (努力做某事)，所以这里填tomake。返回 解析考查定冠词。固定短语onthespot(在现场)。句意为：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the。返回 解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语resignation和reject为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意为：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用wasrejected。返回 So，howlateistoolate？Manyculturestakepunctualityveryseriously.Incontrast，othersseemtoviewtardiness8.justthenormalwayofthings.Whatisconsideredacceptableisbasedonculture.Thatis，ifyoudon’tmindwaiting，itmightbebesttoattendyour9.(appoint)ingoodtime.Andiftheworstestotheworst，remembertheoldEnglishproverb，“10.(well)latethannever.”答案解析10解析9asappointment(s)语篇解读解析8Better 语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了不同文化中人们对迟到的不同看法。返回 解析考查介词。固定搭配view...as...把……看作……。句意为：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as。返回 解析考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意为：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。返回 解析考查比较级。英语谚语“Betterlatethannever”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better。返回 Ⅳ.短文改错(2018·广东深圳一调)Iwokeuplatelyyesterdaybecausemyalarmclockdidn’tring.Withnotimeforthebreakfast，Irushedoutofmyhouse.Ihadintendedtocatchthe7：30subway，andIdidn’tmakeit.Havelittletimeleft，Itakeataxiinstead.Iarrivedattheschoolonlyfind，withgreatsadnessmixedwithsomerelief，thattheschoolwhereshouldhavebeenfullofstudentswasempty.查看答案latebutHavingtook∧tothat/which ItwasSaturday.However，ourillluckshowednosignofingatanend.WhenIreturnedhome，Ifoundmyselflockout.Ihadforgottentobringthekey.Justmyluck!mytolocked查看答案