高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：状语从句(一).docx 7页

状语从句种从属连词例句说明类WhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.when指的是“某一具体的时间”Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.whenever指的是“在任何时间”Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensuddenlywhen意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或someonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的when分句一Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidestopped般位于句末。常用句型：beabouttodo⋯when⋯,bedoing⋯whenme.when⋯,haddone⋯when⋯,beonone’sway⋯when⋯,beonthepointofdoing⋯when⋯Heusuallywalkswhenhemightride.Theyhadonly尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果threetableswhentheyneededfive.时Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselfwhenyou间shownone?状Whileitwasraining,theywentout.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在⋯期间”，while引导的动作从Istayedwhilehewasaway.必须是持续性的IlikewatchingTVwhilehelikesreading.while做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”whileWhileIunderstandyourpointofview,Idon’tshareWhile引导让步状语从句，相当于although，但一般位于主it.句之前。Whilethereislife,thereishope.While引导条件状语从句，相当于as/solongas,翻译成“只要”Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生asAsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。 Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.一边⋯⋯一边⋯⋯Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.强调两个动作紧接着发生。Asaboy(Whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatas+名词，相当于时间状语从句maths.A.Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在⋯⋯之前”，BWewaitedalongtimebeforehecameoutA.“⋯⋯才”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费.Wehadn’twaitedlongbeforehecameout.的力气很大。）C．Hediedbeforehewroteawill.B.“⋯⋯就”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力D．hesunhadsetbeforeweknewit.气很大。）beforeLeavemebeforeIchangedmymind.C．“还没有⋯⋯”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否I’ddiebeforeIapologizedtothem.则，要不然”GetoutbeforeIcallthepolice.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstohisIt+（not）be+sometime+before从句。肯定句中，“多长时homeland.间之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多长时间就”Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.afterHearrivedafterthegamestarted.Wewaitedtill(until)hecameback.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到⋯为止”Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直⋯才”“在⋯until/till’clock.Untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I主句之后则不必用标点符号。since’llwritetoyou.Mr.Lihasbeenheresincehecameback.since后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动IhavewrittenhomebutoncesinceIcamehere.作发生时算起。 Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewasill.since后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。Itis(hasbeen)alongtimesinceIsmoked.IthasbeentwoyearssinceIbegantosmoke.It+be+sometime+since短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一⋯⋯就⋯⋯一⋯⋯就⋯⋯地where点wherever状从Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.hardly⋯when和nosooner⋯than的意义相当于assoonas,Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.去时，如hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrain的谓语要用部分倒装。left.EverytimeItravelledbyboat,Igotseasick.The有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：theminute,themomentIheardthesong,Ifeltcheerful.moment,theday,theweek,theyear,thefirsttime,anytime,Nexttimeyoucome,you’llseehim.nexttime,everytime,thelasttime,eachtime,allthetime,bythetime,immediately,instantly,directly,assoonas,once等。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一ondoingsth.或onone’s+名词OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognisedasaobleandthrownintoprison.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用Wherethereiswaterthereislife.于书面语。where表示特定的地点，wherever表示非特定的Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.地点。Whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw. becauseIcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasondutybecause用来回答why的问题，语气最强notbecause⋯butbecause不是因为⋯⋯而是因为⋯⋯partlybecause⋯部分是因为⋯⋯becausebecauseofsinceSinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeetingsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首原forHemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示因补充说明理由。状asAshedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookeduptheAs语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在从wordinthedictionary.句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。nowthat,seeingthat,Now(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartconsideringthat，inourjourney.thatSeeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.thatIshallwritedownyourtelephonenumberthatImaynotforget.目sothatWe’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.的inorderthat=totheTheyworkedharderthanusualinorderthatthey状endthatcouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.从Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldlest=forfearthatcatchcold.TakeyourraincoatincaseitrainsincaseHeleftearlyincasehe(should)missthelasttrain.seeing(that),nowthat,consideringthat和since,as意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去inthat中that不能省略。nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that可以省略。目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might)can(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号Incase“以防”后面的从句可以使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状 语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，incase从句可使用should，但should也可以省略。Weturneduptheradio,sothateveryoneheardthesothat前有逗号为结果状语从句sothatnews.so⋯that的so后面跟形容词或副词so⋯thatHewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.结果Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewassuch⋯that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such状excused.a/an⋯that还可以转换用so⋯that，语气较强从such⋯thatItissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.ifDifficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if⋯not同义，条unlessWeshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.=Weunless是书面语，if⋯not是口语，通常二者可以换用as/solongasshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去件’train.incaseSo/Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.时代替一般将来时或过去将来时状sofarasIncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit从onceSofarasIknow,thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.suppose/supposingSuppose/Supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwe(that)假定do?provided/providingI’llgoprovided/providingthechildrencancome(that);withme.oncondition(that)I’llallowyoutogoswimmingonconditionthatyou在⋯⋯条件下，don’tgotoofarfromthebank.以⋯⋯为条件 asasif⋯asthough方式DrawacatasItaughtyouDoasyouaretold.Shelooksasifsheisill.Heactedasif(though)nothinghadhappenedTheytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.此处as译为：按照或正如asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气状asitis/was从Ithoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitis用于句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，可以翻译为“事实上，theyaregettingworse.实际情况是”；用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现Leaveitasitis.在的样子”，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为astheyare/were。asitwerealthoughthoughHeis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”，不能改为asitis(was)在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面让evenif,eventhoughI’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想步的意味，多用于书面语中状Childasheis,heknowsalot.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用从asColdasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplaythough或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从outdoors.句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.nomatter⋯⋯与who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一nomatter(whether,Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglish样，nomatter⋯⋯引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后who,whatwhen,everyday.where,which,how⋯)Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful. wh+ever(whateverWhateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotlosewhoever,wheneverheart.whichever,however)Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.Inspiteof/Despitethefactthatheissometimesforall(that),inspiteofthefact,despitethefactthat,短语“尽管”selfish,wehavetodependonhimregardlessof(ofthefact)等。Somepeopleactregardlessofwhatwillhappenafterwards.orRightorwrong,thisismytemper.Eastorwest,homeisbest.as⋯as,Maryisasoldasmysister.notso/as⋯asHedoesn’trunso(as)fastasJack(does).thesame⋯asHisbookisthesameasmine.such⋯asHenryisnotsuchagoodworkerasPeter.比Shehasmadegreaterprogressthisyearthanshedid⋯than⋯lastyear.较HeboughtfewerbooksthanI(did).状Themoreyouread,thebetteryouunderstand.从Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillthemoreget.⋯themore⋯Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Thesooner,thebetter.Thewarmer,thebetter.or连接的两个意义相反的词语，在句中也表让步。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as⋯as否定句可用notas⋯as或notso⋯asthemore⋯themore意思为越⋯越⋯，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面