英语语法专业术语 19页

英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword名词noun专有名词propernoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountableno抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun地点副词adverbofplace 物质名词materialnoun1/16individualnoun个体名词preposition介词conjunction连词verb动词mainverb主动词transitiveverb及物动词intransitiveverb不及物动词linkverb系动词auxiliaryverb助动词modalverb情态动词regularverb规则动词irregularverb不规则动词phrasalverb短语动词finiteverb限定动词infiniteverb非限定动词causativeverb使役动词verbofsenses感官动词eventverb动态动词stateverb静态动词exclamation感叹词adjective形容词2/16副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner地点副词adverbofplace 程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessive形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun3/16article 冠词definitearticle定冠词indefinitearticle不定冠词numeral数词cardinalnumeral基数词ordinalnumeral序数词fractionalnumeral分数词form形式singularform单数形式pluralform复数形式finiteverbform限定动词non-finiteverbform非限定动词baseform原形clause从句subordinateclause从属句coordinateclause并列句nominalclause名词从句attributiveclause定语从句adverbialclause状语从句objectclause宾语从句subjectclause主语从句4/16同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace 方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion5/16反义疑问句disjunctivequestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion 感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分membersofsentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject同源宾语cognateobject表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive6/16 adverbial状语syntacticrelationship句法关系coordinate并列subordination从属modification修饰pre-modification前置修饰 post-modification后置修饰restriction限制double-restriction双重限制non-restriction非限制number数singularform单数形式pluralform复数形式regularform规则形式irregularform不规则形式case格possessivecase所有格nominativecase主格objectivecase宾格gender性masculine阳性7/16阴性feminine中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson时态tense过去将来时pastfuturetense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense 一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense一般将来时futuresimpletense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时presentperfecttense将来完成时futureperfecttense现在进行时presentcontinuoustense过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense8/16过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定negation 否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech自由直接引语freedirectspeech8/16自由间接引语freeindirectspeech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition 语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oralEnglish套语formulisticexpression英国英语BritishEnglish美国英语AmericanEnglish用法usage8/16感情色彩emotionalcoloring贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund连字号hyphen 祈使语气imperativemood祈使句imperativesentences独立成分indefinitecase主句indicativemood物质名词materialnouns句子的成分membersofthesentence情态动词modalverbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句negativeinterrogativesentence动词的非限定形式non-finiteformsoftheverb非限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveclauses括号brackets名词的分类classificationofnouns8/16从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognateobject集体名词collectivenouns冒号colon错综时间条件句conditionalsentencesofmixedtime连词conjunction 连接副词conjunctiveadverbs连接代词conjunctivepronouns转化conversion并列连词co-coordinatingconjunctions可数名词countablenouns破折号dash陈述句declarativesentences定冠词definitearticle指示代词demonstrativepronouns派生(词缀法)derivation(affixation)描绘性定语descriptiveattributes呼语directaddress直接宾语directobject直接引语directspeech反意问句disjunctivequestions8/16省略ellipsis省略句ellipticalsentences感叹号exclamationmark感叹句exclamatorysentences动词的限定形式finiteformsoftheverb 虚词formwords分数词fractionalnumerals完全倒装fullinversion将来进行时futurecontinuous一般将来时futureindefinite将来完成时futureperfect将来完成进行时futureperfectcontinuous独立结构absoluteconstructions物主代词的绝对形式absoluteformsofpossessivepronouns抽象名词abstractnouns主动语态activevoice方式状语从句adverbialclausesofmanner地点状语从句adverbialclausesofplace目的状语从句adverbialclausesofpurpose时间状语从句adverbialclausesoftime程度副词adverbsofdegree8/16adverbsoffrequency频度副词adverbsofmanner方式副词adverbsofplace地点副词adverbsoftime时间副词alternativequestions选择问句 analysisofsentences句子分析apostrophe省略号appositive 同谓语appositiveclauses同位语从句auxiliaryverbs助动词parenthesis插入语partialinversion部分倒装participialphrases分词短语participle分词particle小品词partsofspeech词类pastforms过去式pastparticiple过去分词period(fullstop)句号person人称personalpronouns人称代词8/16成语动词phrasalverbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicativeclauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositionalphrases现在式presentforms现在分词presentparticiple动词的主要形式principalformsofverbs标点符号punctuation 专有名词propernouns标点符号punctuation 问号questionmark引号quotationmark相互代词reciprocalpronouns不定代词indefinitePronouns关系副词relativeadverbs关系代词relativepronouns限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveclauses自身代词selfpronouns分号semicolon真实条件句sentencesofrealcondition8/16虚拟条件句sentencesofunrealcondition时态的呼应sequenceoftenses特殊问句specialquestions虚拟语气subjunctivemood后缀suffix(es)最高级superlativedegree句法syntax句型的转换transformationofsentences双部句two-membersentences 不可数名词uncountablenouns动词短语verbalphrases名词化的动词verbalnoun构词法wordbuilding8/16